Microplastic concentrations in water, sediments and beaches from the Tarragona coast, western Mediterranean collected during 2018-10-09 (NCEI Accession 0289355)
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title: Microplastic concentrations in water, sediments and beaches from the Tarragona coast, western Mediterranean collected during 2018-10-09 (NCEI Accession 0289355)
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abstract: This study estimated the concentration of microplastics (i.e. plastics measuring less than 5mm; reported in unit of items/m3 for water samples and items/kg d.w. for marine sediment and beach sand samples) in water, sediments and beach sand from the Tarragona coast, western Mediterranean collected during 2018-10-09. Microplastics suspended in water were collected with Neuston net, those in marine sediments were collected using a metal spoon while those in beach sand were collected using a Kubiena box. This dataset contains the results from all 4 water samples, 7 marine sediment samples, and 7 beach sand samples, in a spreadsheet format.
purpose: These microplastic concentration data were collected in order to determine their abundance in water, sediments and beach sand from the Tarragona coast, western Mediterranean during 2018-10-09.
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description: Parameter or Variable: microplastic concentration (measured); Units: items/m3; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Neuston net; Sampling and Analyzing Method: This study investigated microplastics in sand, sediment and water samples. For surface water samples, four transects (T1 to T4) were done to collect seawater surface samples from Tarragona coast (from La Mora to Tarragona harbor) along shoreline. A neuston net with 80 μm mesh, with a diameter mouth of 24 cm, and 1 m long were used in horizontal transects between 746 and 1017 m at a speed of 1.5–2 knots. The transects were separated from shoreline between 500 and 924 m and in front of sand beach sampling points. Average volume filtered was 45.2 m3. For marine sediments, seven sediment samples (S1 to S7) were collected approximately at the start and end of each transect of seawater samples. Two divers descended between 15 and 17 m depth and collected subsamples in an area of 25 m2 of top 5 cm sediment layer with a metal spoon and glass bottle. Average weight collected was 600 g. For beach sand, a total of 14 samples were collected in 6 different beaches (B1 to B6) selected according to anthropogenic activities conditions such as industrial pressure, tourism, urbanism, runoff, river mouth and WWTP effluents discharges. The beaches located alongshore the 19 km of Tarragona city presented low to moderate slope (5–45°) and fine sand. These beaches are from north to south: La Mora (B1) and Sabinosa (B3), characterized by low tourism and urban pressure, Llarga (B2) and Arrabasada (B4) with tourism pressure and runoff influence, Miracle (B5) with tourism, urban pressure, and runoff influence and La Pineda (B6) with industrial, tourism, and urban pressure, river mouth, runoff and wastewater effluents discharges influences. The seawater samples retained in the cod-end of the net were carefully rinsed. The residues content of the cod-end was finally transferred to a sample container, stored frozen, and kept in the dark until further analysis. Seawater samples were sieved through a column of clean sieves (4, 2, and 1 mm; and 500, 125, and 45 μm) inside a fume hood. The material present in the sieves above 500 μm (4, 2, and 1 mm) were cleaned with ultrapure water. The larger particles and fibers of organic matter were removed with tweezer; the big possible plastic particles and fibers were placed it in a covered petri dish and the residue was filtered on Teflon filter (PTFE 5 μm pore size). The material retained in the sieves of 500, 125 and 45 μm residues were filtered on Teflon filter. Particles and fibers ≥500 μm without organic matter were selected with the stereoscopy microscope from 4 to 62× magnification (LEICA DMS 1000). Particles and fibers ≥500 μm that contained large amount of organic matter were filtered on Teflon filter of 5 μm pore size. For organic matter removal, the PTFE of 5 μm pore size were treated as follows: Alkali digestion (KOH 2M) followed by a Fenton process (H2O2 and FeSO4) at 40 °C and enzymatic digestion (cellulase)with sonication and agitations. Finally, plastic particles and fibers were counted using the stereoscopy microscope (LEICA DMS 1000). Sand beach and sediment samples were dried at 40 °C during 48 h and weighed; a small part was collected for granulometry analysis. Samples were sieved through a column of clean sieves (4, 2, 1 mm and 500 μm) placed in a mechanical shaker. Particles smaller than 500 μm were stored in well-capped aluminum containers for future analysis. Particles equal or bigger than 500 μm were analysed with visual sorting procedure: quantification and morphologic description under stereomicroscopic observation from 8 to 62× magnification. The buoyancy of these particles was checked testing on tree solutions: H2O, saturated NaCl (density 1.2 g/L), and saturated ZnCl2 (density 1.8 g/L). The criteria to reject or accept the particle as a plastic were based to individual plastic density and its buoyancy in each solution; they were grouped according the buoyancy solutions. Particles with a size above 0.5 mm were analysed with a Thermo Scientific NICOLET ATR-FTIR spectrometer with OMNIC™ Paradigm Software, with an Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) adapter; the measurements were performed in reflection mode in the range of 400–3600 cm−1, with 50 scans at a resolution of 10 cm−1. Background was done before analysis and every 20 samples; Data Quality Method: To avoid sample contamination a closed and isolated site (fume hood) was established in the laboratory for samples processing, wearing laboratory cotton coats, using glass or steel materials and tools rinsed with 70% ethanol and after with ultrapure MilliQ® water filtered on 0.45 μm pore size filter (GF/F Whatman, 47 mm diameter, nitrocellulose), and covered in aluminum foils. All reagents were made with ultrapure water, stored in glass bottle and filtered (<0.43 μm pore size) before their use. Samples and subsamples were covered with aluminum paper for plastic contamination minimization trough air deposition. For sand and sediment analysis, two blanks were applied for each sample analysis: in sieving and visual sorting methodology. The workplace particles deposition rate was determined for two months with a value of 0.04 fibers/cm2/day. This rate was applied for the total filter area filtered in a day by sample. One blank for morphology examination on stereoscopy and optical microscope was located as an open petri dish. One blank for sample in basic—enzymatic digestion procedure was established for each sample. The blanks values, for each method were subtracted from the total particle counting due to deposit particle and fibers from laboratory environment..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: microplastic concentration (measured); Units: items/kg d.w; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Metal spoon.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: microplastic concentration (measured); Units: items/kg d.w; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Kubiena box.
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
maintenanceNote: Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer
type: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer
description: An FTIR spectrometer simultaneously collects high-resolution spectral data over a wide spectral range. This confers a significant advantage over a dispersive spectrometer, which measures intensity over a narrow range of wavelengths at a time.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: microscope
type: microscope
description: instrument is used in lab analyses A microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Neuston net
type: Neuston net
description: Neuston net is a net designed to sample plankton or microplastics located in the first few centimeters of the water column. cf. net - plankton net (insttypes_id 31)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: sediment sieve
type: sediment sieve
description: USA standard testing sieve (A.S.T.M.E.)
