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Benthic Habitats of Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix U.S. Virgin Islands, 2004-02-18 to 2011-08-30 (NCEI Accession 0285904)

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This data package contains information about the geology and biology of the seafloor from approximately 0 to 1,830 meters in Buck Island Reef National Monument (BIRNM) St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). It was created by delineating habitats visible in aerial photographs, lidar and multibeam echosounder imagery using ENVI's Feature Extraction (Fx) Module. The minimum polygon size for these habitat maps ranged from 100 square meters (in shallow <30 m depths) to 1000 square meters (in moderate 30 to 150 m depths) to 5,000 square meters (in deep >150 m depths). Additional habitat polygons were manually digitized if they were excluded during the feature extraction workflow. Polygon boundaries were smoothed in ArcGIS to reduce their pixelated appearance. A Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm was used to classify each habitat polygon using georeferenced underwater video & photos collected using SCUBA divers, drop-cameras and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). Major and detailed geomorphological structure, percent hardbottom, major and detailed biological cover and live coral cover were identified for each polygon. The moderate and deep maps mark the first time that habitats deeper than approximately 30 meters have been mapped in the Monument. These habitat maps will provide a baseline for future biological monitoring studies in BIRNM.
  • Cite as: Costa, Bryan; Tormey, Sam; Battista, Timothy A. (2023). Benthic Habitats of Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix U.S. Virgin Islands, 2004-02-18 to 2011-08-30 (NCEI Accession 0285904). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/vz7r-kc55. Accessed [date].
gov.noaa.nodc:0285904
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Distributor NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
+1-301-713-3277
NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
Dataset Point of Contact NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
ncei.info@noaa.gov
Time Period 2004-02-18 to 2011-08-30
Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates
West: -64.6880095
East: -64.5562588
South: 17.7698818
North: 17.8470072
Spatial Coverage Map
General Documentation
Associated Resources
  • Benthic Habitat Mapping for Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix
  • Buck Island BIOMapper
  • Costa, B.M., S. Tormey, and T.A. Battista. 2012. Benthic Habitats of Buck Island Reef National Monument. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 142. Prepared by the NCCOS Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment Biogeography Branch. Silver Spring, MD. 64 pp
  • Anderson, M., H. Lund, E.H. Gladfelter, and M. Davies. 1986. Ecological community type maps and biological community descriptions for Buck Island Reef National Monument and proposed marine park sites in the British Virgin Islands. U.S. National Park Service and Virgin Islands Resource Management Cooperative Report. 236 pp. US Department of the Interior, Virgin Islands National Park
  • Battista, T.A., B.M. Costa, and S.M. Anderson, S.M. 2007a. Shallow-Water Benthic Habitats of the Main Eight Hawaiian Islands. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 61, Biogeography Branch. Silver Spring, MD
  • Battista, T.A., B.M. Costa, and S.M. Anderson. 2007b. Shallow-Water Benthic Habitats of the Republic of Palau. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 59, Biogeography Branch. Silver Spring, MD
  • Bauer, L.J., M.S. Kendall, A.G. Zitello, and T.A. Battista. 2010. Chapter 2: Benthic Habitats of Vieques, Puerto Rico. pp. 9-46. In: L.J. Bauer and M.S. Kendall (eds.). An Ecological Characterization of the Marine Resources of Vieques, Puerto Rico Part II: Field Studies of Habitats, Nutrients, Contaminants, Fish, and Benthic Communities. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 110. Silver Spring, MD. 174 pp.
  • Clark, R.D., C.F.G. Jeffrey, K.K. Woody, and Z. Hillis-Starr. 2008. Spatial and temporal patterns of coral bleaching around Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. In Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, 7-11 July 2008. pp. 880-882
  • Eakin, C. M., Morgan, J. A., Heron, S. F., Smith, T. B., Liu, G., Alvarez-Filip, L., Baca, B., Bartels, E., Bastidas, C., Bouchon, C., Brandt, M., Bruckner, A. W., Bunkley-Williams, L., Cameron, A., Causey, B. D., Chiappone, M., Christensen, T. R. L., Crabbe, M. J. C., Day, O., … Yusuf, Y. (2010). Caribbean Corals in Crisis: Record Thermal Stress, Bleaching, and Mortality in 2005. PLoS ONE, 5(11), e13969. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013969
  • Friedlander, A. M., Brown, E. K., & Monaco, M. E. (2007). COUPLING ECOLOGY AND GIS TO EVALUATE EFFICACY OF MARINE PROTECTED AREAS IN HAWAII. Ecological Applications, 17(3), 715–730. https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0536
  • Gladfelter, W.B., E.H. Gladfelter, R.K. Monahan, J.C. Ogden, and R.F. Dill. 1977. Environmental studies of Buck Island Reef National Monument. National Park Service Report. Washington, DC. 144 pp.
