Dataset Overview | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)

Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, nutrients and other variables collected from discrete profile observations using CTD, Niskin bottle, and other instruments in the East Coast of the U.S. and Canada during the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown 3nd East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA3, or ECOA-3) cruise (EXPOCODE 33RO20220806) from 2022-08-06 to 2022-09-23 (NCEI Accession 0283329)

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The East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA-3) Cruise on board the R/V Ronald H. Brown from Newport, took place in the Gulf of Maine and then along the East US coast to Miami. The effort was in support of the coastal monitoring and research objectives of the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP). The cruise was designed to obtain a snapshot of key carbon, physical, and biogeochemical parameters as they relate to ocean acidification (OA) in the coastal realm. The cruise included a series of 24 transects approximately orthogonal to the Gulf of Maine and Atlantic coasts and a comprehensive set of underway measurements along the entire transect.

Dataset Citation

Cite as: Salisbury, Joseph E.; Shellito, Shawn M.; Cai, Wei-Jun (2023). Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, nutrients and other variables collected from discrete profile observations using CTD, Niskin bottle, and other instruments in the East Coast of the U.S. and Canada during the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown 3nd East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA3, or ECOA-3) cruise (EXPOCODE 33RO20220806) from 2022-08-06 to 2022-09-23 (NCEI Accession 0283329). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/bkv0-g714. Accessed [date].

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gov.noaa.nodc:0283329

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Distributor	NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
Dataset Point of Contact	NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov

Time Period	2022-08-06 to 2022-09-23
Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates	West: -81.1 East: -58.2 South: 26.9 North: 45.8
Spatial Coverage Map

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Associated Resources

Salisbury, Joseph; Shellito, Shawn (2019). East Coast Ocean Acidification Cruise (ECOA-2) Cruise Report. NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/ECOA/.
- https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/ECOA/
  related publication or dataset
Salisbury, Joseph E.; Shellito, Shawn M. (2019). Dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, PAR, temperature, salinity, and other variables collected from continuous CTD profiles using CTD and other instruments in the East Coast of the U.S. and Canada during the 2nd East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA2, or ECOA-2) cruise from 2018-06-25 to 2018-07-29 (NCEI Accession 0194299). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/ygfn-av43.
- https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0194299.html
  Related data
Salisbury, Joseph E.; Shellito, Shawn M. (2019). Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, Oxygen, and other variables collected from surface discrete observations using flow-through pump and other instruments in the East Coast of the U.S. and Canada during the 2nd East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA2, or ECOA-2) cruise from 2018-06-26 to 2018-07-28 (NCEI Accession 0196423). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/bh9e-we02.
- https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0196423.html
  Related data
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system
- https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system
  OCADS website

Publication Dates	publication: 2023-09-30
Data Presentation Form	Digital table - digital representation of facts or figures systematically displayed, especially in columns
Dataset Progress Status	Complete - production of the data has been completed Historical archive - data has been stored in an offline storage facility
Data Update Frequency	As needed
Supplemental Information	This dataset is associated with the following EXPOCODE(s): 33RO20220806, and cruise ID(s): ECOA-3. This data package (Submission ID: BG3BXX4GU) was acquired by NCEI from the Scientific Data Integration System (SDIS) at the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) in accordance with the archival submission agreement between NCEI and PMEL.
Purpose	To measure key carbon, physical and biogeochemical parameters in coastal waters of the Gulf of Maine and eastern coast of the US in relation to Ocean Acidification.
Use Limitations	accessLevel: Public Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.

Dataset Citation	Cite as: Salisbury, Joseph E.; Shellito, Shawn M.; Cai, Wei-Jun (2023). Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, nutrients and other variables collected from discrete profile observations using CTD, Niskin bottle, and other instruments in the East Coast of the U.S. and Canada during the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown 3nd East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA3, or ECOA-3) cruise (EXPOCODE 33RO20220806) from 2022-08-06 to 2022-09-23 (NCEI Accession 0283329). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/bkv0-g714. Accessed [date].
Cited Authors	Salisbury, Joseph E. Shellito, Shawn M. University of New Hampshire (UNH) Cai, Wei-Jun University of Delaware
Principal Investigators	Joseph E. Salisbury University of New Hampshire (UNH) Wei-Jun Cai University of Delaware; College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment Shawn M. Shellito University of New Hampshire (UNH)
Contributors	University of Delaware University of New Hampshire (UNH)
Resource Providers	Shawn M. Shellito University of New Hampshire (UNH) University of New Hampshire (UNH)
Publishers	NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
Acknowledgments	Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (ECOA III- The East Coast Ocean Acidification Cruise 2022 (UNH), 21931) Funding Information: NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program (ECOA3 Cruise, OAP1812-1527)

Theme keywords	NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS AMMONIUM (NH4) CHLOROPHYLL DEPTH - OBSERVATION DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) DISSOLVED OXYGEN nitrate + nitrite content (concentration) pH SALINITY silicate total alkalinity WATER TEMPERATURE NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS biological chemical discrete sample physical profile WMO_CategoryCode oceanography Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ALKALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > AMMONIA EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CHLOROPHYLL EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > NITRITE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > OXYGEN EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > SILICATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY OCADS Study Type Discrete measurement Profile Provider Variable Abbreviations Ammonium CTDOXY CTDSAL_PSS78 CTDTEMP_ITS90 DIC Delta_C13 Depth HPLC_chl_a Latitude Longitude Nitrate Nitrite Oxygen Phosphate Silicate TA UD_DIC pH_T_measured
Data Center keywords	NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS University of Delaware University of New Hampshire NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS University of New Hampshire
Platform keywords	NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords Ships ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes Ronald H. Brown (call sign: WTEC, ICES code: 33RO, 1997)
Instrument keywords	NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS bottle CTD thermistor Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth THERMISTORS > THERMISTORS
Place keywords	NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS East Coast - US/Canada North Atlantic Ocean Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
Project keywords	NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS US DOC; NOAA; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) Cruise ID ECOA-3 EXPOCODE 33RO20220806 Ocean Acidification Search Keywords Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project Reference Section ID Coastal
Keywords	NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 0283329

