Benthic cover data collected at High Priority Reef Areas by the Guam Long-term Coral Reef Monitoring Program from 2010-08-04 to 2022-10-27 (NCEI Accession 0285768)
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title: Benthic cover data collected at High Priority Reef Areas by the Guam Long-term Coral Reef Monitoring Program from 2010-08-04 to 2022-10-27 (NCEI Accession 0285768)
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abstract: The data in this package include benthic cover data collected at High Priority Reef Areas by the Guam Long-term Coral Reef Monitoring Program (GLTMP). These data were generated through the analysis of images obtained by benthic photo transect surveys at numerous sampling stations (= one transect) within the boundaries of each HPRA. Benthic cover estimates were initially derived from photo transect images using Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe; Kohler and Gill 2006) point sampling software, but the web-based image analysis platform CoralNet (Beijborn et al. 2012, Beijborn 2015) was used beginning with the 2019 images. These data were collected using a split-panel sampling approach, whereby a mix of permanent and non-permanent sampling stations (one sampling station = one transect) are visited within each HPRA. The HPRAs were selected by an advisory body comprised of reef managers, researchers, and technicians. The sites were not selected randomly from around the island and thus should not be considered representative of reef condition at the island-scale. While the general location of the HPRAs were selected based on management priority, the site boundaries were delineated using bathymetry and benthic habitat data within ArcGIS; the locations of the sampling stations were generated randomly within each site’s boundaries using ArcGIS. The benthic photo transect surveys, as well as reef fish SPC, macroinvertebrate belt transect, and rugosity surveys are carried out on an annual basis along the seaward slope between 7 and 15 m depth in the Tumon Bay Marine Preserve and in East Agana Bay, while surveys are carried out biennially within the Piti Bomb Holes Marine Preserve, the Achang Reef Flat Marine Preserve, the eastern side of the Cocos Barrier Reef (Cocos-East), and Fouha Bay. Surveys were also carried at along reef margin (1-2 m) and slope (2-15 m) of Western Shoals, in Apra Harbor, in 2011. The GLTMP has conducted surveys at the Tumon and East Agana HPRAs since 2010 and the Piti HPRA since 2012. Data collection for the Achang and Cocos-East HPRAs began in 2014 and at the Fouha Bay HPRA in 2015. Baseline data is available for the Western Shoals HPRA from 2011 but this site has not been re-visited since its establishment due to shifting management priorities.
purpose: The stated goals of the Guam Long-term Coral Reef Monitoring Program (GLTMP) are to determine the status and trends of selected coral reef ecosystem indicators to inform resource managers' decision-making process, provide managers with early notice of abnormal conditions, provide data to better understand the dynamic nature of the island's coastal ecosystems, allow resource agencies to meet certain legal and Congressional mandates, and measure progress towards performance goals. Benthic cover data collected by the GLTMP at several High Priority Reef Areas around Guam provide documentation of the structure and condition of the benthic communities at these sites; data from multiple visits can be used in time series analyses to determine trends in key ecosystem parameters.
credit: Related Funding Agency: US DOC; NOAA; NOS; Coral Reef Conservation Program (Coral Reef Conservation Program - CRCP)
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description: A report of the Comprehensive Long-term Coral Reef Monitoring at Permanent Sites on Guam project for data collected from 2010 to 2018
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title: Burdick, D.R., Raymundo, L., Drake, D., and Hershberger, A. 2023. A decade of change on Guam’s coral reefs. 120 p. https://www.uog.edu/_resources/files/ml/technical_reports/UOGML_TechRep170_GLTMP_2023.pdf
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description: A report of Guam Long-term Coral Reef Monitoring Program activities between 2010 and 2021
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beginPosition: 2010-08-04
endPosition: 2022-10-27
supplementalInformation: Submission Package ID: 6NJRLF Imagery collected as part of this study were not included in the archival package submission.
