Instrument Types

Table V2. Controlled vocabularies for instrument types. NVS is short for NERC Vocabulary Server (NVS) (link: https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/). SDN is short for SeaDataNet. “n.a.” is short for “not available”.

No.	Instrument type	NVS term [ID] and link	Description
1	CTD Rosette	N.A.	A CTD rosette consists of a metal frame that houses a collection of sensors and water sampling bottles (e.g., Niskin).
2	CTD sensor	CTD [SDN:L05::130] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/	The acronym CTD stands for Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth, which are the three primary variables measured by a CTD sensor.
3	Niskin bottle	Discrete water samplers [SDN:L05::30] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/30/	A Niskin bottle is a type of sampling device used in oceanography to collect water samples at different depths. It is named after the inventor, Shale Niskin, who developed the device in the 1960s.
4	Flow-through system	Continuous water samplers [SDN:L05::31] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/31/	A flow-through system on a research vessel or ship of opportunity is a system designed to continuously pump seawater from the ocean into the laboratory for scientific research.
5	Thermosalinograph	Thermosalinographs [SDN:L05::133] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/133/	A Thermosalinograph (TSG) is an instrument used to measure seawater temperature and salinity.
6	Salinometer for discrete salinity measurement	Salinometers [SDN:L05::LAB30] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB30/	Salinometers work based on the principle of conductivity. They measure the electrical conductivity of the water, which is directly related to its salinity.
7	DIC analyzers based on Coulometers	N.A.	DIC coulometers are widely used in oceanographic research to measure the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater samples. They are often coupled with computer-controlled automated dynamic headspace analyzers that extracts total carbon dioxide from seawater using Single-Operator Multiparameter Metabolic Analyzers (SOMMAs)
8	DIC analyzers based on CO2 gas detectors	N.A.	DIC analyzers based on a CO2 gas detector including Non-dispersive infrared absorption (NDIR) (e.g., Licor LI-850), Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (e.g., Licor’s LI-7815), and Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) (e.g., Picarro G2131i) detectors.
9	Autonomous DIC sensor	Inorganic carbon analysers [SDN:L05::86] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/86/	Autonomous dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) sensors are devices that can measure the concentration of DIC in seawater or other natural waters in situ, without the need for manual sampling and laboratory analysis.
10	Alkalinity titrator	Titrators [SDN:L05::LAB12] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB12/	An alkalinity titrator is a device used to measure the total alkalinity of a seawater by titration.
11	Autonomous TA sensor	N.A.	Autonomous total alkalinity (TA) sensors are devices that can measure the concentration of TA in seawater or other natural waters in situ, without the need for manual sampling and laboratory analysis.
12	Showerhead equilibrator	Equilibrators [SDN:L05::EQUIL] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/EQUIL/	This type of equilibrator works by spraying seawater into a gas chamber, allowing the CO2 in the water to equilibrate with a gas mixture in the chamber.
13	Floating air-water equilibrator	Equilibrators [SDN:L05::EQUIL] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/EQUIL/	An “h”-shaped bubble equilibrator assembly commonly used in MAPCO2 systems on moorings. For more information, refer to Friederich et al. (1995).
14	Membrane equilibrator	Equilibrators [SDN:L05::EQUIL] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/EQUIL/	While seawater is passed through a membrane, CO2 in the water diffuses across the membrane and equilibrates with the gas mixture, which is then analyzed to determine the CO2 concentration.
15	Flask for discrete carbon dioxide measurement	N.A.	Such flasks are typically made of glass and have a capacity of around one liter. Seawater samples are collected from a specific depth using a Niskin bottle or other sampling device and transferred to the flask without exposing them to the air. The flask is then sealed with a stopper and transported to the laboratory for analysis.
16	Spectrophotometer	Spectrophotometers [SDN:L05::LAB20] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB20/	A spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the amount of light absorbed or transmitted by a sample. It is commonly used for high quality pH measurements.
17	Handheld pH spectrophotometer	N.A.	One example of a handheld pH spectrophotometer is the “pHyter”. Refer to Pardis et al. (2022) for more details.
18	pH electrode	pH sensors [SDN:L05::355] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/355/	A pH electrode, sometimes referred to as a pH probe or pH sensor, is a glass device used to measure the pH of a solution.
19	Sea-Bird SeaFET	Satlantic SeaFET V1 pH sensor [SDN:L22::TOOL1292] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL1292/ Satlantic SeaFET V2 {Sea- Bird Scientific} (shallow) pH sensor [SDN:L22::TOOL1293] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL1293/	Sea-Bird SeaFET is a type of oceanographic instrument that is used to measure the pH of seawater in real-time.
