Dataset Overview | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)

High-resolution record of surface seawater CO2 content from 2016-08 to 2019-05 from the OceansAlaska Shellfish Hatchery in Ketchikan, Alaska, USA (NCEI Accession 0246099)

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This dataset includes measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), sea surface salinity, sea surface temperature and other parameters from the OceansAlaska Shellfish Hatchery in Ketchikan, Alaska from 2016-08-29 to 2019-05-16. The OceansAlaska Shellfish Hatchery in Ketchikan, is a floating barge that has been a site for high-resolution measurement of surface seawater CO2 content since August 2016. Measurements of in situ temperature, salinity, and CO2 partial pressure are made near-continuously from a seawater sample line with an intake depth of 4.3 m. The effort to collect these data is a collaboration between OceansAlaska, the UAF Ocean Acidification Research Center, Oregon State University, and the Hakai Institute with support from the Alaska Ocean Observing System and the Tula Foundation. This data contribution consists of measurements made between August 29, 2016 and May 16, 2019.

Dataset Citation

Cite as: Evans, Wiley; Pocock, Katie; Weekes, Carrie; Hales, Burke; Monacci, Natalie M. (2022). High-resolution record of surface seawater CO2 content from 2016-08 to 2019-05 from the OceansAlaska Shellfish Hatchery in Ketchikan, Alaska, USA (NCEI Accession 0246099). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/kmam-ct93. Accessed [date].

Dataset Identifiers

ISO 19115-2 Metadata

gov.noaa.nodc:0246099

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Download Data	HTTPS (download) Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. FTP (download) These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).
Distribution Formats	Originator data format
Ordering Instructions	Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
Distributor	NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
Dataset Point of Contact	NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov

Time Period	2016-08-29 to 2019-05-16
Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates	West: -131.5954 East: -131.5954 South: 55.315 North: 55.315
Spatial Coverage Map

General Documentation	Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.
Associated Resources	NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website

Publication Dates	publication: 2022-01-27
Data Presentation Form	Digital table - digital representation of facts or figures systematically displayed, especially in columns
Dataset Progress Status	Complete - production of the data has been completed Historical archive - data has been stored in an offline storage facility
Data Update Frequency	As needed
Purpose	This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis.
Use Limitations	accessLevel: Public Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.

Dataset Citation	Cite as: Evans, Wiley; Pocock, Katie; Weekes, Carrie; Hales, Burke; Monacci, Natalie M. (2022). High-resolution record of surface seawater CO2 content from 2016-08 to 2019-05 from the OceansAlaska Shellfish Hatchery in Ketchikan, Alaska, USA (NCEI Accession 0246099). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/kmam-ct93. Accessed [date].
Cited Authors	Evans, Wiley Hakai Institute Pocock, Katie Hakai Institute Weekes, Carrie Hakai Institute Hales, Burke Oregon State University (OSU) Monacci, Natalie M. University of Alaska Fairbanks
Principal Investigators	Wiley Evans Hakai Institute Katie Pocock Hakai Institute Carrie Weekes Hakai Institute Burke Hales Oregon State University (OSU) Natalie M. Monacci University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF)
Contributors	Oregon State University (OSU) Hakai Institute
Resource Providers	Wiley Evans Hakai Institute Hakai Institute
Publishers	NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
Acknowledgments	Funding Information: Tula Foundation (OAP, 20220113)

Theme keywords	NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere SALINITY - SURFACE WATER WATER TEMPERATURE NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS chemical continuous physical surface measurements time series WMO_CategoryCode oceanography Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE > PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > CLIMATE INDICATORS > ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS > SURFACE SALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY OCADS Study Type Surface measurement Time series Provider Variable Abbreviations SST Salinity seawater pCO2
Data Center keywords	NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Hakai Institute Oregon State University NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Hakai Institute
Platform keywords	NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS UNKNOWN PLATFORMS OF CANADA
Instrument keywords	NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer salinometer temperature sensor Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS EQUILIBRATORS SALINOMETERS TEMPERATURE SENSORS > TEMPERATURE SENSORS
Place keywords	NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS Gulf of Alaska North Pacific Ocean Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN > GULF OF ALASKA Provider Geographic Names Gulf of Alaska Ketchikan North Pacific Ocean Southeast Alaska Coast
Project keywords	NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) US DOC; NOAA; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) EXPOCODE 189920160829 Ocean Acidification Search Keywords Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project Reference Section ID Coastal
Keywords	NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 0246099

Use Constraints	Cite as: Evans, Wiley; Pocock, Katie; Weekes, Carrie; Hales, Burke; Monacci, Natalie M. (2022). High-resolution record of surface seawater CO2 content from 2016-08 to 2019-05 from the OceansAlaska Shellfish Hatchery in Ketchikan, Alaska, USA (NCEI Accession 0246099). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/kmam-ct93. Accessed [date].
Access Constraints	Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
Fees	In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.

Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps	2022-01-27T21:54:13Z - NCEI Accession 0246099 v1.1 was published.
Output Datasets	NCEI Accession 0246099 v1.1 NCEI Accession 0246099 v1.1 (download) published 2022-01-27T21:54:13Z

Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps	Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: seawater pCO2; Unit: µatm; Observation type: Measurements from continuously flowing seawater stream; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: Calculated from measured CO2 mole fractions (xCO2) and ambient atmospheric pressure; Sampling instrument: equilibrator; Location of seawater intake: Seawater drawn from 4.3-m (14 feet) depth to the OceansAlaska Shellfish Hatchery barge in Ketchikan; southeast Alaska; 55.3150°N, 131.5954°W; Depth of seawater intake: 4.3-m; Analyzing instrument: Dakunalytics, LLC Burke-o-Lator (BoL) pCO2/TCO2 analyzer with LI-COR LI-840A; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Seawater pCO2 data were calculated from corrected measurements of CO2 mixing ratio (xCO2) made using a Dakunalytics, LLC Burke-o-Lator pCO2/TCO2 analyzer following many recommended protocols by Pierrot et al. (2009) with the system theory and calculations described in detail elsewhere (Hales et al., 2004). Seawater continuously flowed between 0.5 and 1 gpm first through a Sea-Bird SBE45 thermosalinograph and into a bubble-type equilibrator. Seawater supplied to the equilibrator enters the top of the equilibration chamber through a vertical tube before contacting a dispersion plate that diverts seawater radically. Carrier gas (marine air) is pumped into the bubble-type equilibrator from the BoL electronics box at ~200 ml min-1 and enters the equilibration chamber through drip garden hose tubing positioned around the seawater dispersion plate in order to maximize the bubble production and subsequent equilibration of the carrier gas in the chamber. Full equilibration was verified by injecting high and low CO2 gas standard into the equilibration chamber and verifying carrier gas concentrations returned to the same pre-disturbance xCO2. These tests also revealed the response time of the equilibrator to be ~5 mins. Equilibrated carrier gas is then supplied to a non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer (LI-COR LI840A CO2/H2O) housed within the BoL electronics box. Carrier gas is then recirculated through the system, minimizing the need for make-up by the equilibrator. Pressure and temperature were continuously measured in the equilibrator using an Omega Pressure Sensor and Fast Response Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD), respectively. The RTD periodically stopped reporting data, so the thermosalinograph temperature is taken here to equal equilibrator temperature as these components were adjacent to each other and there was very close agreement between the RTD and the thermosalinograph. Equilibrated carrier gas, four standard gases of known mixing ratio (149.3, 451, and 752 ppm; Scott-Marin, Inc.), and unaltered marine air were all plumbed to provide gas flow to the BoL electronics box. The BoL is controlled using National Instruments LabVIEW software run on an iMac computer. The software controls data acquisition from the thermosalinograph, the pressure and temperature sensors, and the LI-COR; while also controlling Valco Instruments Co. Inc. (VICI) multi-port actuators that cycle between the gas streams plumbed to the electronics box. None of the gas streams were dried prior to analysis, and all measurements were made at 1 Hz. The prescribed measurement scheme controlled by the software was to supply equilibrated carrier gas from the equilibrator to the LI-COR continuously for 720 minutes, then cycle the actuators to consecutively allow the four standard gas streams and unaltered marine air to be measured for 90 s at 100 ml min-1 before returning to sample the carrier gas equilibrated with seawater xCO2. From each sequence of standard gas measurements, the final 20 s of data in the 50 s interval before the actuator changed position were used to construct calibration functions that were then interpolated in time between standard gas sequences. These functions were then used to calibrate the xCO2 measurements of seawater equilibrated carrier gas. Corrected seawater xCO2 was subsequently adjusted for under-pressurization in the equilibrator using the ratio of equilibrator to vented LI-COR cell pressure, and then converted to pCO2 using atmospheric pressure measured by the LI-COR. The 1 Hz seawater pCO2, temperature and salinity data were quality controlled, and then bin-averaged in 5-min interval bins. pCO2 at the equilibrator temperature was adjusted to sea surface temperature using the mean observed temperature difference between the Sea-Bird SBE45 thermosalinograph and a SAMI-Alk system deployed for a 3-week period (April 5-30, 2019) at the seawater intake.; Equilibrator type: non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer; Standardization technique: xCO2 calibration functions developed during periodic sequential analysis of gas standards of known concentration (149.3, 451, and 752 ppm; Praxair); Standardization frequency: Every 720 minutes; Standard gas manufacturer: Praxair, Inc.; Standard gas uncertainty: 2 ppm for calibrated xCO2; ~2 µatm for pCO2; Uncertainty: 2 µatm; Quality flag convention: no quality flag applied; Method reference: Hales, B., D. Chipman, and T. Takahashi (2004), High-frequency measurements of partial pressure and total concentration of carbon dioxide in seawater using microporous hydrophobic membrane contactors, Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 2, 356-364; Pierrot, D., C. Neill, K. Sullivan, R. Castle, R. Wanninkhof, H. Lüger, T. Johannessen, A. Olsen, R. A. Feely, and C. E. Cosca (2009), Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512-522, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005; Evans, W., Pocock, K., Hare, A., Weekes, C., Hales, B., Jackson, J., Gurney-Smith, H., Mathis, J.T., Alin, S.R., and Feely, R.A. 2019. Marine CO2 Patterns in the Northern Salish Sea. Frontiers in Marine Science 5(536): https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00536.; Researcher name: Wiley Evans; Researcher institution: Hakai Institute. Parameter or Variable: Sea surface temperature; Abbreviation: SST; Unit: °C, ITS-90 scale; Observation type: Measurements from continuously flowing seawater stream; Analyzing instrument: Sea-Bird SBE 45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 1 Hz data captured using National Instruments LabVIEW software on an iMac computer; Uncertainty: 0.002°C; Researcher name: Wiley Evans; Researcher institution: Hakai Institute. Parameter or Variable: Sea surface salinity; Abbreviation: Salinity; Unit: 1978 Practical Salinity Scale; Observation type: measurements from continuously flowing seawater stream; Calculation method and parameters: calculated from conductivity and temperature measurements; Analyzing instrument: SBE 45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 1 Hz data captured using National Instruments LabVIEW software on an iMac computer; Uncertainty: 0.003 S/m; Researcher name: Wiley Evans; Researcher institution: Hakai Institute .