  • Kendall, M.S., C.R. Kruer, K.R. Buja, J.D. Christensen, M. Finkbeiner, R.A. Warner, and M.E. Monaco. 2001. Methods Used to Map the Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS CCMA 152. Silver Spring, MD. https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/421
  • Kendall, M. S., & Miller, T. (2008). The Influence of Thematic and Spatial Resolution on Maps of a Coral Reef Ecosystem. Marine Geodesy, 31(2), 75–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490410802053617
  • Miller, J., Muller, E., Rogers, C., Waara, R., Atkinson, A., Whelan, K. R. T., Patterson, M., & Witcher, B. (2009). Coral disease following massive bleaching in 2005 causes 60% decline in coral cover on reefs in the US Virgin Islands. Coral Reefs, 28(4), 925–937. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-009-0531-7
  • Ohlhorst, S.L. and W.D. Liddell. 1988. The effect of substrate microtopography on reef community structure 60-120 m. Proceedings of the 6th International Coral Reef Symposium 3: 355–360
  • Pittman, S.J., S.D. Hile, C.F.G. Jeffrey, C. Caldow, M.S. Kendall, M.E. Monaco, and Z. Hillis-Starr. 2008. Fish assemblages and benthic habitats of Buck Island Reef National Monument (St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands) and the surrounding seascape: A characterization of spatial and temporal patterns. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 71. Silver Spring, MD. 96 pp.
  • Pittman, S.J., S.D. Hile, C.F.G. Jeffrey, R. Clark, K. Woody, B.D. Herlach, C. Caldow, M.E. Monaco, and R. Appeldoorn. 2010. Coral reef ecosystems of Reserva Natural La Parguera (Puerto Rico): Spatial and temporal patterns in fish and benthic communities (2001-2007). NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 107. Silver Spring, MD. 202 pp.
  • Whitall, D.R., B.M. Costa, L.J. Bauer, A. Dieppa, and S.D. Hile (eds.). 2011. A Baseline Assessment of the Ecological Resources of Jobos Bay, Puerto Rico. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 133. Silver Spring, MD. 188 pp.
  • Zitello, A.G., L.J. Bauer, T.A. Battista, P.W. Mueller, M.S. Kendall, and M.E. Monaco. 2009. Shallow-Water Benthic Habitats of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 96. Silver Spring, MD. 53 pp.
Publication Dates
  • publication: 2023-12-21
Data Presentation Form Digital table - digital representation of facts or figures systematically displayed, especially in columns
Dataset Progress Status Complete - production of the data has been completed
Historical archive - data has been stored in an offline storage facility
Data Update Frequency As needed
Supplemental Information
Submission Package ID: 64KUE6

Not all data used in the analysis process to create the final products in this archival package were submitted. The raw data used to generate the images found in directory 'GIS-Data_A_Imagery', and the imagery that was analyzed as part of the map validation referenced in the directory 'GIS-Data_B_Training_and_Validation-Data', were not included as part of the archival package.
