Dissolved Organic Nitrogen oxidation collected on cruise SAV 17-16 in the South Atlantic Bight aboard the R/V Savannah from 2011 to 2017 (NCEI Accession 0278729)
This dataset contains biological, chemical, optical, and physical data collected on R/V Savannah during cruise SAV-17-16 from 2011-10-04 to 2017-08-19. These data include Ammonium, Nitrate, Nitrite, SiOH_4, beam attenuation, depth, dissolved Oxygen, fluorescence, salinity calculated from CTD primary sensors, and water temperature. The instruments used to collect these data include Bran Luebbe AA3 AutoAnalyzer, CTD Sea-Bird 25, Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer, and qPCR Thermal Cycler. These data were collected by Dr James T. Hollibaugh of University of Georgia and Dr Brian N. Popp of University of Hawaii as part of the "Collaborative Research: Direct Oxidation of Organic Nitrogen by Marine Ammonia Oxidizing Organisms (DON Oxidation)" project. The Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) submitted these data to NCEI on 2019-06-21.
The following is the text of the dataset description provided by BCO-DMO:
Data collected on cruise SAV 17-16 plus related ancillary samples from the same geographic area
Dataset Description:
Samples were collected from four regions (inshore, midshelf, shelf-break, and oceanic) of the SAB off the Georgia (U.S.A.) coast (Fig. 1; Supporting Information Table S1), with terminology modified from Liu et al. (2018) as follows. “ Inshore ” stations were within the barrier island complex. “ Mid-shelf ” stations were outside the barrier island complex to depths < 40 m; due to limited sampling in this zone, no demarcation between “ mid-shelf ” and “ nearshore ” stations (as in Liu et al. 2018) was made. “ Shelf-break ” stations were between 40 m and 500 m depth. While Liu et al. (2018) did not sample waters past the shelf-break, we included deeper stations further offshore (bottom depth > 500 m), which are designated “ oceanic ” stations. Note that the maximum depth sampled was ≤ 500 m due to equipment limitations.
Inshore samples were collected from a dock at Marsh Landing on the Duplin River (Sapelo Island) and the dock at the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography (Fig. 1). Both inshore sites are salt marsh-dominated estuaries. Water from both sites was sampled from a depth ≤ 1 m and was processed immediately at a nearby laboratory (the University of Georgia Marine Institute on Sapelo Island or onboard the R/V Savannah). Water quality data for Marsh Landing samples were collected as part of the Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve monitoring program. Relevant data from the Lower Duplin ( “ LD ” ) sonde were downloaded from NOAA/CDMO (http://cdmo. baruch.sc.edu/aqs/, last accessed 22 May 2018).
Most SAB samples were collected in August 2017 on the R/V Savannah (cruise SAV-17-16) along transects across the continental shelf and the Gulf Stream and into the western Sargasso Sea, with sampling focused around the shelf-break (Fig. 1). Water from multiple depths was collected using 12-liter Niskin bottles mounted on a rosette equipped with a Sea-Bird SBE25 CTD. Profiles of salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were collected using the CTD system as described previously (Liu et al. 2018). PAR attenuation (K d ) was calculated from plots of ln(PAR) vs. depth as in Liu et al. (2018). Two additional SAB stations were sampled in October 2011 (described previously by Liu et al. 2015 and Tolar et al. 2017) and are referred to as “ 2011-4 ” and “ 2011-12 ” (Fig. 1). Environmental data and some of the microbial and rate data from 2011 stations are available in other publications (Liu et al. 2015; Tolar et al. 2017; see BCO-DMO dataset qPCR_Parameters at https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/767141).
The following is the text of the dataset description provided by BCO-DMO:
Data collected on cruise SAV 17-16 plus related ancillary samples from the same geographic area
Dataset Description:
Samples were collected from four regions (inshore, midshelf, shelf-break, and oceanic) of the SAB off the Georgia (U.S.A.) coast (Fig. 1; Supporting Information Table S1), with terminology modified from Liu et al. (2018) as follows. “ Inshore ” stations were within the barrier island complex. “ Mid-shelf ” stations were outside the barrier island complex to depths < 40 m; due to limited sampling in this zone, no demarcation between “ mid-shelf ” and “ nearshore ” stations (as in Liu et al. 2018) was made. “ Shelf-break ” stations were between 40 m and 500 m depth. While Liu et al. (2018) did not sample waters past the shelf-break, we included deeper stations further offshore (bottom depth > 500 m), which are designated “ oceanic ” stations. Note that the maximum depth sampled was ≤ 500 m due to equipment limitations.
Inshore samples were collected from a dock at Marsh Landing on the Duplin River (Sapelo Island) and the dock at the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography (Fig. 1). Both inshore sites are salt marsh-dominated estuaries. Water from both sites was sampled from a depth ≤ 1 m and was processed immediately at a nearby laboratory (the University of Georgia Marine Institute on Sapelo Island or onboard the R/V Savannah). Water quality data for Marsh Landing samples were collected as part of the Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve monitoring program. Relevant data from the Lower Duplin ( “ LD ” ) sonde were downloaded from NOAA/CDMO (http://cdmo. baruch.sc.edu/aqs/, last accessed 22 May 2018).
Most SAB samples were collected in August 2017 on the R/V Savannah (cruise SAV-17-16) along transects across the continental shelf and the Gulf Stream and into the western Sargasso Sea, with sampling focused around the shelf-break (Fig. 1). Water from multiple depths was collected using 12-liter Niskin bottles mounted on a rosette equipped with a Sea-Bird SBE25 CTD. Profiles of salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were collected using the CTD system as described previously (Liu et al. 2018). PAR attenuation (K d ) was calculated from plots of ln(PAR) vs. depth as in Liu et al. (2018). Two additional SAB stations were sampled in October 2011 (described previously by Liu et al. 2015 and Tolar et al. 2017) and are referred to as “ 2011-4 ” and “ 2011-12 ” (Fig. 1). Environmental data and some of the microbial and rate data from 2011 stations are available in other publications (Liu et al. 2015; Tolar et al. 2017; see BCO-DMO dataset qPCR_Parameters at https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/767141).