Use Constraints	Cite as: Salisbury, Joseph E.; Shellito, Shawn M.; Cai, Wei-Jun (2023). Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, nutrients and other variables collected from discrete profile observations using CTD, Niskin bottle, and other instruments in the East Coast of the U.S. and Canada during the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown 3nd East Coast Ocean Acidification (ECOA3, or ECOA-3) cruise (EXPOCODE 33RO20220806) from 2022-08-06 to 2022-09-23 (NCEI Accession 0283329). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/bkv0-g714. Accessed [date].
Access Constraints	Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
Fees	In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.

Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps	2023-09-30T13:07:22Z - NCEI Accession 0283329 v1.1 was published.
Output Datasets	NCEI Accession 0283329 v1.1 NCEI Accession 0283329 v1.1 (download) published 2023-09-30T13:07:22Z

Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps	Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile and surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: Two systems consisting of a coulometer (UIC Inc.) coupled with a Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Extractor (DICE) inlet system. DICE was developed by Esa Peltola and Denis Pierrot of NOAA/AOML and Dana Greeley of NOAA/PMEL to modernize a carbon extractor called SOMMA (Johnson et al. 1985, 1987, 1993, and 1999; Johnson 1992); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: "Samples for total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) measurements were drawn according to procedures outlined in the Handbook of Methods for CO2 Analysis (DOE 1994) from Niskin bottles into cleaned 294-ml glass bottles. Bottles were rinsed and filled from the bottom, leaving 6 ml of headspace; care was taken not to entrain any bubbles. After 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 solution was added as a preservative, the sample bottles were sealed with glass stoppers lightly covered with Apiezon-L grease and were stored at room temperature for a maximum of 12 hours prior to analysis. The DIC analytical equipment was set up in a seagoing laboratory van. The analysis was done by coulometry with two analytical systems (AOML3 and AOML4) used simultaneously on the cruise. In the coulometric analysis of DIC, all carbonate species are converted to CO2 (gas) by addition of excess hydrogen ion (acid) to the seawater sample, and the evolved CO2 gas is swept into the titration cell of the coulometer with pure air or compressed nitrogen, where it reacts quantitatively with a proprietary reagent based on ethanolamine to generate hydrogen ions. In this process, the solution changes from blue to colorless, triggering a current through the cell and causing coulometrical generation of OH– ions at the anode. The OH– ions react with the H+, and the solution turns blue again. A beam of light is shone through the solution, and a photometric detector at the opposite side of the cell senses the change in transmission. Once the percent transmission reaches its original value, the coulometric titration is stopped, and the amount of CO2 that enters the cell is determined by integrating the total charge during the titration. The pipette volume was determined by taking aliquots at known temperature of distilled water from the volumes. The weights with the appropriate densities were used to determine the volume of the pipettes. Calculation of the amount of CO2 injected was according to the CO2 handbook (DOE 1994). The instrument has a salinity sensor, but all DIC values were recalculated to a molar weight (µmol/kg) using density obtained from the CTD’s salinity. The DIC values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation. A correction was also applied for the offset from the CRM. This additive correction was applied for each cell using the CRM value obtained in the beginning of the cell. The average correction was 2.13 μmol/kg. While both systems worked very well during the cruise, they occasionally had high blanks. Normally the blank is less than 30, but we were forced to run them with blanks in the 12-38 range. Several relatively minor problems occurred with AOML 3 during the cruise; (1) A power problem on 06/20/2015 with the coulometer was resolved by plugging several items into different outlets instead of all into the same power strip, (2) Pipette filling problem (liquid level sensor error) which started on 06/28/2015 was resolved on 07/08/2015 by replacing sample tubing and valve/inlet 13, (3) the coulometer was malfunctioning on 07/10/2015 and not responding to the computer/labview program and was switched out with an older version coulometer (AOML5), which was used for the remainder of the cruise, and (4) a field point communication error occurred on 07/16/2015 and was resolved by tightening the serial port connection to DICE 3. AOML 4 worked well during the cruise with no problems. Underway samples were collected from the flow thru system in the Wet Lab during transits between station lines. Discrete DIC samples were collected every hour with duplicates every fifth sample. "; Replicate information: Duplicates were collected on most CTD stations and every 5th sample for the underway discrete sampling. A total of 230 duplicates were collected from the discrete CTD samples.; Standardization description: The coulometers were calibrated by injecting aliquots of pure CO2 (99.99%) by means of an 8-port valve outfitted with two sample loops with known gas volumes bracketing the amount of CO2 extracted from the water samples for the two AOML systems.; Standardization frequency: The stability of each coulometer cell solution was confirmed three different ways: two sets of gas loops were measured at the beginning; also the Certified Reference Material (CRM), Batch 188 &195, supplied by Dr. A. Dickson of SIO, was measured at the beginning; and the duplicate samples at the beginning, middle, and end of each cell solution. The coulometer cell solution was replaced after 25 mg of carbon was titrated, typically after 9–12 hours of continuous use.; CRM manufacturer: Dr. A. Dickson (SIO); CRM batch number: 188;195; Preservation method: saturated HgCl2; Preservative volume: 0.2 ml; Preservative correction: The DIC values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation. The total water volume of the sample bottles was 288 ml (calibrated by Esa Peltola, AOML). The correction factor used for dilution was 1.0007.; Uncertainty: none; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: DOE (U.S. Department of Energy). (1994). Handbook of Methods for the Analysis of the Various Parameters of the Carbon Dioxide System in Seawater. Version 2.0. ORNL/CDIAC-74. Ed. A. G. Dickson and C. Goyet. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Johnson, K.M., Körtzinger, A.; Mintrop, L.; Duinker, J.C.; and Wallace, D.W.R. (1999). Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Measurement and internal consistency of underway surface TCO2 concentrations. Marine Chemistry 67:123–44. Johnson, K.M., Wills, K.D.; Butler, D.B.; Johnson, W.K.; and Wong, C.S. (1993). Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Maximizing the performance of an automated gas extraction. Johnson, K.M. (1992). Operator’s Manual: Single-Operator Multiparameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA) for Total Carbon Dioxide (CT) with Coulometric Detection. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Brookhaven, N.Y. Johnson, K.M.; Williams, P.J.; Brandstrom, L.; and McN. Sieburth, J. (1987). Coulometric total carbon analysis for marine studies: Automation and calibration. Marine Chemistry 21:117–33.; Researcher name: Pis Leticia Barbero1,2 and Rik Wanninkhof1; Analysts Patrick Mears1,2 and Chuck Featherstone1; Researcher institution: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration1, University of Miami, CIMAS2. Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TA; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Laboratory experimeny; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: manipulation condition; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: Semi-automated total alkalinity titration system (AS-ALK2, Apollo Scitech). This system consists of two high precision Kloehn digital pumps which are equipped with 1 ml and 25 ml syringes, an Orion Star A211 pH meter (Thermo Scientific), and an Orion 8102BN ROSS combination pH electrode (Thermo Scientific), and a thermostated water bath.; Type of titration: Gran titration; Cell type (open or closed): open; Curve fitting method: Linear least squares regression; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: TA samples were collected directly from the Niskin bottle into 250 ml ground-glass borosilicate bottles without HgCl2 poisoning. TA was determined on 25 mL seawater samples by potentiometric titration, using 0.1 M hydrochloric acid and an open-cell titration system. All TA samples were analyzed in pre-thermostated glass cells. For each sample analysis, subsamples were sequentially analyzed at least twice until we obtained two replicates with a precision within 0.1%; Replicate information: 128 duplicates were sampled during the cruise.; Standardization description: The pH electrode was calibrated with three pH buffers (NBS) 4.01, 7.00, and 10.01. Recalibration was done every 12 to 24 hours. The concentration of HCl solution was standardized by the Certified Reference Material (CRM, batch#121 and batch#141). In addition, CRM was also used as sample to check the stability of the TA titration system every 12 hours or when necessary.; Standardization frequency: The concentration of hydrochloric acid was standardized once per day using the Certified Reference Material (CRM).; CRM manufacturer: Dr. A. G. Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; CRM batch number: 188;195; Preservation method: N/A; Preservative volume: N/A; Preservative correction: N/A; TA blank correction: N/A; Uncertainty: The precision of this method is better than 0.1% and accuracy is 0.1%.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: "Gran, G. (1952). ""Determination of the equivalence point in potentiometric titrations. Part II."" Analyst 77(920): 661-671.Cai, W. J., X. P. Hu, W. J. Huang, L. Q. Jiang, Y. C. Wang, T. H. Peng and X. Zhang (2010). ""Alkalinity distribution in the western North Atlantic Ocean margins."" Journal of Geophysical Research 115: C08014.Huang, W. J., Y. C. Wang and W. J. Cai (2012). ""Assessment of sample storage techniques for total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater."" Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 10: 711-717.Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine and J. R. Christian (2007). ""Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements."""; Researcher name: Wei-Jun Cai; Researcher institution: University of Delaware. Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH_T_measured; pH scale: Total scale (T); Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: manipulation condition; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: The pH was measured using the spectrophotometric method on the total hydrogen ion concentration pH scale. The analyzing system consists of an Agilent 8453 UV-visible spectroscopy system, a high precision Kloehn digital pump, a 10-cm light path quartz cell, a thermostated water bath, and a custom-made temperature-control system for spectrophotometer cell.; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Seawater was sampled directly from the Niskin bottle into a narrow neck 125 mL borosilicate glass bottle. After filling the bottle, we let several hundred mL of seawater overflow and then capped the bottle. While awaiting analysis, the samples were stored in the dark. Seawater was analyzed within 2 hours of collection. During analysis, the absorbance of a seawater blank was first measured at three wavelengths (578, 434, and 730 nm). Then the absorbance of the mixture of concentrated purified dye m-cresol purple (30 micro-liter, ~2 mmol/L, MCP) and seawater was measured at the same wavelengths. In addition, a double dye addition experiment was carried out at sea to evaluate the influence on pH due to the addition of dye into seawater.; Replicate information: 230 duplicates were sampled during the cruise.; Standardization description: The pH data was guaranteed by purified m-cresol purple which was supplied by Dr. Robert H. Byrne at University of South Florida.; At what temperature was pH reported: 20 C and 25 C. Reported at the temperature of measurement.; Uncertainty: < 0.001 pH units; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: "Liu, X. W., M. C. Patsavas and R. H. Byrne (2011). ""Purification and Characterization of meta-Cresol Purple for Spectrophotometric Seawater pH Measurements."" Environmental Science & Technology 45(11): 4862-4868.Clayton, T. D. and R. H. Byrne (1993). ""Spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements - total hydrogen-ion concentration scale calibration of m-cresol purple and at-sea results."" Deep-Sea Research Part I 40(10): 2115-2129.Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine and J. R. Christian (2007). ""Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements."""; Researcher name: Wei-Jun Cai; Researcher institution: University of Delaware. Parameter or Variable: CTD Depth; Abbreviation: Depth; Unit: m; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird SBE-911plus CTD system; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A detailed and more complete description is available in the cruise report at: ECOA3_Cruise_Report CTD/rosette casts were performed with a package consisting of a 24-place, 10-liter rosette frame (AOML’s yellow frame), a 24-place water sampler/pylon (SBE32) and 24, 10-liter Bullister/Niskin-style bottles. This package was deployed on all stations/casts. Underwater electronic components consisted of a Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 9 plus CTD with dual pumps and the following sensors: dual temperature (SBE3), dual conductivity (SBE4), dual dissolved oxygen (SBE43), and a PSA-916 Altimeter. The CTDs supplied a standard Sea-Bird format data stream at a data rate of 24 frames/second. The SBE9plus CTD was connected to the SBE32 24-place pylon providing for single-conductor sea cable operation. Power to the SBE9plus CTD, SBE32 pylon, auxiliary sensors, and altimeter was provided through the sea cable from the SBE11plus deck unit in the computer lab. The raw CTD data and bottle trips acquired by SBE Seasave on the Windows 7 workstation were processed from hex files to cnv files and then into bottle files. Post cruise data processing was completed on a Windows 7 machine running SEABIRD SBE DATA Processing version 7.22.5; Method reference: N/A; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire. Parameter or Variable: CTD Temperature Primary; Abbreviation: CTDTEMP_ITS90; Unit: deg_C; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird SBE-911plus CTD system; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A detailed and more complete description is available in the cruise report at: ECOA3_Cruise_Report CTD/rosette casts were performed with a package consisting of a 24-place, 10-liter rosette frame, a 24-place water sampler/pylon (SBE32) and 24, 10-liter Bullister/Niskin-style bottles. This package was deployed on all stations/casts. Underwater electronic components consisted of a Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 9 plus CTD with dual pumps and the following sensors: dual temperature (SBE3), dual conductivity (SBE4), dual dissolved oxygen (SBE43), and a PSA-916 Altimeter. The CTDs supplied a standard Sea-Bird format data stream at a data rate of 24 frames/second. The SBE9plus CTD was connected to the SBE32 24-place pylon providing for single-conductor sea cable operation. Power to the SBE9plus CTD, SBE32 pylon, auxiliary sensors, and altimeter was provided through the sea cable from the SBE11plus deck unit in the computer lab. The raw CTD data and bottle trips acquired by SBE Seasave on the Windows 7 workstation were processed from hex files to cnv files and then into bottle files. Post cruise data processing was completed on a Windows 7 machine running SEABIRD SBE DATA Processing version 7.22.5; Uncertainty: Calibration accuracy was examined by comparing T1-T2 over a range of station numbers and depths (bottle trip locations) for each cast. For the entire cruise, only one set of temperature sensors were used, both tracked each other very well. These comparisons show a median temperature difference between the two sensors of 0.001 degree C.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: ECOA3_Cruise_Report; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire. Parameter or Variable: CTD Primary Salinity; Abbreviation: CTDSAL_PSS78; Unit: N/A; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: calculated; Sampling instrument: CTD; Analyzing instrument: Sea-Bird SBE-911plus CTD system; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A detailed and more complete description is available in the cruise report at: ECOA3_Cruise_Report CTD/rosette casts were performed with a package consisting of a 24-place, 10-liter rosette frame, a 24-place water sampler/pylon (SBE32) and 24, 10-liter Bullister/Niskin-style bottles. This package was deployed on all stations/casts. Underwater electronic components consisted of a Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 9 plus CTD with dual pumps and the following sensors: dual temperature (SBE3), dual conductivity (SBE4), dual dissolved oxygen (SBE43), and a EPSA-916 Altimeter. The CTDs supplied a standard Sea-Bird format data stream at a data rate of 24 frames/second. The SBE9plus CTD was connected to the SBE32 24-place pylon providing for single-conductor sea cable operation. Power to the SBE9plus CTD, SBE32 pylon, auxiliary sensors, and altimeter was provided through the sea cable from the SBE11plus deck unit in the computer lab. The raw CTD data and bottle trips acquired by SBE Seasave on the Windows 7 workstation were processed from hex files to cnv files and then into bottle files. Post cruise data processing was completed on a Windows 7 machine running SEABIRD SBE DATA Processing version 7.22.5; Uncertainty: Conductivity sensor calibration coefficients derived from the pre-cruise calibrations were applied to raw primary and secondary conductivities. Comparisons between the primary and secondary sensors and between each of the sensors to check sample conductivities. There was a consistent offset of +0.0336 between sensors. If that offset was added to S2 it would give a median salinity difference between sensors of 0.0002 PSU.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: ECOA3_Cruise_Report; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire. Parameter or Variable: CTD oxygen concentration; Abbreviation: CTDOXY; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird SBE-911plus CTD system; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A detailed and more complete description is available in the cruise report at: ECOA3_Cruise_Report CTD/rosette casts were performed with a package consisting of a 24-place, 10-liter rosette frame, a 24-place water sampler/pylon (SBE32) and 24, 10-liter Bullister/Niskin-style bottles. This package was deployed on all stations/casts. Underwater electronic components consisted of a Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 9 plus CTD with dual pumps and the following sensors: dual temperature (SBE3), dual conductivity (SBE4), dual dissolved oxygen (SBE43), and a EPSA-916 Altimeter. The CTDs supplied a standard Sea-Bird format data stream at a data rate of 24 frames/second. The SBE9plus CTD was connected to the SBE32 24-place pylon providing for single-conductor sea cable operation. Power to the SBE9plus CTD, SBE32 pylon, auxiliary sensors, and altimeter was provided through the sea cable from the SBE11plus deck unit in the computer lab. The raw CTD data and bottle trips acquired by SBE Seasave on the Windows 7 workstation were processed from hex files to cnv files and then into bottle files. Post cruise data processing was completed on a Windows 7 machine running SEABIRD SBE DATA