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Dataset Overview | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)

Global climatology of 13 underwater acoustic parameters derived from WOA-2023 (NCEI Accession 0290599)

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Acoustics is most effective in undersea detection, localization, and communication. However, there is no global climatology of underwater acoustic parameters. A multiple gradient method is used to analyze the sound speed profile, which is calculated from temperature and salinity profiles using the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater-2010 (TEOS-10) to get the sonic layer depth (SLD), deep sound channel (DSC) axis depth, and second sound channel (SSC) axis depth from the gridded (0.25 degree, 1 degree, 5 degree) temperature and salinity fields of the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) world ocean atlas 2023. With the given (SLD, DSC axis depth, SSC axis depth), the other acoustic parameters are calculated such as sound speed at the surface, sound speed at the SLD, sound speed at the DSC axis, sound speed at the SSC axis, in-layer gradient, below-layer gradient, surface duct cut-off frequency, deep sound channel strength, critical depth of the DSC, depth excess, and second sound channel strength. Data are in NetCDF.
  • Cite as: Chu, Peter C.; Fan, Chenwu (2024). Global climatology of 13 underwater acoustic parameters derived from WOA-2023 (NCEI Accession 0290599). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/fe7c-5f76. Accessed [date].
gov.noaa.nodc:0290599
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Distribution Formats
  • Originator data format
Ordering Instructions Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
Distributor NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information(link is external)
+1-301-713-3277
ncei.info@noaa.gov
Dataset Point of Contact NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information(link is external)
ncei.info@noaa.gov
Time Period 1900-01-01 to 2023-12-31
Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates
West: -180
East: 180
South: -90
North: 90
Spatial Coverage Map
General Documentation
Associated Resources
  • Chu, P. C., & Fan, C. (2010). A Conserved Minimal Adjustment Scheme for Stabilization of Hydrographic Profiles. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 27(6), 1072–1083. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecho742.1
  • Chu, P. C., & Fan, C. (2011). Maximum angle method for determining mixed layer depth from seaglider data. Journal of Oceanography, 67(2), 219–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-011-0019-2
  • Chu, P. C., & Fan, C. (2010). Optimal Linear Fitting for Objective Determination of Ocean Mixed Layer Depth from Glider Profiles. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 27(11), 1893–1898. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecho804.1
  • Chu, P. C., Amezaga, Jr, G. R., Gottshall, E. L., & Cwalina, D. S. (2007). Ocean Nowcast/Forecast Systems for Improvement of Naval Undersea Capabilities. Marine Technology Society Journal, 41(2), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.4031/002533207787442178
  • Chu, P. C., & Fan, C. (2024). Global climatological dataset of undersea acoustic parameters derived from the NCEI World Ocean Atlas 2023. Scientific Data, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-04074-6
  • Chu, P. C., & Fan, C. (2023). Global climatological data of ocean thermohaline parameters derived from WOA18. Scientific Data, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02308-7
Publication Dates
  • publication: 2024-04-01
  • revision: 2025-01-21
Data Presentation Form Digital table - digital representation of facts or figures systematically displayed, especially in columns
Dataset Progress Status Complete - production of the data has been completed
Historical archive - data has been stored in an offline storage facility
Data Update Frequency As needed - NCEI Accession 0290599 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made.
Supplemental Information
This dataset has multiple versions. The highest version is the most complete.
Updates were received in /nodc/data/NCEI-S2N/SIP/0N972X
Purpose Enhancement of WOA23 usage into underwater acoustic communication and detection.
Use Limitations
  • accessLevel: Public
  • Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
Dataset Citation
  • Cite as: Chu, Peter C.; Fan, Chenwu (2024). Global climatology of 13 underwater acoustic parameters derived from WOA-2023 (NCEI Accession 0290599). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/fe7c-5f76. Accessed [date].
Cited Authors
Principal Investigators
Collaborators
Contributors
Resource Providers
Publishers
Theme keywords NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS WMO_CategoryCode
  • oceanography
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords Provider Keywords
  • Acoutic parameters
Provider Observation Categories
  • BelowLayerGradient
  • CriticalDepth
  • DeepSoundChannelAxisDepth
  • DeepSoundChannelAxisSoundSpeed
  • DeepSoundChannelStrength
  • DepthExcess
  • InLayerGradient
  • SecondSoundChannelAxisDepth
  • SecondSoundChannelStrength
  • SonicLayerDepth
  • SonicLayerDepthSoundSpeed
  • SurfaceDuctCutoffFrequency
  • SurfaceSoundSpeed
Data Center keywords NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
Platform keywords Provider Platform Names
  • same as WOA23
Instrument keywords NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords Provider Instruments
  • same as WOA23
Place keywords NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
Keywords NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER
Keywords Send2NCEI Submission Package ID
  • U7LP6D
Use Constraints
  • Cite as: Chu, Peter C.; Fan, Chenwu (2024). Global climatology of 13 underwater acoustic parameters derived from WOA-2023 (NCEI Accession 0290599). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/fe7c-5f76. Accessed [date].
Access Constraints
  • Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
Fees
  • In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps
  • 2024-04-01T13:02:13Z - NCEI Accession 0290599 v1.1 was published.
  • 2025-01-21T19:08:47Z - NCEI Accession 0290599 was revised and v2.2 was published.
    Rationale: Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
Output Datasets
Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps
  • Parameter or Variable: Acoutic parameters (calculated); Units: m; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: WOA23; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Same as WOA23; Data Quality Method: Same as WOA23
Acquisition Information (collection)
Instrument
  • bathythermograph - MBT
  • bathythermograph - XBT
  • buoy - moored buoy
  • CTD
  • profiling float
Last Modified: 2025-05-16T15:33:58Z
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