Dataset Citation
- Cite as: Hollibaugh, James T.; Popp, Brian N. (2023). Dissolved Organic Nitrogen oxidation collected on cruise SAV 17-16 in the South Atlantic Bight aboard the R/V Savannah from 2011 to 2017 (NCEI Accession 0278729). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0278729. Accessed [date].
Dataset Identifiers
ISO 19115-2 Metadata
gov.noaa.nodc:0278729
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Time Period | 2011-10-04 to 2017-08-19 |
Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates |
West: -81.356
East: -78.765
South: 30.3175
North: 31.99
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Dataset Progress Status | Complete - production of the data has been completed Historical archive - data has been stored in an offline storage facility |
Data Update Frequency | As needed |
Supplemental Information | Acquisition Description: Nutrient analysis Nutrient samples were filtered through 0.22 μ m pore size Durapore GVWP filters (Millipore Sigma) and frozen at − 20 _ C immediately after collection, then stored at − 80 _ C until analysis. Dissolved nitrate (NO3 − ), nitrite (NO2 − ), phosphate (PO4 3 − ), and silicate (SiO4 4 − ) were measured using a Bran and Luebbe AA3 autoanalyzer as described previously (Wilkerson et al. 2015). Ammonium and urea were measured manually using the phenolhypochlorite method (Solórzano 1969) and the diacetylmonoxime method (Rahmatullah and Boyde 1980; Mulvenna and Savidge 1992), respectively. Oxidation rate measurements We used 15N-labeled substrates (98 – 99% 15N, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories) to measure the oxidation of N supplied as NH4+, urea, 1,2-diaminoethane (DAE), 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP), 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine, PUT), L-glutamic acid (GLU), and L-arginine (ARG). 15N oxidation from NH4+, urea, PUT, and GLU were measured extensively, whereas 15N oxidation from DAE, DAP, and ARG was only measured at a subset of stations (Supporting Information Table S1). GLU and ARG were included as a control for remineralization, as their central roles in microbial metabolism leads to rapid catabolism and NH4 + regeneration (Hollibaugh 1978; Goldman et al. 1987). PUT was used in routine assessments of the oxidation of polyamine-N because it is one of the most consistently detected polyamines in seawater (Nishibori et al. 2001a, 2003; Lu et al. 2014; Liu et al. 2015). Although spermine and spermidine are also common in seawater, 15N-labeled stocks of these polyamines were not commercially available. We measured the oxidation of N from DAE and DAP to investigate the effect of aliphatic chain length (which affects pK a ) on oxidation rate. Duplicate seawater samples contained in 1-liter polycarbonate or 250 mL high density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles wrapped with aluminum foil (to exclude light) were amended with 10 – 50 nM 15N-labeled substrate. Marsh Landing samples were then placed in an incubator held at in situ temperature in the dark. Samples taken at the Skidaway dock were placed in a mesh bag and immersed at the sea surface at the sampling site. Samples collected at sea were incubated in a tank of flowing surface seawater or in an incubator held at 18 C in the dark. Incubation bottles were sampled for 15N analysis immediately after substrate addition and again after a period of ~ 24 h. 15N samples were subsampled into 50 mL polypropylene centrifuge tubes, frozen at − 20 _ C, and stored at − 80 _ C until analysis. The 15N/14N ratios of the NO3 − plus NO2 − (NOX) pools ( δ 15NNOx) in the samples were measured using the bacterial denitrifier method to convert NOX to nitrous oxide (N2O; Sigman et al. 2001). The δ 15N values of the N2O produced were measured using a Finnigan MAT-252 isotope ratio mass spectrometer coupled with a modified GasBench II interface (Casciotti et al. 2002; Beman et al. 2011; McIlvin and Casciotti 2011). Oxidation rates were calculated using an endpoint model (Beman et al. 2011; Damashek et al. 2016). Since the substrates used were uniformly labeled with 15N, the amount of the N added as the 15N spike (in μ M) was multiplied by the number of moles of 15N per mole of substrate, which assumes that all of the N atoms have equal probability of being oxidized. This is likely true for urea, DAE, DAP, and PUT, which are symmetrical molecules, but not likely to be true for ARG, which contains 4 N atoms (one in the α -amino position and three in the guanidine structure of its R-group). Abiotic oxidation of organic N was assessed by measuring 15NOX production following 15N amendment and incubation of 0.22 μ m filtered seawater (as described above), and potential metabolism of DON by the denitrifying bacteria used to convert NOX to N2O was checked by adding 15N-labeled substrates into the bacterial cultures prior to mass spectrometry. We were unable to measure the in situ concentrations of the individual components of DON used in oxidation experiments, other than urea. Based on previous measurements made in the SAB (Lu et al. 2014; Liu et al. 2015), we assumed concentrations of 1 nM and 0.25 nM for DAE, DAP and PUT, and 10 nM and 5 nM for GLU and ARG, at inshore and mid-shelf/shelf-break/oceanic stations, respectively. Rates of polyamine and amino acid oxidation reported below should therefore be considered potential rates, as amendments as low as 10 – 50 nM are likely to increase substrate concentrations substantially above in situ. Initial substrate 15N activity was calculated using isotope mass balance using the known concentration and 15N activity of the labeled substrates added and assuming the concentrations described above and natural abundance 15N activity (i.e., 0.3663 atom% 15N). |
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Last Modified: 2024-05-31T15:15:28Z
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