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A novel sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) data product for the global coastal ocean resolving trends over the 1982-2020 period (NCEI Accession 0279118)

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This dataset contains continuous monthly maps of sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in the coastal ocean from 1982 to 2020. This product is an updated version of the coastal product of Laruelle et al. (2017) and has been created using a 2-step Self Organizing Maps (SOM) and Feed Forward Network (FFN) method and uses ~ 18 million direct observations from the latest release of the Surface Ocean CO2 database (SOCATv2022, Bakker et al., 2014, 2022). In a first step, the global coastal ocean is divided into 10 biogeochemical provinces using SOM, which group regions with similar environmental properties. Then, for each province, the FFN algorithm reconstructs nonlinear relationships between a set of environmental variables (e.g., sea surface temperature, salinity...) and the observed pCO2. These relationships are then used to perform the spatiotemporal pCO2 extrapolation in regions and time periods where data are lacking. The output consists of continuous monthly pCO2 maps for the coastal ocean, with a spatial resolution of 0.25°, covering the 1982-2020 period. Additionally, this new coastal pCO2 product is used to generate a new coastal air-sea CO2 exchange (FCO2) product for each grid cell at the monthly time scale from 1982 to 2020 using the following equation: FCO2=k∙K0∙∆pCO2∙(1-ice) where FCO2 represents the coastal air-sea CO2 exchange (in mol C m-2 yr-1). By convention a positive FCO2 value corresponds to a CO2 source for the atmosphere. ∆pCO2 represents the difference between the oceanic pCO2 and the atmospheric pCO2 (in atm). K0 (mol C m-3 atm-1) represents the CO2 solubility in sea water which is a function of SST and SSS following the equation of Weiss et al. (1974). k represents the gas exchange transfer velocity (m yr-1) which is a function of the second moment of the wind speed and is calculated using the equation of Ho et al. (2011) and the Schmidt number based on the equation of Wanninkhof et al. (2014). The sea-ice coverage is represented by the term ice and has no units.
  • Cite as: Roobaert, Alizée; Regnier, Pierre; Landschützer, Peter; Laruelle, Goulven G. (2023). A novel sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) data product for the global coastal ocean resolving trends over the 1982-2020 period (NCEI Accession 0279118). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/4sde-p068. Accessed [date].
gov.noaa.nodc:0279118
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Distribution Formats
  • Originator data format
Ordering Instructions Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
Distributor NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
+1-301-713-3277
NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
Dataset Point of Contact NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
ncei.info@noaa.gov
Time Period 1982-01-01 to 2020-12-31
Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates
West: -179.875
East: 179.875
South: -89.875
North: 89.875
Spatial Coverage Map
General Documentation
Associated Resources
  • Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Smith, K., Hankin, S., Olsen, A., Alin, S. R., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Kozyr, A., Nojiri, Y., O’Brien, K. M., Schuster, U., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Akl, J., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Boutin, J., … Watson, A. J. (2014). An update to the surface ocean CO2 atlas (SOCAT version 2). Earth System Science Data, 6(1), 69–90. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-69-2014
  • Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Alin, Simone R.; Becker, Meike; Bittig, Henry C.; Castaño-Primo, Rocío; Feely, Richard A.; Gkritzalis, Thanos; Kadono, Koji; Kozyr, Alex; Lauvset, Siv K.; Metzl, Nicolas; Munro, David R.; Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro; Nojiri, Yukihiro; O'Brien, Kevin M.; Olsen, Are; Pfeil, Benjamin; Pierrot, Denis; Steinhoff, Tobias; Sullivan, Kevin F.; Sutton, Adrienne J.; Sweeney, Colm; Tilbrook, Bronte; Wada, Chisato; Wanninkhof, Rik; Willstrand Wranne, Anna; Akl, John; Apelthun, Lisa B.; Bates, Nicholas; Beatty, Cory M.; Burger, Eugene F.; Cai, Wei-Jun; Cosca, Catherine E.; Corredor, Jorge E.; Cronin, Margot; Cross, Jessica N.; De Carlo, Eric H.; DeGrandpre, Michael D.; Emerson, Steven R.; Enright, Matt P.; Enyo, Kazutaka; Evans, Wiley; Frangoulis, Constantin; Fransson, Agneta; García-Ibáñez, Maribel I.; Gehrung, Martina; Giannoudi, Louisa; Glockzin, Michael; Hales, Burke; Howden, Stephan D.; Hunt, Christopher W.; Ibánhez, J. Severino P.; Jones, Steve D.; Kamb, Linus; Körtzinger, Arne; Landa, Camilla S.; Landschützer, Peter; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Lo Monaco, Claire; Macovei, Vlad A.; Maenner Jones, Stacy; Meinig, Christian; Millero, Frank J.; Monacci, Natalie M.; Mordy, Calvin; Morell, Julio M.; Murata, Akihiko; Musielewicz, Sylvia; Neill, Craig; Newberger, Tim; Nomura, Daiki; Ohman, Mark; Ono, Tsuneo; Passmore, Abe; Petersen, Wilhelm; Petihakis, George; Perivoliotis, Leonidas; Plueddemann, Albert J.; Rehder, Gregor; Reynaud, Thierry; Rodriguez, Carmen; Ross, Andrew C.; Rutgersson, Anna; Sabine, Christopher L.; Salisbury, Joseph E.; Schlitzer, Reiner; Send, Uwe; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Stamataki, Natalia; Sutherland, Stewart C.; Sweeney, Colm; Tadokoro, Kazuaki; Tanhua, Toste; Telszewski, Maciej; Trull, Tom; Vandemark, Douglas; van Ooijen, Erik; Voynova, Yoana G.; Wang, Hongjie; Weller, Robert A.; Whitehead, Chris; Wilson, Doug (2022). Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2022 (SOCATv2022) (NCEI Accession 0253659). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/1h9f-nb73.
  • Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P., Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P., Bechtold, P., Beljaars, A. C. M., van de Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N., Delsol, C., Dragani, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A. J., … Vitart, F. (2011). The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 137(656), 553–597. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.828
  • Dickson, A. G., Sabine, C. L., & Christian, J. R. (2007). Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements. PICES Special Publication 3, 3(8), 191. https://doi.org/10.1159/000331784
  • Good, S. A., Martin, M. J., & Rayner, N. A. (2013). EN4: Quality controlled ocean temperature and salinity profiles and monthly objective analyses with uncertainty estimates. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 118(12), 6704–6716. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009067
  • Ho, D. T., Wanninkhof, R., Schlosser, P., Ullman, D. S., Hebert, D., & Sullivan, K. F. (2011). Toward a universal relationship between wind speed and gas exchange: Gas transfer velocities measured with 3He/SF6 during the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 116(7), C00F04. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006854.
  • Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., … Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(3), 437–471. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2
  • Laruelle, G. G., Landschützer, P., Gruber, N., Tison, J. L., Delille, B., & Regnier, P. (2017). Global high-resolution monthly pCO2 climatology for the coastal ocean derived from neural network interpolation. Biogeosciences, 14(19), 4545–4561. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4545-2017
  • Reynolds, R. W., Smith, T. M., Liu, C., Chelton, D. B., Casey, K. S., & Schlax, M. G. (2007). Daily high-resolution-blended analyses for sea surface temperature. Journal of Climate, 20(22), 5473–5496. https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1824.1
  • Wanninkhof, R. (2014). Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean revisited. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 12(C5), 351–362. https://doi.org/10.1029/92JC00188
  • Weiss, R. F. (1974). Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: the solubility of a non-ideal gas. Marine Chemistry, 2(3), 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(74)90015-2.
  • NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system
Publication Dates
  • publication: 2023-06-16
  • revision: 2023-11-05
Data Presentation Form Digital table - digital representation of facts or figures systematically displayed, especially in columns
Dataset Progress Status Complete - production of the data has been completed
Historical archive - data has been stored in an offline storage facility
Data Update Frequency As needed
Supplemental Information
This data package (Submission ID: BGV7N290B) was acquired by NCEI from the Scientific Data Integration System (SDIS) at the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) in accordance with the archival submission agreement between NCEI and PMEL.
Purpose This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis.
Use Limitations
  • accessLevel: Public
  • Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
Dataset Citation
  • Cite as: Roobaert, Alizée; Regnier, Pierre; Landschützer, Peter; Laruelle, Goulven G. (2023). A novel sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) data product for the global coastal ocean resolving trends over the 1982-2020 period (NCEI Accession 0279118). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/4sde-p068. Accessed [date].
Cited Authors
Principal Investigators
Contributors
Resource Providers
Publishers
Acknowledgments
  • Funding Information: European Community's Horizon 2020 Project (821003)
  • Funding Information: European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ESM2025, 101003536)
  • Funding Information: BELSPO (ReCAP funded under the FEd-tWIN)
Theme keywords NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS WMO_CategoryCode
  • oceanography
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords OCADS Study Type
  • Data synthesis product
Provider Variable Abbreviations
  • dpco2
  • fco2
  • ice
  • k
  • lat
  • lon
  • mask
  • pco2
  • sc
  • sol
  • surface
  • time
  • wind_speed_second_moment
Data Center keywords NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
Platform keywords NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS
Instrument keywords NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
Place keywords NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords Provider Geographic Names
  • Global Ocean Coastal regions
Project keywords NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Cruise ID
  • NA
EXPOCODE
  • NA
Ocean Acidification Search Keywords
  • Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project
Reference Section ID
  • NA
Keywords NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER
Use Constraints
  • Cite as: Roobaert, Alizée; Regnier, Pierre; Landschützer, Peter; Laruelle, Goulven G. (2023). A novel sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) data product for the global coastal ocean resolving trends over the 1982-2020 period (NCEI Accession 0279118). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/4sde-p068. Accessed [date].
Access Constraints
  • Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
Fees
  • In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps
  • 2023-06-16T16:03:41Z - NCEI Accession 0279118 v1.1 was published.
  • 2023-06-20T19:30:48Z - NCEI Accession 0279118 was revised and v2.2 was published.
    Rationale: Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
  • 2023-11-05T04:58:46Z - NCEI Accession 0279118 was revised and v3.3 was published.
    Rationale: Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
Output Datasets
Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps
  • Parameter or Variable: latitude; Abbreviation: lat.
  • Parameter or Variable: longitude; Abbreviation: lon.
  • Parameter or Variable: time; Abbreviation: time.
  • Parameter or Variable: sea surface partial pressure of CO2; Abbreviation: pco2.
  • Parameter or Variable: air-sea CO2 flux density; Abbreviation: fco2.
  • Parameter or Variable: partial pressure difference between the atmospheric pCO2 and the sea surface pCO2; Abbreviation: dpco2.
  • Parameter or Variable: coastal mask; Abbreviation: mask.
  • Parameter or Variable: surface area; Abbreviation: surface.
  • Parameter or Variable: gas exchange transfer velocity; Abbreviation: k.
  • Parameter or Variable: CO2 solubility; Abbreviation: sol.
  • Parameter or Variable: sea-ice coverage; Abbreviation: ice.
  • Parameter or Variable: second moment of the wind speed; Abbreviation: wind_speed_second_moment.
  • Parameter or Variable: schmidt number; Abbreviation: sc .
Acquisition Information (collection)
Instrument
  • carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
Platform
  • VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS
Last Modified: 2024-06-10T13:28:13Z
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