Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2024 (SOCATv2024) (NCEI Accession 0293257)

Dorothee C. E. Bakker - Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom

Simone R. Alin - US DOC; NOAA; OAR; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), Seattle, WA, USA

Meike Becker - Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway

Thanos Gkritzalis - Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ)

Steve D. Jones - Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen

Alex Kozyr - NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)

Siv K. Lauvset - NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway

Nicolas Metzl - Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN)

Shin-ichiro Nakaoka - National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)

Kevin M. O'Brien - University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES)

Are Olsen - Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway

Denis Pierrot - NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)

Adrienne J. Sutton - US DOC; NOAA; OAR; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), Seattle, WA, USA

Shintaro Takao - Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan

Bronte Tilbrook - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)

Rik Wanninkhof - NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)

Yoana G. Voynova - Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon

Wiley Evans - Hakai Institute

Vlad A. Macovei - Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon

Vanessa Cardin -

Uwe Send - Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO)

Tsuneo Ono - Fisheries Resource Institute / Fisheries Research and Education Agency

Todd R. Martz - Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO)

Stephan D. Howden - University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Marine Science

Ryan J. Woosley - Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute for Technology

Richard A. Feely - NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory

Ricardo Arruda -

Reiner Schlitzer - Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research

Nathalie Lefèvre - Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN)

Natalie M. Monacci - University of Alaska - Fairbanks (UAF)

Melchor González-Dávila -

Mark D. Ohman - Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO)

Léa Olivier -

Leticia Barbero - Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies

Kumiko Azetsu-Scott -

Katie Campbell -

John Prytherch -

Jessica N. Cross - NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory

J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano - Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

Hongjie Wang -

Henry C. Bittig -

Claire Lo Monaco - Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN)

Calvin Mordy - University of Washington Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies

Arne Körtzinger - GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel

Anna Rutgersson - Uppsala University

Akihiko Murata - Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC)

PACKAGE DESCRIPTION: The ocean absorbs one quarter of the global CO2 emissions from human activity. The community-led Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (www.socat.info) is key for the quantification of ocean CO2 uptake and its variation, now and in the future. SOCAT version 2024 has quality-controlled in situ surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of CO2) measurements on ships, moorings, sailing yachts, autonomous and drifting surface platforms for the global oceans and coastal seas from 1957 to 2023. The main synthesis and gridded products contain fCO2 values with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 μatm. Sensor fCO2 data with an estimated accuracy of better than 10 μatm are separately available. During quality control, marine scientists assign a flag to each data set, as well as WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2 values. Data sets are assigned flags of A and B for an estimated accuracy of better than 2 μatm, flags of C and D for an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a flag of E for an accuracy of better than 10 μatm. Bakker et al. (2016) describe the quality control criteria used in SOCAT versions 3 to 2024. Quality control comments for individual data sets can be accessed via the SOCAT Data Set Viewer (www.socat.info). All data sets, where data quality has been deemed acceptable, have been made public. The main SOCAT synthesis files and the gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Access to data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 10 µatm (flag of E) and fCO2 values with flags of 3 and 4 is via additional data products and the Data Set Viewer (Table 8 in Bakker et al., 2016). SOCAT publishes a global gridded product with a 1° longitude by 1° latitude resolution without gap filling. A second product with a higher resolution of 0.25° longitude by 0.25° latitude is available for the coastal seas. The gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Gridded products are available monthly, per year and per decade. Two powerful, interactive, online viewers, the Data Set Viewer and the Gridded Data Viewer (www.socat.info), enable investigation of the SOCAT synthesis and gridded data products. SOCAT data products can be downloaded. Matlab code is available for reading these files. Ocean Data View also provides access to the SOCAT data products (www.socat.info). SOCAT data products are discoverable, accessible and citable. The SOCAT Data Use Statement (www.socat.info) asks users to generously acknowledge the contribution of SOCAT scientists by invitation to co-authorship, especially for data providers in regional studies, and/or reference to relevant scientific articles. The SOCAT website (www.socat.info) provides a single access point for online viewers, downloadable data sets, the Data Use Statement, a list of contributors and an overview of scientific publications on and using SOCAT. Automation of data upload and initial data checks allows annual releases of SOCAT from version 4 onward. SOCAT is used for quantification of ocean CO2 uptake and ocean acidification and for evaluation of climate models and sensor data. SOCAT products inform the annual Global Carbon Budget since 2013. The annual SOCAT releases by the SOCAT scientific community are a Voluntary Commitment for United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14.3 (Reduce Ocean Acidification) (#OceanAction20464). More broadly the SOCAT releases contribute to UN SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and to the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. Hundreds of peer-reviewed scientific publications and high-impact reports cite SOCAT. The SOCAT community-led synthesis product is a key step in the value chain based on in situ inorganic carbon measurements of the oceans, which provides policy makers with critical information on ocean CO2 uptake in climate negotiations. The need for accurate knowledge of global ocean CO2 uptake and its (future) variation makes sustained funding of in situ surface ocean CO2 observations and their synthesis imperative.