Purpose This benthic habitat map was created by NOAA to support the management of Buck Island Reef National Monument (BIRNM) by the National Park Service (NPS). The mosaic of coral reef, seagrass and sand habitats in BIRNM are home to a diversity of marine organisms, including Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata), Elkhorn Coral (Acropora palmata) and Staghorn Coral (Acropora cervicornis), all of which are federally protected under the Endangered Species Act (NOAA OPR, 2011). In addition to providing habitat for a variety of species, these marine resources also provide valuable ecosystem services to the local community, including shoreline protection, fisheries replenishment, recreation, and tourism. However, coral reef ecosystems in St. Croix and throughout the U.S. Caribbean are under increasing pressure from environmental and anthropogenic stressors that threaten these important marine communities. In order to better evaluate and address these threats, a baseline understanding and periodic evaluation of the benthic communities and associated living marine resources is needed by scientists and resource managers. Habitat maps, in particular, are an integral component to this process, as they support an effective ecosystem-based approach to management. Habitat maps provide a spatially explicit representation of benthic structure and biological cover. The spatial products developed for this project will: (1) inform local NPS managers as to the existing distribution of resources, (2) provide a baseline for future comparative efforts, (3) help locate sensitive marine communities, and (4) guide monitoring efforts and prioritize management actions.
Use Limitations
  • accessLevel: Public
  • Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
Dataset Citation
  • Cite as: Costa, Bryan; Tormey, Sam; Battista, Timothy A. (2023). Benthic Habitats of Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix U.S. Virgin Islands, 2004-02-18 to 2011-08-30 (NCEI Accession 0285904). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/vz7r-kc55. Accessed [date].
Cited Authors
Principal Investigators
Collaborators
Contributors
Resource Providers
Points of Contact
Publishers
Acknowledgments
  • Related Funding Agency: US DOC; NOAA; Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP)
  • Related Funding Agency: US DOC; NOAA; NOS; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science
Theme keywords NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS WMO_CategoryCode
  • oceanography
CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
  • Geographic Information > Backscatter
  • Geographic Information > Bathymetry
  • Geographic Information > Deep Coral Locations
  • Geographic Information > Habitats
  • Geographic Information > LiDAR
  • Geographic Information > Marine Management Areas
  • Geographic Information > Reef Locations
  • Map Images > Aerial Photographs
  • Map Images > Habitats
  • Numeric Data Sets > Habitats
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Deep-water corals
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping > Habitat Mapping
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Photographic Analysis
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Photographic Analysis > Videography
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Mapping > Base map > Aerial Photography
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Bathymetry
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Benthic biology
  • EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Coral Cover
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords NCCOS Keywords
  • NCCOS Research Data Type > Derived Data Product
  • NCCOS Research Data Type > Field Observation
  • NCCOS Research Data Type > Geospatial
  • NCCOS Research Priority > Marine Spatial Ecology
  • NCCOS Research Topic > Habitat Mapping
Provider Keywords
  • Benthic Habitat Maps
  • Imagery
  • Training and Validation Data
Provider Observation Categories
  • remotely sensed
Data Center keywords NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Contributing Data Centers
  • 7-Seas-Ltd
  • Coast Works
  • US DOC; NOAA; NOS; Office for Coastal Management
  • US DOI; US Geological Survey
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
Platform keywords NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes Provider Platform Names
  • US DOC; NOAA; NOAA ship Nancy Foster
  • US DOC; NOAA; NOAA ship Ronald Brown
Instrument keywords NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords Provider Instruments
  • aerial multispectral camera
  • light detection and ranging
  • multibeam echosounder
  • underwater multispectral cameras
Place keywords NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS CoRIS Place Thesaurus
  • COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > St. Croix > Buck Island (17N064W0006)
  • COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > St. Croix > Buck Island Reef (17N064W0001)
  • OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > Buck Island > Buck Island (17N064W0006)
  • OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > St. Croix > Buck Island Reef (17N064W0001)
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords NCCOS Location Keywords
  • NCCOS Research Location > Region > Caribbean Sea
  • NCCOS Research Location > U.S. States and Territories > U.S. Virgin Islands > Saint Croix
Provider Place Names
  • Buck Island Reef National Monument
Project keywords NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Provider Project Names
  • Benthic Habitat Mapping for Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix
Keywords NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER
Use Constraints
  • Cite as: Costa, Bryan; Tormey, Sam; Battista, Timothy A. (2023). Benthic Habitats of Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix U.S. Virgin Islands, 2004-02-18 to 2011-08-30 (NCEI Accession 0285904). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/vz7r-kc55. Accessed [date].
Access Constraints
  • Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
Fees
  • In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps
  • 2023-12-21T07:41:30Z - NCEI Accession 0285904 v1.1 was published.
