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NCCOS Mapping: Bathymetric Lidar Waveform Metrics for Saipan, The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), 2019-07-11 to 2019-07-31 (NCEI Accession 0294340)

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This data package contains bathymetric light detection and ranging (lidar) Hawkeye-4X waveforms metrics (LWFM) for 0 to 50 meter depths around the island of Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Bathymetric lidar waveforms depict the amount of laser light returned from the seafloor recorded during each laser pulse. Typically, only the leading edge of the seafloor return is used to calculate bottom depth. However, the shape of the seafloor return also contains novel information about the physical structure and biological cover on the seafloor (Collin et al. 2011, Wilson et al. 2019). To extract this information, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) partnered with Oregon State University (OSU), NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM), Woolpert and Hexagon Leica to develop software to export, process, normalize and rasterize 16 LWFM describing the shape of the seafloor return (Jung et al. 2024; Collin et al. 2011; Parrish et al. 2014; Kashani et al. 2015; Kogut et al. 2022). The resulting LWFM rasters were used to predict the distribution of key coral reef taxa and habitats west of Saipan (Costa et al. 2024). This effort marks one of the few studies that have used LWFM to predict tropical coral reef habitats to date. These processing workflows and associated software will also make LWFM creation easier and more routine for future Hawkeye-4X lidar collections by NOAA and its partners. This project was funded by NOAA’s Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP), and leverages significant investments made by NOAA NCCOS, NOAA National Geodetic Survey, NOAA Office for Coastal Management, and the U.S. Geological Survey in the region.

Dataset Citation

Cite as: Costa, Bryan; Jung, Jaehoon; Parrish, Christopher; Sweeney, Edward (2024). NCCOS Mapping: Bathymetric Lidar Waveform Metrics for Saipan, The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), 2019-07-11 to 2019-07-31 (NCEI Accession 0294340). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/kwhk-bw94. Accessed [date].

Dataset Identifiers

ISO 19115-2 Metadata

gov.noaa.nodc:0294340

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Download Data	HTTPS (download) Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. FTP (download) These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).
Distribution Formats	Geodatabase GeoTIFF PDF Shapefile
Ordering Instructions	Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
Distributor	NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
Dataset Point of Contact	NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov

Time Period	2019-07-11 to 2019-07-31
Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates	West: 145.5872432 East: 145.8531463 South: 15.066787 North: 15.310783
Spatial Coverage Map

General Documentation

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Descriptive Information
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Associated Resources