Processing version 7.22.5; Uncertainty: The DO sensors were compared to dissolved O2 check samples by matching the up cast bottle trips to CTD bottle files which produced an RMSE of±1.75 µmol/kg; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: ECOA3_Cruise_Report; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire. Parameter or Variable: Latitude; Abbreviation: Latitude; Unit: decimal degrees; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: MX420 DGPS; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: ECOA3_Cruise_Report; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire. Parameter or Variable: Longitude; Abbreviation: Longitude; Unit: decimal degrees; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: MX420 DGPS; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: ECOA3_Cruise_Report; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire. Parameter or Variable: Bottle Dissolved Oxygen; Abbreviation: Oxygen; Unit: µmol/kg; Observation type: Profile and surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: Automated oxygen titrator using amperometric end-point detection (Langdon 2010).; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were drawn from all casts and all Niskin bottles into volumetrically calibrated 125 ml iodine titration flasks using Tygon tubing with a silicone adaptor that fit over the petcock to avoid contamination of DOC samples. Bottles were rinsed three times and filled from the bottom, overflowing three volumes while taking care not to entrain any bubbles. The draw temperature was taken using a digital thermometer with a flexible thermistor probe that was inserted into the flask while the sample was being drawn during the overflow period. These temperatures were used to calculate concentrations, and a diagnostic check of Niskin bottle integrity. One ml of MnCl2 and one ml of NaOH/NaI were added immediately after drawing of the sample was concluded using a Repipetor, the flasks were then stoppered and shaken well. DIW was added to the neck of each flask to create a water seal. The flasks were stored in the lab in plastic totes at room temperature for at least 1 hour before analysis. Twenty-four samples plus duplicates were drawn from each station except the shallow coastal stations where fewer samples were drawn depending on the depth or as directed by the chief scientist. Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed with an automated oxygen titrator using amperometric end-point detection (Langdon 2010). The titration of the samples and the data logging and graphical display was performed on a PC running a LabView program written by Ulises Rivero of AOML. The titrations were performed in a climate controlled lab at 18.5-20 degrees Celsius. Thiosulfate was dispensed by a 2 ml Gilmont syringe driven with a stepper motor controlled by the titrator. Tests in the lab were performed to confirm that the precision and accuracy of the volume dispensed were comparable or superior to the Dosimat 665. The whole-bottle titration technique of Carpenter (1965) with modifications by Culberson et al. (1991) was used. Four to three replicate 10 ml iodate standards were run 13 times during the cruise. The reagent blank was determined at the beginning and end of the cruise. A titration was made to 1 ml of iodate standard. The volume of thiosulfate required for the titration is V1. An additional 1 ml of standard was added to the titrated sample and titrated again. The volume of thiosulfate used for the second titration is V2. The reagent blank was determined as the difference between V1 and V2.; Replicate information: 225 duplicate samples were drawn.; Uncertainty: The preliminary difference between replicates averaged 0.34 μmol kg-1; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Carpenter, J.H. (1965). The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the Winkler dissolved oxygen method. Limnol. Oceanogr. 10: 141-143 Culberson, C.H. and Huang, S. (1987). Automated amperometric oxygen titration. Deep-Sea Res. 34: 875-880. Culberson, C.H.; Knapp, G.; Stalcup, M.; Williams, R.T. and Zemlyak, F. (1991). A comparison of methods for the determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater. WHP Operations and Methods. Langdon, C. (2010). Determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater by Winkler titration using the amperometric technique. The GO-SHIP Repeat Hydrography Manual: A Collection of Expert Reports and Guidelines. E. M. Hood, C. L. Sabine and B. M. Sloyan, IOCCP Report Number 14, ICPO Publication Series Number 134.; Researcher name: Chris Langdon; Researcher institution: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science/University of Miami. Parameter or Variable: DIC; Abbreviation: UD_DIC; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile and surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Discrete CTD samples for DIC and δ13C-DIC measurements were sampled from Niskin bottles at a variety of depths with one to two duplicates according to procedures outlined in the PICES Special Publication, Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements. Pre-combusted (550 ℃ for 4 h) 250 mL borosilicate glass bottles were rinsed three times before being filled from the bottom, with at least half the bottle volume of overflow. 1 mL of water was extracted to allow thermal expansion and 50 μL of saturated HgCl2 solution was added to poison biological activities. Sample bottles were then sealed with Apiezon-L grease and stoppers were fixed with rubber bands and clips. The samples were either stored at room temperature for at least 24 hours until water temperature approaches room temperature before onboard analysis or stored in coolers for transporting back home. Underway samples for DIC and δ13C-DIC analyses were collected every 2 hours from the flow-through system in the Hydro Lab during transits between stations. Underway samples were stored at room temperature for about 5 hours before onboard analysis. For each measurement, 6.5 mL of water sample and 1.6 mL of phosphoric acid (2% vol./vol. H3PO4 with 7% wt./vol. NaCl) were drawn by the multi-valve pump coupled with a 10 mL syringe. The sample was injected and acidified in the reactor, converting all carbonate species to CO2, which was then sent to the CRDS analyzer using CO2-free compressed air at a 60 mL/min flow rate. The CO2 concentration and δ13C-CO2 were concurrently measured via the CRDS, with data recorded at approximately a 1 Hz frequency for about 500 seconds. The analytical cycle would complete when the CO2 concentration fell beneath a predetermined threshold (i.e., the deviation between 15 successive data points of CO2 reading was less than 5 ppm above the initial baseline) or if the change dipped below a preset threshold (i.e., the standard deviation of CO2 for 15 consecutive data points was less than 0.16 ppm). The net integration area for DIC is computed by integrating the area beneath the CO2 concentration curve over the baseline. The δ13C-DIC, defined as per mil deviations from the reference standard Vienna PeeDee Belemnite (V-PDB), is ascertained as the CO2-weighted average of δ13C-CO2 data, applying a cutoff of 400 ppm to avoid high noise at reduced CO2 signals. Each sample was subjected to a minimum of two and up to four consecutive measurements to achieve the preset relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.1% for DIC and 0.06 for δ13C-DIC. All measurements were carried out in a temperature-regulated environment (T = 20 ± 2 °C), with temperature variations documented using a thermometer. All DIC values were converted to a molar weight (μmol/kg) using density derived from the recorded temperature during measurements and the CTD salinity.; Replicate information: In order to determine the DIC concentration and δ13C-DIC values, three batches of homemade NaHCO3 solutions with different δ13C values were used as reference standards, which were calibrated every 3 days against the Certified Reference Material (CRM) provided by Dr. Andrew Dickson of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography. Throughout the analytical period, homemade standards were sub-sampled into 12-ml glass vials weekly and then sent to the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility for δ13C-DIC analysis. In their approach, DIC in water was converted to headspace CO2 using phosphoric acid and analyzed using headspace equilibration technique with a Thermo Scientific GasBench II and Thermo Finnigan Delta Plus XL isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). The δ13C-DIC values, obtained through Gasbench-IRMS method at the facility, were utilized to calibrate the CRDS measurements of δ13C-DIC.; Uncertainty: In the overall assessment, the mean relative standard deviations (RSD) for DIC of house standards replicates and CRMs are within 0.09%, and the mean standard deviations (SD) for δ13C-DIC are within 0.06‰. The mean relative accuracy for DIC of CRMs is 0.07%. Additionally, the average offset of house standards and CRMs in δ13C-DIC, relative to the Gasbench-IRMS results from the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility, is within 0.02‰. The mean RSD of the sample duplicates is 0.08% for DIC, and the mean SD is 0.04‰ for δ13C-DIC.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: A. Dickson, S. Chris, J. R. Christian, Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements. (2007). J. Su, W.-J. Cai, N. Hussain, J. Brodeur, B. Chen, K. Huang, Simultaneous determination of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and stable isotope (δ13C-DIC) by Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy: Application to study carbonate dynamics in the Chesapeake Bay. Marine Chemistry 215, 103689 (2019). X. Deng, Q. Li, J. Su, C.-Y. Liu, E. Atekwana, W.-J. Cai, Performance evaluations and applications of a δ13C-DIC analyzer in seawater and estuarine waters. Science of The Total Environment 833, 155013 (2022).; Researcher name: Zhentao Sun, Zhangxian Ouyang, and Wei-Jun Cai; Researcher institution: University of Delaware. Parameter or Variable: δ13C-DIC Carbon Isotope measurements; Abbreviation: Delta_C13; Unit: ppt; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Discrete CTD samples for DIC and δ13C-DIC measurements were sampled from Niskin bottles at a variety of depths with one to two duplicates according to procedures outlined in the PICES Special Publication, Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements. Pre-combusted (550 ℃ for 4 h) 250 mL borosilicate glass bottles were rinsed three times before being filled from the bottom, with at least half the bottle volume of overflow. 1 mL of water was extracted to allow thermal expansion and 50 μL of saturated HgCl2 solution was added to poison biological activities. Sample bottles were then sealed with Apiezon-L grease and stoppers were fixed with rubber bands and clips. The samples were either stored at room temperature for at least 24 hours until water temperature approaches room temperature before onboard analysis or stored in coolers for transporting back home. Underway samples for DIC and δ13C-DIC analyses were collected every 2 hours from the flow-through system in the Hydro Lab during transits between stations. Underway samples were stored at room temperature for about 5 hours before onboard analysis. For each measurement, 6.5 mL of water sample and 1.6 mL of phosphoric acid (2% vol./vol. H3PO4 with 7% wt./vol. NaCl) were drawn by the multi-valve pump coupled with a 10 mL syringe. The sample was injected and acidified in the reactor, converting all carbonate species to CO2, which was then sent to the CRDS analyzer using CO2-free compressed air at a 60 mL/min flow rate. The CO2 concentration and δ13C-CO2 were concurrently measured via the CRDS, with data recorded at approximately a 1 Hz frequency for about 500 seconds. The analytical cycle would complete when the CO2 concentration fell beneath a predetermined threshold (i.e., the deviation between 15 successive data points of CO2 reading was less than 5 ppm above the initial baseline) or if the change dipped below a preset threshold (i.e., the standard deviation of CO2 for 15 consecutive data points was less than 0.16 ppm). The net integration area for DIC is computed by integrating the area beneath the CO2 concentration curve over the baseline. The δ13C-DIC, defined as per mil deviations from the reference standard Vienna PeeDee Belemnite (V-PDB), is ascertained as the CO2-weighted average of δ13C-CO2 data, applying a cutoff of 400 ppm to avoid high noise at reduced CO2 signals. Each sample was subjected to a minimum of two and up to four consecutive measurements to achieve the preset relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.1% for DIC and 0.06 for δ13C-DIC. All measurements were carried out in a temperature-regulated environment (T = 20 ± 2 °C), with temperature variations documented using a thermometer. All DIC values were converted to a molar weight (μmol/kg) using density derived from the recorded temperature during measurements and the CTD salinity.; Replicate information: In order to determine the DIC concentration and δ13C-DIC values, three batches of homemade NaHCO3 solutions with different δ13C values were used as reference standards, which were calibrated every 3 days against the Certified Reference Material (CRM) provided by Dr. Andrew Dickson of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography. Throughout the analytical period, homemade standards were sub-sampled into 12-ml glass vials weekly