A multi-stressor data product for marine heatwave, hypoxia, and ocean acidification research, including calculated inorganic carbon parameters from the southern Salish Sea and northern California Current System from 2008-02-04 to 2018-10-19.

by Simone R. Alin¹, Jan Newton², Richard A. Feely¹, Dana Greeley¹, Julian Herndon³ and Alex Kozyr⁴

¹Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
²Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
³Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
⁴National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA

OCADS Project Metadata Page        Database Files (Please see Copyright and Fair Data Use information at the bottom of this page)       

Figure caption

Infographic illustrating the climate-driven stressors in coastal and estuarine ecosystems (warming, hypoxia, and acidification) and their potential influences on other processes such as primary production, respiration, and calcification and ecological phenomena like harmful algal blooms, disease, and other species impacts. This data product includes only the highest quality physical and biogeochemical data from the compiled Salish cruise data package (i.e., with quality control flags of 2). While the original data package included only directly measured variables (and unit conversions), in this data product we provide the most commonly used calculated parameters in the marine inorganic carbon system, to facilitate multiple stressor studies in the southern Salish Sea and northern California Current System. Image created by Hunter Hadaway and Simone Alin.

Abstract

Northeastern Pacific coastal and estuarine ecosystems are experiencing rapidly changing ocean conditions, including intense heatwaves, increasing hypoxia, and rapid acidification. High-quality observations are essential for characterizing natural variability in ocean conditions and extreme events, establishing appropriate conditions for biological studies, validating coupled physical-biogeochemical models, and providing context for observed ecosystem impacts. Here we provide a climate-quality data product including measurements of temperature, salinity, nutrients, and recommended oxygen values in all commonly used units (mg/L, mL/L, and µmol/kg-seawater), along with measured and calculated inorganic system parameters. Calculated values are often not archived with measured values for the inorganic carbon system. We provide them here with the goal of increasing accessibility of this important information about coastal and estuarine stressors and their variability to a broader audience of end users, who may not have expertise in performing inorganic carbon calculations themselves.
This data product is based on the (Salish cruise data package ). We used the seacarb package in R (function carb) to calculate the most commonly used derived carbonate system parameters, including pH, partial pressures and fugacities of carbon dioxide at in situ temperatures and pressures (pCO2insitu, and fCO2insitu, respectively), and aragonite and calcite saturation states (OmegaAragonite and OmegaCalcite, respectively) (Gattuso et al., 2023). Input parameters from the Salish cruise compiled data set (Alin et al. 2021) comprised dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC_UMOL_KG), total alkalinity (TA_UMOL_KG), phosphate (PHOSPHATE_UMOL_KG), and silicate (SILICATE_UMOL_KG) content values from bottle samples analyzed in the laboratory, along with CTD measurements of temperature (CTDTMP_DEG_C_ITS90), salinity (CTDSAL_PSS78), and pressure (CTDPRS_DBAR). Within seacarb, we used the TEOS-10 thermodynamic seawater equations (IOC, SCOR, and IAPSO, 2010). We adopted the total scale for pH (pHT), the Uppstrom (1974) formulation for deriving total boron concentration from salinity, the seacarb default option for Kf (Perez and Fraga, 1987 for temperatures above 9 °C; Dickson and Goyet, 1994 for those below), and the Dickson (Dickson, 1990) option for Ks (following results of Orr et al., 2015). All input content data were first divided by 10^6 to convert from µmol kg–1 to mol kg–1, and pressure (in decibars) was divided by 10 to convert to bar, to conform with the default units of seacarb. For equilibrium constants (K1 and K2), we provide calculated values using both the Lueker et al. (2000) and the Waters et al. (2014) dissociation constants. The Lueker constants (for salinity ranges of 19–43 and temperature ranges of 2–35°C) facilitate comparison with publications arising from West Coast Ocean Acidification (WCOA) cruise data sets (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/Coastal/WCOA.html), whereas the Waters constants (for salinity ranges of 1–50 and temperature ranges of 0–50°C) allow users working with more brackish salinities to compare their results directly to those in the Salish cruise data product. All references above are included in the seacarb documentation (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/seacarb/seacarb.pdf ). Alin et al. (2023b) describe the magnitude of differences in calculated values for the Salish cruise data product using the two different sets of dissociation constants. The data product is available on the Index page accessed by clicking the Database Files link above: The file “SalishCruises_2008to2018_MeasCalcParams_NCEIdataProduct_09262023.csv” contains 3971 complete records of DIC, TA, T, S, O2, and nutrient measurements with the highest quality QC flags and includes calculated values for the carbonate system parameters described above.
Alin et al. (2023a) describe the observational data package this data product is derived from. Alin et al. (2023b) use this data product to characterize the seasonality of physical and biogeochemical parameters in the southern Salish Sea and adjoining coastal waters during 2014–2018, the most regularly sampled period of the Salish cruise time-series, and also describe the response of ocean conditions to a series of strong, protracted environmental anomalies that occurred.