Costa, B., Sweeney, E., & Kraus, J. (2024). Characterizing Benthic Habitats Of Western Saipan, CNMI. NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. https://doi.org/10.25923/psjm-h924
- https://doi.org/10.25923/psjm-h924
  NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 328
Collin, A., Archambault, P., & Long, B. (2011). Predicting Species Diversity of Benthic Communities within Turbid Nearshore Using Full-Waveform Bathymetric LiDAR and Machine Learners. PLoS ONE, 6(6), e21265. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021265
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021265
  Journal article
Jung, J., Parrish, C. E., Costa, B., & Yoo, S. (2024). Simultaneous invariant normalization of waveform features from bathymetric lidar, SINWav: A Saipan case study. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 214, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2024.05.024
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2024.05.024
  Journal article
Kashani, A., Olsen, M., Parrish, C., & Wilson, N. (2015). A Review of LIDAR Radiometric Processing: From Ad Hoc Intensity Correction to Rigorous Radiometric Calibration. Sensors, 15(11), 28099–28128. https://doi.org/10.3390/s151128099
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s151128099
  Journal article
Kogut, T., Tomczak, A., Słowik, A., & Oberski, T. (2022). Seabed Modelling by Means of Airborne Laser Bathymetry Data and Imbalanced Learning for Offshore Mapping. Sensors, 22(9), 3121. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093121
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093121
  Journal article
NOAA and USGS. (2019). USGS/NOAA Topobathy Lidar DEM: CNMI (Aguijan, Rota, Saipan, Tinian). Online: https://chs.coast.noaa.gov/htdata/raster5/elevation/CNMI_Topobathy_DEM_2019_9474/
- https://chs.coast.noaa.gov/htdata/raster5/elevation/CNMI_Topobathy_DEM_2019_9474/
  Topobathy Lidar DEM
Parrish, C. E., Rogers, J. N., & Calder, B. R. (2014). Assessment of Waveform Features for Lidar Uncertainty Modeling in a Coastal Salt Marsh Environment. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 11(2), 569–573. https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2013.2280182
- https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2013.2280182
  Journal article
Wilson, N., Parrish, C. E., Battista, T., Wright, C. W., Costa, B., Slocum, R. K., Dijkstra, J. A., & Tyler, M. T. (2019). Mapping Seafloor Relative Reflectance and Assessing Coral Reef Morphology with EAARL-B Topobathymetric Lidar Waveforms. Estuaries and Coasts, 45(4), 923–937. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-019-00652-9
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-019-00652-9
  Journal article
Woolpert. (2019). Lidar Mapping Report: Project ID - 17502, Work Unit - 219835. NOAA CONTRACT NUMBER: EA-133C-16-CQ-0046 and USGS CONTRACT NUMBER: G16PC00022.
- https://rockyweb.usgs.gov/vdelivery/Datasets/Staged/Elevation/metadata/PI_CNMI_2019_D19/PI_CNMI_hydroflattened_ellipsoid_2019/reports/PI_CNMI_2019_D19_Lidar_Mapping_Report_Hydroflattened_Ellipsoid_WU219835.pdf
  Journal article
Predicting Coral Morphology to Inform the Protective Capacity of Coral Reefs Around Saipan, CNMI
- https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/project/predicting-coral-morphology-to-inform-the-protective-capacity-of-coral-reefs-around-saipan-cnmi/
  National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) Project Web Page
Characterizing Benthic Habitats Around Saipan, CNMI to Support RICHARD Campaign
- https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/project/characterizing-benthic-habitats-around-saipan-cnmi-to-support-marianas-campaign/
  National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) Project Web Page
Saipan Shallow-water Benthic Habitat Online Web Viewer
- https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/7b6c0e7164234182985a89d5b5703475
  Online Web Viewer
Costa, Bryan; Sweeney, Edward; Kraus, Jennifer (2024). NCCOS Mapping: Characterizing Benthic Habitats West of Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), 2018-11-05 to 2022-04-29 (NCEI Accession 0291792). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/m0f6-3b26.
- https://doi.org/10.25921/m0f6-3b26
  Associated NCEI data accession
Costa, Bryan; Sweeney, Edward (2024). NCCOS Mapping: Characterizing Submerged Lands Around Naval Base Guam, Mariana Islands, 2016-01-11 to 2022-05-13 (NCEI Accession 0292018). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/wg96-cq17.
- https://doi.org/10.25921/wg96-cq17
  Associated NCEI data accession

Publication Dates	publication: 2024-06-29
Data Presentation Form	Digital table - digital representation of facts or figures systematically displayed, especially in columns
Dataset Progress Status	Complete - production of the data has been completed Historical archive - data has been stored in an offline storage facility
Data Update Frequency	As needed
Supplemental Information	Submission Package ID: 4LKG6E
Purpose	The purpose of this effort was to develop standardized processes and software to extract, normalize and rasterize bathymetric lidar waveform metrics (LWFM). LWFM have shown promise to enhance NOAA’s ability to predict and map the location of benthic habitats (Collin et al. 2011), including coral reefs (Wilson et al. 2019). The study site for this research was 0 to 50 meter depths around the island of Saipan in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). This area was selected because its shallow-water coral reefs include ecologically and economically valuable coral taxa, which have been stressed by multiple typhoons and warm-water bleaching events over the last decade. In response to these disasters, NOAA and USGS contracted Woolpert to acquire Hawkeye-4X topographic-bathymetric lidar data around coastal areas of CNMI, including Saipan (Woolpert 2019; NOAA and USGS 2019). These data were used to understand impacts from these disasters in the region, including the damage done to the surrounding coral reefs. The LWFM were used by NOAA NCCOS to create updated coral reef maps for local resource managers on Saipan (Costa et al. 2024).
Use Limitations	accessLevel: Public Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.