and then sent to the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility for δ13C-DIC analysis. In their approach, DIC in water was converted to headspace CO2 using phosphoric acid and analyzed using headspace equilibration technique with a Thermo Scientific GasBench II and Thermo Finnigan Delta Plus XL isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). The δ13C-DIC values, obtained through Gasbench-IRMS method at the facility, were utilized to calibrate the CRDS measurements of δ13C-DIC.; Uncertainty: In the overall assessment, the mean relative standard deviations (RSD) for DIC of house standards replicates and CRMs are within 0.09%, and the mean standard deviations (SD) for δ13C-DIC are within 0.06‰. The mean relative accuracy for DIC of CRMs is 0.07%. Additionally, the average offset of house standards and CRMs in δ13C-DIC, relative to the Gasbench-IRMS results from the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility, is within 0.02‰. The mean RSD of the sample duplicates is 0.08% for DIC, and the mean SD is 0.04‰ for δ13C-DIC.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: A. Dickson, S. Chris, J. R. Christian, Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements. (2007). J. Su, W.-J. Cai, N. Hussain, J. Brodeur, B. Chen, K. Huang, Simultaneous determination of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and stable isotope (δ13C-DIC) by Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy: Application to study carbonate dynamics in the Chesapeake Bay. Marine Chemistry 215, 103689 (2019). X. Deng, Q. Li, J. Su, C.-Y. Liu, E. Atekwana, W.-J. Cai, Performance evaluations and applications of a δ13C-DIC analyzer in seawater and estuarine waters. Science of The Total Environment 833, 155013 (2022).; Researcher name: Zhentao Sun, Zhangxian Ouyang, and Wei-Jun Cai; Researcher institution: University of Delaware. Parameter or Variable: Nitrate - Nitrate (NO3) content. This term should not be used to indicate nitrate plus nitrite content, although the distinction is generally small because nitrate >> nitrite.; Abbreviation: Nitrate; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: The samples were analyzed for nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium using a Seal Analytical continuous-flow AutoAnalyzer 3 (AA3) according to the procedures described by Gordon et al (1992), Hager et al (1972), and Atlas et al (1971).; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Nutrient samples were collected from Niskin bottles, after at least three seawater rinses. 20-30ml of water were collected for each sample. Samples were kept refrigerated for the duration of ECOA-3 for later analysis. Samples were analyzed for nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO4- 3), silica (SiO2) nitrite (NO2-) and ammounium (NH4).; Uncertainty: Separate nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium standards are prepared by dissolving high purity standard materials (NaNO2, KH2PO4, Na2SiF6, NaNO2, and (NH4)2SO4) in fresh distilled deionized water. Standardizations are performed at the beginning of each group of samples. New standards are compared to the old before use.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Atlas, E.L., Hager, S.W., Gordon, L.I., and Park, P.K., "A Practical Manual for Use of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer in Seawater Nutrient Analyses Revised," Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22, Oregon State University, Department of Oceanography, pp.49 (1971). Gordon, L.I., Jennings, J.C., Ross, A.A., and Krest, J.M., "A suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study," Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1, OSU College of Oceanography Descr. Chem Oc. (1992). Hager, S.W., Atlas, E.L., Gordon L.I., Mantyla, A.W., and Park, P.K., " A comparison at sea of manual and autoanalyzer analyses of phosphate, nitrate, and silicate ," Limnology and Oceanography, 17, pp.931-937 (1972).; Researcher name: Susan Becker and Joe Becker; Researcher institution: Scripps Insitution of Oceanography. Parameter or Variable: Phosphate (total dissolved inorganic phosphate: H2PO4−, HPO42−, PO43−) content; Abbreviation: Phosphate; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: The samples were analyzed for nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium using a Seal Analytical continuous-flow AutoAnalyzer 3 (AA3) according to the procedures described by Gordon et al (1992), Hager et al (1972), and Atlas et al (1971).; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Nutrient samples were collected from Niskin bottles, after at least three seawater rinses. 20-30ml of water were collected for each sample. Samples were kept refrigerated for the duration of ECOA-3 for later analysis. Samples were analyzed for nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO4- 3), silica (SiO2) nitrite (NO2-) and ammounium (NH4).; Uncertainty: Separate nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium standards are prepared by dissolving high purity standard materials (NaNO2, KH2PO4, Na2SiF6, NaNO2, and (NH4)2SO4) in fresh distilled deionized water. Standardizations are performed at the beginning of each group of samples. New standards are compared to the old before use.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Atlas, E.L., Hager, S.W., Gordon, L.I., and Park, P.K., "A Practical Manual for Use of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer in Seawater Nutrient Analyses Revised," Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22, Oregon State University, Department of Oceanography, pp.49 (1971). Gordon, L.I., Jennings, J.C., Ross, A.A., and Krest, J.M., "A suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study," Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1, OSU College of Oceanography Descr. Chem Oc. (1992). Hager, S.W., Atlas, E.L., Gordon L.I., Mantyla, A.W., and Park, P.K., " A comparison at sea of manual and autoanalyzer analyses of phosphate, nitrate, and silicate ," Limnology and Oceanography, 17, pp.931-937 (1972).; Researcher name: Susan Becker; Researcher institution: Scripps Insitution of Oceanography. Parameter or Variable: Silicate (total dissolved inorganic silicate: Si(OH)4, H4SiO4, SiO2, Sil) content; Abbreviation: Silicate; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: The samples were analyzed for nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium using a Seal Analytical continuous-flow AutoAnalyzer 3 (AA3) according to the procedures described by Gordon et al (1992), Hager et al (1972), and Atlas et al (1971).; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Nutrient samples were collected from Niskin bottles, after at least three seawater rinses. 