Please cite this data product as::
Alin, Simone R.; Newton, Jan; Feely, Richard A.; Greeley, Dana; Herndon, Julian; and Kozyr, Alex (2023). A multi-stressor data product for marine heatwave, hypoxia, and ocean acidification research, including calculated inorganic carbon parameters from the southern Salish Sea and northern California Current System from 2008-02-04 to 2018-10-19 (NCEI Accession 0283266). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/5g29-q841..

Publications

Alin, Simone R.; Newton, Jan; Greeley, Dana; Curry, Beth; Herndon, Julian; Kozyr, Alex; Feely, Richard A. (2021). A compiled data product of profile, discrete biogeochemical measurements from 35 individual cruise data sets collected from a variety of ships in the southern Salish Sea and northern California Current System (Washington state marine waters) from 2008-02-04 to 2018-10-19 (NCEI Accession 0238424). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/zgk5-ep63.

Alin, Simone R.; Newton, Jan A.; Feely, Richard A.; Greeley, Dana; Curry, Beth; Herndon, Julian; and Warner, Mark. (2023a, in review). A decade-long cruise time-series (2008–2018) of physical and biogeochemical conditions in the southern Salish Sea, North America. Earth Systems Science Data Discussions. Paper ID: ESSD-2023-239. https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2023-239/.

Alin, Simone R.; Newton, Jan; Feely, Richard A.; Siedlecki, Samantha; and Greeley, Dana. (2023b, in review). Seasonality and response of ocean acidification and hypoxia to major environmental anomalies in the southern Salish Sea, North America (2014–2018). Biogeosciences Discussions. Paper ID: BGS-2023-181. https://bg.copernicus.org/preprints/bg-2023-181/.

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge that the land our laboratories are located on has been the home of Coast Salish people since time immemorial and that our study area encompasses the traditional and ancestral waters of the Coast Salish peoples and the Coastal Treaty Tribes of Washington. The creation of this data product was supported by the Washington Ocean Acidification Center (WOAC), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric (NOAA) Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, and NOAA’s Ocean Acidification Program (Multi-stressor Project) along with all the organizations that supported the collection of the data included in the Salish cruise data product. This is PMEL contribution number 5557. This publication was partially funded by the Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA20OAR4320271, Contribution No. 2023-1317.

COPYRIGHT AND FAIR DATA USE

Copyright — These data were produced by NOAA and the Washington Ocean Acidification Center (WOAC) and are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. NOAA and WOAC waive any potential copyright and related rights in these data worldwide through the Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0-1.0).

Fair Data Use request from data producers — Data from the Salish cruises are made freely available to the public and the scientific community in the belief that their wide dissemination will lead to greater understanding and new scientific and policy insights. The investigators sharing these data rely on the ethics and integrity of the user to ensure that the institutions and investigators involved in producing the Salish cruise data sets receive fair credit for their work, which in turn helps ensure the continuity of the observational time-series. If the data are obtained for potential use in a publication or presentation, we urge the end user to inform the investigators at the outset of this work so that we can help ensure that the quality and limitations of the data are accurately represented. If these data are essential to the work, or if an important result or conclusion depends on these data, co-authorship may be appropriate; this should be discussed at an early stage in the work. We request that manuscripts using these data be shared before they are submitted for publication. Please direct all queries about this data set to Dr. Simone Alin (simone.r.alin@noaa.gov) and Dr. Jan Newton (janewton@uw.edu).