Lineage information for: dataset

Processing Steps

Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: seawater pCO2; Unit: µatm; Observation type: Measurements from continuously flowing seawater stream; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: Calculated from measured CO2 mole fractions (xCO2) and ambient atmospheric pressure; Sampling instrument: equilibrator; Location of seawater intake: Seawater drawn from 4.3-m (14 feet) depth to the OceansAlaska Shellfish Hatchery barge in Ketchikan; southeast Alaska; 55.3150°N, 131.5954°W; Depth of seawater intake: 4.3-m; Analyzing instrument: Dakunalytics, LLC Burke-o-Lator (BoL) pCO2/TCO2 analyzer with LI-COR LI-840A; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Seawater pCO2 data were calculated from corrected measurements of CO2 mixing ratio (xCO2) made using a Dakunalytics, LLC Burke-o-Lator pCO2/TCO2 analyzer following many recommended protocols by Pierrot et al. (2009) with the system theory and calculations described in detail elsewhere (Hales et al., 2004). Seawater continuously flowed between 0.5 and 1 gpm first through a Sea-Bird SBE45 thermosalinograph and into a bubble-type equilibrator. Seawater supplied to the equilibrator enters the top of the equilibration chamber through a vertical tube before contacting a dispersion plate that diverts seawater radically. Carrier gas (marine air) is pumped into the bubble-type equilibrator from the BoL electronics box at ~200 ml min-1 and enters the equilibration chamber through drip garden hose tubing positioned around the seawater dispersion plate in order to maximize the bubble production and subsequent equilibration of the carrier gas in the chamber. Full equilibration was verified by injecting high and low CO2 gas standard into the equilibration chamber and verifying carrier gas concentrations returned to the same pre-disturbance xCO2. These tests also revealed the response time of the equilibrator to be ~5 mins. Equilibrated carrier gas is then supplied to a non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer (LI-COR LI840A CO2/H2O) housed within the BoL electronics box. Carrier gas is then recirculated through the system, minimizing the need for make-up by the equilibrator. Pressure and temperature were continuously measured in the equilibrator using an Omega Pressure Sensor and Fast Response Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD), respectively. The RTD periodically stopped reporting data, so the thermosalinograph temperature is taken here to equal equilibrator temperature as these components were adjacent to each other and there was very close agreement between the RTD and the thermosalinograph. Equilibrated carrier gas, four standard gases of known mixing ratio (149.3, 451, and 752 ppm; Scott-Marin, Inc.), and unaltered marine air were all plumbed to provide gas flow to the BoL electronics box. The BoL is controlled using National Instruments LabVIEW software run on an iMac computer. The software controls data acquisition from the thermosalinograph, the pressure and temperature sensors, and the LI-COR; while also controlling Valco Instruments Co. Inc. (VICI) multi-port actuators that cycle between the gas streams plumbed to the electronics box. None of the gas streams were dried prior to analysis, and all measurements were made at 1 Hz. The prescribed measurement scheme controlled by the software was to supply equilibrated carrier gas from the equilibrator to the LI-COR continuously for 720 minutes, then cycle the actuators to consecutively allow the four standard gas streams and unaltered marine air to be measured for 90 s at 100 ml min-1 before returning to sample the carrier gas equilibrated with seawater xCO2. From each sequence of standard gas