CITE AS: Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Alin, Simone R.; Bates, Nicholas; Becker, Meike; Gkritzalis, Thanos; Jones, Steve D.; Kozyr, Alex; Lauvset, Siv K.; Metzl, Nicolas; Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro; O'Brien, Kevin M.; Olsen, Are; Pierrot, Denis; Steinhoff, Tobias; Sutton, Adrienne J.; Takao, Shintaro; Tilbrook, Bronte; Wada, Chisato; Wanninkhof, Rik; Akl, John; Arbilla, Lisandro A.; Arruda, Ricardo; Azetsu-Scott, Kumiko; Barbero, Leticia; Beatty, Cory M.; Berghoff, Carla F.; Bittig, Henry C.; Burger, Eugene F.; Campbell, Katie; Cardin, Vanessa; Collins, Andrew; Coppola, Laurent; Cronin, Margot; Cross, Jessica N.; Currie, Kim I.; Emerson, Steven R.; Enright, Matt P.; Enyo, Kazutaka; Evans, Wiley; Feely, Richard A.; Flohr, Anita; Gehrung, Martina; Glockzin, Michael; González-Dávila, Melchor; Hamnca, Siyabulela; Hartman, Sue; Howden, Stephan D.; Kam, Kitty; Kamb, Linus; Körtzinger, Arne; Kosugi, Naohiro; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Lo Monaco, Claire; Macovei, Vlad A.; Maenner Jones, Stacy; Manalang, Dana; Martz, Todd R.; Mdokwana, Baxolele; Monacci, Natalie M.; Monteiro, Pedro M. S.; Mordy, Calvin; Morell, Julio M.; Murata, Akihiko; Neill, Craig; Noh, Jae-Hoon; Nojiri, Yukihiro; Ohman, Mark D.; Olivier, Léa; Ono, Tsuneo; Petersen, Wilhelm; Plueddemann, Albert J.; Prytherch, John; Rehder, Gregor; Rutgersson, Anna; Santana-Casiano, J. Magdalena; Schlitzer, Reiner; Send, Uwe; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Sullivan, Kevin F.; T'Jampens, Michiel; Tadokoro, Kazuaki; Telszewski, Maciej; Theetaert, Hannelore; Tsanwani, Mutshutshu; Vandemark, Douglas; van Ooijen, Erik; Veccia, Martín H.; Voynova, Yoana G.; Wang, Hongjie; Weller, Robert A.; Woosley, Ryan J. (2024). Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2024 (SOCATv2024) (NCEI Accession 0293257). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/9wpn-th28. Accessed [date].

TYPES OF STUDY:
Data synthesis product;Surface measurement;

TEMPORAL COVERAGE:

START DATE: 1957-10-22

END DATE: 2024-01-04

SPATIAL COVERAGE:

NORTH: 90

WEST: -180

EAST: 180

SOUTH: -90

GEOGRAPHIC NAMES:

Atlantic Ocean;Pacific Ocean;Indian Ocean;Arctic Ocean;Southern Ocean;

PLATFORMS:

none;

RESEARCH PROJECT(S):

Coastal Carbon Project; Moorings and Time Series Project; Ship Of Opportunity Program (SOOP);

VARIABLES / PARAMETERS:

SUBMITTED BY: Kevin M. O'Brien (kevin.m.o'brien@noaa.gov)

SUBMISSION DATE: 2024-05-28

REVISION DATE: 2024-06-06

PREVIOUS VERSIONS: Version 1.1