Output Datasets
Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps
  • Parameter or Variable: Imagery (measured); Units: multiple (meters, relative units); Observation Category: remotely sensed; Sampling Instrument: multibeam echosounder, light detection and ranging, aerial multispectral camera; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three types of technology and six sensors were used to map and characterize 98% of BIRNM’ seafloor. The remaining 2% of the Monument was not mapped because no readily available imagery existed. The technologies used for mapping include: (1) a passive, optical, multispectral aerial camera (Leica ADS40), (2) a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor (LADS Mark II), and (3) four Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) Sound Navigation and Ranging (SoNAR) sensors (Reson 8125, Reson 8101 extended range, Simrad 1002, Seabeam 2112). Passive optical sensors produce photographs of the area below the camera by measuring and recording sunlight (in the visible spectrum) that reflects off the land and seafloor. Unlike passive optical sensors, LiDAR sensors actively pulse light to measure the depth (i.e., bathymetry) and the relative reflectance (i.e., intensity) of the seafloor. Similarly, MBES are active sensors which emit sound (instead of laser light) to measure the depth (i.e., bathymetry) and physical properties (i.e., intensity) of the seafloor. The resulting seafloor images (i.e., bathymetry with units in meters and intensity with relative values and no units) are valuable tools for natural resource managers and researchers because they provide baseline information on the location, extent and physical composition of seafloor habitats.; Data Quality Method: The aerial imagery met the American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Class I Standards (FGDC, 1998) at 1:24,000 scale, which translates into a root mean square error of approximately ± 5 m. The final true-color orthophotos were received as 8-bit GeoTiff files (.tif) in the North American Datum 1983 (NAD 83) State Plane Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands Zone coordinate system. The LiDAR survey was conducted to meet International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Order 1 uncertainty standards (IHO, 2008), which is ± 5 meters plus 5% of depth for horizontal uncertainty and ± the square root of [0.52 + (0.013 * depth)2] for vertical uncertainty. These equations translate into a maximum of approximately ± 7.5 m and ± 0.81 m of horizontal and vertical uncertainty, respectively. The MBES surveys were conducted to meet different uncertainty standards. The 2010 NOAA survey was conducted to meet IHO Order 1 uncertainty standards (IHO, 2008), which translates into a maximum of approximately ± 7.5 m and ± 0.82 m of horizontal and vertical uncertainty, respectively. The 2006 NOAA survey and the USGS survey were conducted to meet IHO Order 2 uncertainty standards, which is ± 20 meters plus 10% of depth for horizontal uncertainty and ± the square root of [1.02 + (0.023 * depth)2] for vertical uncertainty. For the 2006 NOAA survey, these equations translate into a maximum of approximately ± 120 m and ± 23 m of horizontal and vertical uncertainty, respectively. For the USGS survey conducted in BIRNM, these equations translate into a maximum of approximately ± 203 m and ± 42 m of horizontal and vertical uncertainty, respectively. The 2004 NOAA survey did not meet any of the IHO standards. All MBES bathymetry surfaces were corrected for sensor offsets, latency, roll, pitch, yaw, static draft, the influence of tides and the changing speed of sound in the water column. For the 2004, 2006 and 2010 NOAA surveys, backscatter surfaces were geometrically corrected for navigation attitude, transducer attitude and slant range distortion and radiometrically corrected for changes in acquisition gains, power levels, pulse widths, local seafloor slope and ensonification areas. For more information, see section 3.2 in Costa, B.M., S. Tormey, and T.A. Battista. 2012. Benthic Habitats of Buck Island Reef National Monument. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 142. Prepared by the NCCOS Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment Biogeography Branch. Silver Spring, MD. 64 pp. Online: https://products.coastalscience.noaa.gov/collections/benthic/e93stcroix/pdfs/benthichabitats_buckisland.pdf.