measurements, the final 20 s of data in the 50 s interval before the actuator changed position were used to construct calibration functions that were then interpolated in time between standard gas sequences. These functions were then used to calibrate the xCO2 measurements of seawater equilibrated carrier gas. Corrected seawater xCO2 was subsequently adjusted for under-pressurization in the equilibrator using the ratio of equilibrator to vented LI-COR cell pressure, and then converted to pCO2 using atmospheric pressure measured by the LI-COR. The 1 Hz seawater pCO2, temperature and salinity data were quality controlled, and then bin-averaged in 5-min interval bins. pCO2 at the equilibrator temperature was adjusted to sea surface temperature using the mean observed temperature difference between the Sea-Bird SBE45 thermosalinograph and a SAMI-Alk system deployed for a 3-week period (April 5-30, 2019) at the seawater intake.; Equilibrator type: non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer; Standardization technique: xCO2 calibration functions developed during periodic sequential analysis of gas standards of known concentration (149.3, 451, and 752 ppm; Praxair); Standardization frequency: Every 720 minutes; Standard gas manufacturer: Praxair, Inc.; Standard gas uncertainty: 2 ppm for calibrated xCO2; ~2 µatm for pCO2; Uncertainty: 2 µatm; Quality flag convention: no quality flag applied; Method reference: Hales, B., D. Chipman, and T. Takahashi (2004), High-frequency measurements of partial pressure and total concentration of carbon dioxide in seawater using microporous hydrophobic membrane contactors, Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 2, 356-364; Pierrot, D., C. Neill, K. Sullivan, R. Castle, R. Wanninkhof, H. Lüger, T. Johannessen, A. Olsen, R. A. Feely, and C. E. Cosca (2009), Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512-522, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005; Evans, W., Pocock, K., Hare, A., Weekes, C., Hales, B., Jackson, J., Gurney-Smith, H., Mathis, J.T., Alin, S.R., and Feely, R.A. 2019. Marine CO2 Patterns in the Northern Salish Sea. Frontiers in Marine Science 5(536): https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00536.; Researcher name: Wiley Evans; Researcher institution: Hakai Institute.
Parameter or Variable: Sea surface temperature; Abbreviation: SST; Unit: °C, ITS-90 scale; Observation type: Measurements from continuously flowing seawater stream; Analyzing instrument: Sea-Bird SBE 45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 1 Hz data captured using National Instruments LabVIEW software on an iMac computer; Uncertainty: 0.002°C; Researcher name: Wiley Evans; Researcher institution: Hakai Institute.
Parameter or Variable: Sea surface salinity; Abbreviation: Salinity; Unit: 1978 Practical Salinity Scale; Observation type: measurements from continuously flowing seawater stream; Calculation method and parameters: calculated from conductivity and temperature measurements; Analyzing instrument: SBE 45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: 1 Hz data captured using National Instruments LabVIEW software on an iMac computer; Uncertainty: 0.003 S/m; Researcher name: Wiley Evans; Researcher institution: Hakai Institute .

Acquisition Information (collection)
Instrument	bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer salinometer temperature sensor
Platform	UNKNOWN PLATFORMS OF CANADA

Last Modified: 2024-06-10T13:21:31Z
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High-resolution record of surface seawater CO2 content from 2016-08 to 2019-05 from the OceansAlaska Shellfish Hatchery in Ketchikan, Alaska, USA (NCEI Accession 0246099)

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