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description: Parameter or Variable: REEF AND/OR BOTTOM REGIME - PERCENT COVER (measured); Units: percent; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: digital camera; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Benthic photo transect surveys were carried out at all sampling stations within designated High Priority Reef Areas (HPRAs). The locations of all HPRA sampling stations were generated using a stratified random sampling design, occur only on hardbottom habitat, and are a combination of fixed and non-fixed transects (split panel approach). Each sampling station was located in the field using a GPS receiver. Upon reaching a given station, a small weight and line tied to a buoy is carefully lowered to the ocean floor. Starting at the weight tied to the buoy, a 30 m transect is laid out [25 m-long transects were used prior to 2017]. The transect is laid out in a clockwise direction relative to the island, following the depth contour if it is readily determined; if the area is relatively flat and a depth contour is not readily discernible the transect is laid at an angle parallel to the reef margin (which is determined prior to entering the water). The nenthic photo transect survey was carried out by capturing non-overlapping digital photos every 0.5 meters along the left side of a 30-meter transect, for a total of 30 images. Beginning in 2017, images were obtained using a 20 megapixel Sony Cybershot RX-100 digital point and shoot camera (in a Nauticam NA-RX100 housing with a red filter) mounted on a PVC monopod. Prior to 2017, several different cameras in underwater housings were mounted to PVC frame such that a 0.5 m x 0.5 m quadrat at the base of the frame is visible within each image. Percent cover was estimated from quantitative analysis of the 2010-2018 benthic images using Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe; Kohler and Gill, 2006). Initially, each frame was analyzed using 25 random points stratified with a 5 x 5 grid. After conducting a series of tests using various combinations of images and points in an effort to maximize accuracy while minimizing effort, is was determined that 16 random points stratified using a 4 x 4 grid would provide the desired accuracy and efficiency. The use of 16 points per frame began with the 2014 images. Beginning with the 2019 images, the web-based image analysis platform CoralNet was utilized in place of CPCe. Currently, 16 points are analyzed per frame, but this number will likely increase (in order to better detect less common benthic classes) once the CoralNet robot is relied upon to alleviate a majority of the annotations. The 2019-2022 images were analyzed entirely by a human observer. The benthic feature falling directly underneath each point was identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. For those images analyzed using CPCe a "note" was added to points that fell on recently dead, diseased, or bleached corals; the notes indicated the likely cause of the mortality or the name of the disease. However, a note was only provided if the point fell directly on an area of recently dead tissue or an area of disease activity of pale/bleached tissue. The ability to separately record colony condition is not currently available in CoralNet. If a point fell precisely on the border between two benthic categories (e.g., coral-algae), the benthic category occupying the greatest area within the symbol (circle wrapping the cross-hairs) was classified. Additionally, if the two benthic categories occupied equal space within the symbol, the benthos falling on the top left quadrant within the point symbol was classified. The category Shadow was used when the point fell on an area that is dark and the nature of the benthos could not be assessed due to diminished light. The categories Tape and Frame were used when the point fell on a transect line/tape measure or photo quadrat frame. Percent cover was calculated at the sampling station level.; Data Quality Method: Data sets derived from image analysis are highly reliable within the stipulated taxonomic context. Image analysts underwent a training period during which they analyze images from numerous sampling stations in the presence of the monitoring program coordinator. The total number of images analyzed during the training period varied according to the prior experience level of the trainee. The results of the CPCe image analyses (2010-2018) and the initial fully-manual CoralNet-based analyses (2019-2022) underwent extensive quality control procedures carried out by the benthic community specialist (currently the program coordinator). However, it should be understood that some benthic features, such as turf algae, crustose coralline algae, small coral colonies and other diminutive living or non-living features may be difficult to discern from each other in the benthic photo transect images. It should also be noted that the higher image resolution achieved by the more recently-used cameras allows for greater taxonomic resolution during image analysis, and likely allows for greater accuracy in the identification of benthic features, particularly for features, such as turf algae, crustose coralline algae, and small corals, that can be difficult to discern at lower image resolutions. Comparisons of data across HPRAs or across years must take into account differences in environmental and biological aspects of each site. Comparisons for a give HPRA across time should consider any changes to the site boundaries over time and the mix of paired and unpaired sampling stations. Please refer to the Extents section of the InPort metadata record to see how the Tumon site boundaries shifted after 2010. Comparisons for a given site across time could potentially be affected by changes in the benthic photo transect survey and image analysis methodologies. These changes, which include changes in transect length, image spacing, image quality, camera frame, image analysis method, and modifications to the benthic habitat classification system, are described in detail in the InPort metadata record..
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
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code: photograph
type: photograph
description: still images used as the basis for making parameter determinations
