Microplastics concentrations in the surface waters of Kingston Harbor, Jamaica collected from 2017-09-14 to 2017-12-15 (NCEI Accession 0284765)
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title: Microplastics concentrations in the surface waters of Kingston Harbor, Jamaica collected from 2017-09-14 to 2017-12-15 (NCEI Accession 0284765)
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abstract: This study estimated the concentration of microplastics (i.e. plastics measuring less than 5mm; reported in unit of items/m3 and items/km2) in the surface waters of Kingston Harbor, Jamaica collected from 2017-09-14 to 2017-12-15. Microplastics were collected using a Manta net with a mesh size of 335 μm, towed at 1 knot for 15 minutes. This dataset contains the results from all 32 surface water samples, in a spreadsheet format.
purpose: These microplastic concentration data were collected in order to determine their abundance in the surface waters of Kingston Harbor, Jamaica during 2017-09-14 to 2017-12-15
credit: Related Funding Agency: International Centre for Environmental and Nuclear Sciences (ICENS)
credit: Related Funding Agency: Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Marine Sciences
credit: Related Funding Agency: Grace Kennedy Foundation, James S. Moss Solomon Snr. Grant
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title: Rose, D., & Webber, M. (2019). Characterization of microplastics in the surface waters of Kingston Harbour. Science of The Total Environment, 664, 753–760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.319
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beginPosition: 2017-09-14
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description: Parameter or Variable: microplastic concentration (measured); Units: items/m3; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Manta net; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sampling was conducted fortnightly (September 14, November 2, November 16, December 1 and December 15, 2017) at four stations. Stations included; a control (Ctrl.), located outside the Harbor adjacent to the town of Port Royal; stations within the harbor adjacent to Gallow's Point (GP); Refuge Cay (RC); Buccaneer beach (BB), the latter at the eastern end of the Harbor. Stations inside the harbor were selected near the southern shore along the Palisadoes tombolo, which is home to many species of juvenile fish and shellfish and is threatened by the accumulation of debris that constantly drifts south across the harbor from the gullies and rivers. All microplastics samples were collected in duplicate trawls at each station between 10 a.m. and 12 noon using a 335 μ mesh manta trawl (obtained from 5 Gyres Institute as part of the Trawl-Share program). The trawl had a 24″ × 9.84″ opening and was towed along a transect at each station for 15min at a speed of ~1 knot and ensuring that the net sampled outside of the wake of the boat. At the end of each trawl, the contents of the 335 μ cod end bag were transferred into clean (acid-washed with 10% HNO3 and rinsed thoroughly with deionized water (18.2MΩ)), labelled glass jars using 500mL of water from the respective station and the bag rinsed thoroughly with seawater. The bottles were placed in a cooler with ice packs for preservation and brought to the laboratory for analysis. Flow meters (General Oceanics L6) were placed across the mouth of the net to record the length of tow and hence the volume of sea water sampled. In addition, GPS Coordinates were recorded at the beginning and end of each tow using a handheld GPS (Garmin GPSMAP 62). Microplastics samples were prepared for analysis using modifications of the protocol outlined by Masura et al. (2015). Samples were wet sieved through 5 mm and 0.25 mm stacked sieves. Material retained on the 0.25 mm (250 μm) sieve was transferred to a beaker and placed in an oven at 90 °C for 24 h or more until completely dry. The organic material was oxidized with 20 mL aliquots of 0.05 M Fe(II) solution and 30% H2O2 on a hot plate at 75 °C for 30 min, with additional 20 mL aliquots of 30% H2O2 added every 30 min until oxidation was complete. A saturated NaCl solution (~5M) was used to facilitate the separation of the plastics from heavier non-polymeric materials by the addition of 6 g of NaCl per 20 mL of peroxide. The suspension was covered with foil and allowed to separate overnight in the density separator funnel. Floating plastics were then collected on a 0.25 mm (250 μm) sieve and rinsed free of the hypersaline solution with distilled water. The settled portion was also passed through the sieve and assessed for any additional microplastics. Collectively, the microplastic particles were dried and were placed in a vial prior to microscope separation, counting and classification. To avoid misidentification of microplastics using a microscope, a particle was established as microplastic based on visual criteria, ensuring that there are no visible cellular or organic structures, colored particles are homogenous in color, transparent particles are viewed under high magnification to exclude a biological origin and fibers should be equally thick with three-dimensional bending to exclude a biological origin. Prepared samples were illuminated with gooseneck lighting (Schott ACE 1) and viewed under a Meiji EMZ8TR stereomicroscope at a magnification of ×40. Microplastics were separated from any apparent undigested organic material. Samples were photographed at a magnification of ×7 with the aid of Lumenera Infinity Analyze software. Microplastics abundance in particles/km2 and particles/m3 was then computed from the tally and the distanced towed and the dimension of the opening of the manta net. Following visual sorting and classification, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was employed to identify polymer composition of the microplastic particles using a Bruker Vector 22 FT-IR spectrometer equipped with a deuterated triglycine sulphate (DTGS) detector, Zinc Selenide crystal and clamp. Fragments were analyzed from samples taken from each of the four (4) stations for analysis because of their high visibility to the naked eye and ease of transfer to and from the crystal. The crystal was cleaned with lint-free paper and methanol and a background scan performed before each particle was analyzed. Particles were analyzed in transmission mode at a speed of 5 Hz, within the range of 4000–600 cm−1 and a combination of 40 scans per analysis. The resulting spectra were processed in the accompanying Opus 65 software and were compared with the pristine FTIR spectra of common polymers (polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, nylon, polyvinyl chloride) obtained from the BIORAD SpectraBase spectral library.; Data Quality Method: Contamination control procedures were employed, with utmost care, to minimize the chance of plastic particles being introduced to the samples during sample collection, preparation and laboratory analysis. Glass jars (cleaned with dilute HNO3 and rinsed thoroughly with 18.2MΩ deionized water) were used to containerize samples collected for further processing in the laboratory. Glassware (beakers, watch glasses, funnels) and stainless-steel apparatus (sieves, forceps, spatulas) were used during sample processing and aluminum foil used to cover samples to minimize contamination from airborne fibers. A laboratory coat and nitrile gloves were always worn while work was carried out in an enclosed laboratory away from foot traffic. Microscopic examination was carried out in a laboratory designed with sealed windows and passage through the lab was restricted to minimize airborne contamination. Procedural blanks using deionized water were passed through the entire analytical process and treated in the same manner as were samples, to identify any possible points of contamination. These tested negatively for contamination..
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
maintenanceNote: Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer
type: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer
description: An FTIR spectrometer simultaneously collects high-resolution spectral data over a wide spectral range. This confers a significant advantage over a dispersive spectrometer, which measures intensity over a narrow range of wavelengths at a time.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Manta net
type: Manta net
description: Manta net is a small, easily manageable net designed to sample plankton or microplastics located in the first few centimeters of the water column.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: microscope
type: microscope
description: instrument is used in lab analyses A microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye.