Dataset Citation	Cite as: Costa, Bryan; Jung, Jaehoon; Parrish, Christopher; Sweeney, Edward (2024). NCCOS Mapping: Bathymetric Lidar Waveform Metrics for Saipan, The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), 2019-07-11 to 2019-07-31 (NCEI Accession 0294340). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/kwhk-bw94. Accessed [date].
Cited Authors	Costa, Bryan US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Jung, Jaehoon Gyeongsang National University, Department of Urban Engineering Parrish, Christopher Oregon State University (OSU); School of Civil and Construction Engineering Sweeney, Edward US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science
Principal Investigators	Bryan Costa US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) Christopher Parrish Oregon State University (OSU) Jaehoon Jung Gyeongsang National University, Department of Urban Engineering
Collaborators	US DOC; NOAA; NOS; Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Hexagon Leica Geosystems Woolpert
Contributors	US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)
Resource Providers	US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)
Points of Contact	Bryan Costa US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) NCCOS Data Manager US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)
Publishers	NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
Acknowledgments	Related Funding Agency: US DOC; NOAA; NOS; Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) Related Funding Agency: US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science

Theme keywords	NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS BATHYMETRY HABITAT - BENTHIC images NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS GIS product in situ WMO_CategoryCode oceanography CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Geographic Information > Backscatter Geographic Information > Bathymetry Geographic Information > LiDAR Geographic Information > Marine Management Areas Map Images > Backscatter Map Images > Bathymetry Numeric Data Sets > Backscatter Numeric Data Sets > Bathymetry Numeric Data Sets > Benthic CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > GIS EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping > Habitat Mapping EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Backscatter EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Bathymetry EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Rugosity EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Slope EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Water Depth EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Habitats Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOSYSTEMS > MARINE ECOSYSTEMS > BENTHIC EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > BATHYMETRY NCCOS Research Areas Marine Spatial Ecology > Habitat Mapping NCCOS Research Data Types Derived Data Product Field Observation Geospatial Provider Keywords Imagery LWFM Lidar waveform metrics Provider Observation Categories other - remotely sensed
Data Center keywords	NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Contributing Organizations Gyeongsang National University, Department of Urban Engineering Oregon State University, School of Civil and Construction Engineering US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science US DOC; NOAA; NOS; Office for Coastal Management Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords DOC/NOAA/NOS/NCCOS > National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
Instrument keywords	NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS LIDAR Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords LIDAR > Light Detection and Ranging Provider Instruments SINWav software light detection and ranging
Place keywords	NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS North Pacific Ocean Philippine Sea CoRIS Place Thesaurus COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Northern Mariana Islands > Saipan > Chalan Kanoa (15N145E0012) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Northern Mariana Islands > Saipan > Saipan Island (15N145E0002) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Saipan Island > Chalan Kanoa (15N145E0012) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Saipan Island > Saipan Island (15N145E0002) Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN NCCOS Regions of Study U.S. States and Territories > CNMI Waterbodies > Pacific Ocean Provider Place Names Lighthouse Reef Trochus Sanctuary Mariana Islands > Saipan Mañagaha Marine Conservation Area Pacific Ocean
Project keywords	NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) CORAL REEF STUDIES CRCP Project 31309 Predicting coral morphology across space to inform the protective capacity of coral reefs in CNMI Provider Project Names NCCOS Project, [Characterizing Benthic Habitats Around Saipan, CNMI to Support RICHARD Campaign] NCCOS Project, [Predicting Coral Morphology to Inform the Protective Capacity of Coral Reefs Around Saipan, CNMI] NGS Project [USGS/NOAA Topobathy Lidar DEM: CNMI (Aguijan, Rota, Saipan, Tinian)]
Keywords	NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 0294340

Use Constraints	Cite as: Costa, Bryan; Jung, Jaehoon; Parrish, Christopher; Sweeney, Edward (2024). NCCOS Mapping: Bathymetric Lidar Waveform Metrics for Saipan, The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), 2019-07-11 to 2019-07-31 (NCEI Accession 0294340). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/kwhk-bw94. Accessed [date].
Access Constraints	Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
Fees	In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.

Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps	2024-06-29T02:51:10Z - NCEI Accession 0294340 v1.1 was published.
Output Datasets	NCEI Accession 0294340 v1.1 NCEI Accession 0294340 v1.1 (download) published 2024-06-29T02:51:10Z

Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps	Parameter or Variable: Imagery (measured); Units: multiple (relative units); Observation Category: other - remotely sensed; Sampling Instrument: light detection and ranging; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The Hawkeye-4X lidar sensor was used to acquire bathymetric lidar waveforms in 0 to 50 meter depths around Saipan, CNMI. Lidar sensors actively pulse light to measure the elevation and/or depth of the landscape and seafloor. The shape of these waveforms can also be described to further characterize the seafloor. Here, bathymetric lidar waveform metrics (LWFM) were processed and normalized using software called SINWav (Jung et al., 2024) to produce seamless mosaics free of seamlines, discontinuities, and other artifacts. The input consists solely of an unorganized point cloud acquired by an airborne lidar system, without the need for supplemental data such as flight line trajectories. A sparse matrix representation was created to rasterize the bathymetric lidar point cloud data, and normalize LWFM among flight lines. The full processing methods are described in Jung et al., 2024. The resulting LWFM images are valuable tools for natural resource managers and researchers because they provide baseline information about the location, extent and physical composition of seafloor habitats.; Data Quality Method: The LiDAR data was collected for Saipan from 11 JUL to 31 JUL 2019. The bathymetry was geo‐referenced horizontally to the North American Datum 1983 (NAD83), Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 55 North (UTM 55N, meters) and vertically to the Northern Marianas Vertical Datum of 2003 (NMVD03, meters) coordinate systems. All lidar data for this project were collected to meet National Geospatial Program Lidar Base Specification Version 1.3 QL1 standard, while simultaneously acquiring bathymetric lidar data at National Coastal Mapping Strategy 1.0 QL2b standard. The Root Mean Square Delta z (RMSDz) was 0.033 for Saipan when comparing adjacent flight lines. For more information, please see NOAA and USGS 2019..

Lineage information for: dataset

Processing Steps

Parameter or Variable: Imagery (measured); Units: multiple (relative units); Observation Category: other - remotely sensed; Sampling Instrument: light detection and ranging; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The Hawkeye-4X lidar sensor was used to acquire bathymetric lidar waveforms in 0 to 50 meter depths around Saipan, CNMI. Lidar sensors actively pulse light to measure the elevation and/or depth of the landscape and seafloor. The shape of these waveforms can also be described to further characterize the seafloor. Here, bathymetric lidar waveform metrics (LWFM) were processed and normalized using software called SINWav (Jung et al., 2024) to produce seamless mosaics free of seamlines, discontinuities, and other artifacts. The input consists solely of an unorganized point cloud acquired by an airborne lidar system, without the need for supplemental data such as flight line trajectories. A sparse matrix representation was created to rasterize the bathymetric lidar point cloud data, and normalize LWFM among flight lines. The full processing methods are described in Jung et al., 2024. The resulting LWFM images are valuable tools for natural resource managers and researchers because they provide baseline information about the location, extent and physical composition of seafloor habitats.; Data Quality Method: The LiDAR data was collected for Saipan from 11 JUL to 31 JUL 2019. The bathymetry was geo‐referenced horizontally to the North American Datum 1983 (NAD83), Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 55 North (UTM 55N, meters) and vertically to the Northern Marianas Vertical Datum of 2003 (NMVD03, meters) coordinate systems. All lidar data for this project were collected to meet National Geospatial Program Lidar Base Specification Version 1.3 QL1 standard, while simultaneously acquiring bathymetric lidar data at National Coastal Mapping Strategy 1.0 QL2b standard. The Root Mean Square Delta z (RMSDz) was 0.033 for Saipan when comparing adjacent flight lines. For more information, please see NOAA and USGS 2019..

Acquisition Information (collection)
Instrument	LIDAR

Last Modified: 2024-08-15T19:29:31Z
For questions about the information on this page, please email: ncei.info@noaa.gov

NCCOS Mapping: Bathymetric Lidar Waveform Metrics for Saipan, The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), 2019-07-11 to 2019-07-31 (NCEI Accession 0294340)

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