20	Oxygen titrator	Titrators [SDN:L05::LAB12] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB12/	An oxygen titrator is a device used to measure the concentration of dis- solved oxygen in a water sample, as required for the Winkler method.
21	Oxygen sensor	Dissolved gas sensors [SDN:L05::351] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/351/	An oxygen sensor or probe or sond, is an electronic device that measures the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the ocean.
22	Sea-Bird SeapHOx	Sea-Bird SBE SeapHOx V2 conductivity, temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen system [SDN:L22::TOOL1895] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL1895/	Sea-Bird SeapHOx is a type of oceanographic instrument that measures both the pH and dissolved oxygen concentration of seawater in real- time.
23	YSI	YSI Incorporated [SDN:B75:: ORG00475/] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/B75/current/ORG00475/	YSI (Yellow Springs Instruments) is a company that produces a variety of water quality monitoring instruments. The YSI sensors are designed to measure a wide range of parameters, including temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen.
24	Nutrient analyzer	Nutrient analysers [SDN:L05::181] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/181/	A nutrient analyzer is a device used to measure the concentration of nutrients, such as nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate, in water samples.
25	Fluorometers	Fluorometers [SDN:L05::113] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/113/	Fluorometers can detect chlorophyll a by transmitting an excitation beam of light in the blue range and by detecting the light fluoresced by cells or chlorophyll in a sample.
26	High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)	High performance liquid chromatographs [SDN:L05::LAB11] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB11/	High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a powerful analytical technique used in chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmaceutical industries to separate, identify, and quantify individual components in a mixture.
27	Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP)	Current profilers [SDN:L05::115] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/115/	Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), is a type of instrument used to measure water currents in oceans, rivers, and other bodies of water.
28	Mass spectrometers	Mass spectrometers [SDN:L05::LAB16] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/	A mass spectrometer is an analytical instrument used to measure and identify the mass and abundance of atoms and molecules in a sample.
29	Isotope ratio mass spectrometers (IRMS)	Isotope ratio mass spectrometers [SDN:L05::LAB48] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB48/	An isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) is a scientific instrument used to measure the isotopic composition of a sample.
30	Barometric pressure sensor	Meteorological packages [SDN:L05::102] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/102/	A barometric pressure sensor is a device that measures atmospheric pressure, which is the pressure exerted by the weight of the Earth's atmosphere.
31	Microscopes	Optical microscopes [SDN:L05::LAB05] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB05/	A microscope is an instrument used to observe and magnify objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.
32	Scanning Electron Microscopes	Electron microscopes [SDN:L05::LAB07] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB07/	A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of microscope that uses a focused beam of electrons to create high-resolution images of the surface of a specimen.
33	Biological trawl	Pelagic trawl nets [SDN:L05::23] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/23/	A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of microscope that uses a focused beam of electrons to create high-resolution images of the surface of a specimen.
34	Phytoplankton net	Plankton nets [SDN:L05::22] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/22/	Phytoplankton net is used to collect and identify phytoplankton, which are microscopic plants that form the base of the marine food web.
35	Zooplankton net	Plankton nets [SDN:L05::22] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/22/	Zooplankton net is used to collect and identify zooplankton, which are microscopic animals that feed on phytoplankton and are important prey for many marine organisms.
36	Flow cytometers	Flow cytometers [SDN:L05::LAB37] http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB37/	A flow cytometer is a scientific instrument used to analyze and sort cells or particles in a liquid suspension based on their physical and chemical properties.
37	eDNA sampler	N.A.	Environmental DNA (eDNA) samplers: used to collect and analyze genetic material shed by marine organisms, which can provide information about their distribution, abundance, and diversity.

Citation:
Jiang, L.-Q., Subhas, A., Basso, D., Fennel, K., and Gattuso, J.-P. (2023). Data reporting and sharing for ocean alkalinity enhancement research, in: Guide to Best Practices in Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Research (OAE Guide 23), edited by: Oschlies, A., Stevenson, A., Bach, L., Fennel, K., Rickaby, R., Satterfield, T., Webb, R., and Gattuso, J.-P., Copernicus Publications, State Planet, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-13-2023.