  • Parameter or Variable: Training and Validation Data (measured); Units: multiple (reflectance, benthic habitat types); Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: underwater multispectral cameras; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Training and validation data (i.e., georeferenced underwater photographs and videos) are needed to create and evaluate the accuracy of high-quality benthic habitat maps. Training data is used to develop the benthic habitat map by allowing the cartographer to: (1) Explore the benthic habitats present in the remotely sensed imagery; and (2) Verify that habitats correlated with particular remote sensing signatures remain consistent across the mapped area. Validation data is independent from the training data, and it used to evaluate the accuracy of the final benthic habitat map. Here, existing georeferenced underwater photographs and videos were used for training and validation purposes. This dataset was compiled from three sources: (1) National Coral Reef Monitoring (NCRMP) SCUBA diver transects and (2) NCCOS drop camera sites in shallow (<30 m) waters, as well as (3) NCCOS remotely operated vehicle (ROV) transects in moderate to deep waters (>150 to 1,800 m). These three datasets were collected over the course of seven years (2005-2011), and key habitats were identified and annotated visually by benthic experts. These experts grouped benthic communities in BIRNM based on their: 1) broad geographic zone, 2) geomorphological structure, 3) percent hardbottom, 4) dominant biological cover, and 5) percent of live coral cover. Habitat features were described by varying levels of detail (i.e., major and minor categories nested within them), so users could change the habitat map to best suit their research or management needs. In total, 198 unique combinations of zone, major structure, detailed structure, percent hardbottom, major cover, percent cover and live coral cover were identified from the multispectral, LiDAR and acoustic imagery.; Data Quality Method: The quality of the training and validation datasets differed because they were collected over seven years using different platforms. Consequently, each dataset was reviewed individually for completeness. Where needed, navigation or positional information was filtered to remove outliers, and underwater photographs and videos were reanalyzed and annotated to a common benthic habitat classification scheme. See section 2.1 for more information on the classification scheme and section 3.3.2 for more information on this post processing steps (in Costa, B.M., S. Tormey, and T.A. Battista. 2012. Benthic Habitats of Buck Island Reef National Monument. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 142. Prepared by the NCCOS Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment Biogeography Branch. Silver Spring, MD. 64 pp. Online: https://products.coastalscience.noaa.gov/collections/benthic/e93stcroix/pdfs/benthichabitats_buckisland.pdf.
  • Parameter or Variable: Benthic Habitat Maps (calculated); Units: percent cover of the seafloor; Observation Category: model output; Sampling Instrument: N/A; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three benthic habitat maps were develop describing the geology and biology of the seafloor in BIRNM from 0 to 1,830 meters. These three maps were created by delineating habitats visible in aerial photographs, lidar and multibeam echosounder imagery using ENVI's Feature Extraction (Fx) Module. The minimum polygon size for these habitat maps ranged from 100 square meters (in shallow <30 m depths) to 1000 square meters (in moderate 30 to 150 m depths) to 5,000 square meters (in deep >150 m depths). Additional habitat polygons were manually digitized if they were excluded during the feature extraction workflow. Classification and Regression Trees (CART) were used to classify these habitat polygons using georeferenced underwater video and photos collected using SCUBA divers, drop-cameras and ROVs. Major and detailed geomorphological structure, percent hardbottom, major and detailed biological cover and live coral cover were identified for each polygon.; Data Quality Method: The quality of these maps was evaluated in three ways. First, all three maps were edged matched by visually checking for clean and consistent linework and attribution on both sides of survey area boundaries. The cartographer took into account differing MMU’s, variable habitat signatures for different imagery types, and the range of imagery and training data acquisition dates when resolving discrepancies along these map borders. Second, the accuracy of the shallow map (<30 m depths) was quantified using an independent validation dataset. And third, the quality and relative accuracy all three maps were reviewed and confirmed by local experts. See section 3.3.3 for more information about developing and reviewing all three maps, and section 4 for more information about validating the shallow water map (in Costa, B.M., S. Tormey, and T.A. Battista. 2012. Benthic Habitats of Buck Island Reef National Monument. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 142. Prepared by the NCCOS Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment Biogeography Branch. Silver Spring, MD. 64 pp. Online: https://products.coastalscience.noaa.gov/collections/benthic/e93stcroix/pdfs/benthichabitats_buckisland.pdf.
Acquisition Information (collection)
Instrument
  • camera
  • LIDAR
  • multibeam sonar
  • photograph
Platform
  • NOAA Ship Nancy Foster
  • NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown
Last Modified: 2024-06-10T13:30:37Z
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