20-30ml of water were collected for each sample. Samples were kept refrigerated for the duration of ECOA-3 for later analysis. Samples were analyzed for nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO4- 3), silica (SiO2) nitrite (NO2-) and ammounium (NH4).; Uncertainty: Separate nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium standards are prepared by dissolving high purity standard materials (NaNO2, KH2PO4, Na2SiF6, NaNO2, and (NH4)2SO4) in fresh distilled deionized water. Standardizations are performed at the beginning of each group of samples. New standards are compared to the old before use.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Atlas, E.L., Hager, S.W., Gordon, L.I., and Park, P.K., "A Practical Manual for Use of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer in Seawater Nutrient Analyses Revised," Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22, Oregon State University, Department of Oceanography, pp.49 (1971). Gordon, L.I., Jennings, J.C., Ross, A.A., and Krest, J.M., "A suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study," Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1, OSU College of Oceanography Descr. Chem Oc. (1992). Hager, S.W., Atlas, E.L., Gordon L.I., Mantyla, A.W., and Park, P.K., " A comparison at sea of manual and autoanalyzer analyses of phosphate, nitrate, and silicate ," Limnology and Oceanography, 17, pp.931-937 (1972).; Researcher name: Susan Becker and Joe Becker; Researcher institution: Scripps Insitution of Oceanography. Parameter or Variable: Nitrite -Nitrite (NO2) content; Abbreviation: Nitrite; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: The samples were analyzed for nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium using a Seal Analytical continuous-flow AutoAnalyzer 3 (AA3) according to the procedures described by Gordon et al (1992), Hager et al (1972), and Atlas et al (1971).; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Nutrient samples were collected from Niskin bottles, after at least three seawater rinses. 20-30ml of water were collected for each sample. Samples were kept refrigerated for the duration of ECOA-3 for later analysis. Samples were analyzed for nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO4- 3), silica (SiO2) nitrite (NO2-) and ammounium (NH4).; Uncertainty: Separate nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium standards are prepared by dissolving high purity standard materials (NaNO2, KH2PO4, Na2SiF6, NaNO2, and (NH4)2SO4) in fresh distilled deionized water. Standardizations are performed at the beginning of each group of samples. New standards are compared to the old before use.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Atlas, E.L., Hager, S.W., Gordon, L.I., and Park, P.K., "A Practical Manual for Use of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer in Seawater Nutrient Analyses Revised," Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22, Oregon State University, Department of Oceanography, pp.49 (1971). Gordon, L.I., Jennings, J.C., Ross, A.A., and Krest, J.M., "A suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study," Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1, OSU College of Oceanography Descr. Chem Oc. (1992). Hager, S.W., Atlas, E.L., Gordon L.I., Mantyla, A.W., and Park, P.K., " A comparison at sea of manual and autoanalyzer analyses of phosphate, nitrate, and silicate ," Limnology and Oceanography, 17, pp.931-937 (1972).; Researcher name: Susan Becker and Joe Becker; Researcher institution: Scripps Insitution of Oceanography. Parameter or Variable: Ammonium -Ammonium (NH4+ and NH3) content; Abbreviation: Ammonium; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: The samples were analyzed for nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium using a Seal Analytical continuous-flow AutoAnalyzer 3 (AA3) according to the procedures described by Gordon et al (1992), Hager et al (1972), and Atlas et al (1971).; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Nutrient samples were collected from Niskin bottles, after at least three seawater rinses. 20-30ml of water were collected for each sample. Samples were kept refrigerated for the duration of ECOA-3 for later analysis. Samples were analyzed for nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO4- 3), silica (SiO2) nitrite (NO2-) and ammounium (NH4).; Uncertainty: Separate nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium standards are prepared by dissolving high purity standard materials (NaNO2, KH2PO4, Na2SiF6, NaNO2, and (NH4)2SO4) in fresh distilled deionized water. Standardizations are performed at the beginning of each group of samples. New standards are compared to the old before use.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Atlas, E.L., Hager, S.W., Gordon, L.I., and Park, P.K., "A Practical Manual for Use of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer in Seawater Nutrient Analyses Revised," Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22, Oregon State University, Department of Oceanography, pp.49 (1971). Gordon, L.I., Jennings, J.C., Ross, A.A., and Krest, J.M., "A suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study," Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1, OSU College of Oceanography Descr. Chem Oc. (1992). Hager, S.W., Atlas, E.L., Gordon L.I., Mantyla, A.W., and Park, P.K., " A comparison at sea of manual and autoanalyzer analyses of phosphate, nitrate, and silicate ," Limnology and Oceanography, 17, pp.931-937 (1972).; Researcher name: Susan Becker and Joe Becker; Researcher institution: Scripps Insitution of Oceanography. Parameter or Variable: chlorophyll a concentration via pigment scan; Abbreviation: HPLC_chl_a; Unit: umol/kg; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were taken with a niskin bottle from the surface, mix layer, and where applicable at a third depth between the surface and mix layer. The samples were run through precombusted (6 hours at 450 degree C) 25mm GFF filters, placed in precombusted aluminum foil, and stored in liquid nitrogen until analysis.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Van Heukelem, L. and C.S. Thomas, 2001: Computer-assisted high-performance liquid chromatography method development with applications to the isolation and analysis of phytoplankton pigments. J.Chromatogr. A, 910, 31-49.; Researcher name: Antonio Mannino; Researcher institution: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center .

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Processing Steps

Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile and surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: Two systems consisting of a coulometer (UIC Inc.) coupled with a Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Extractor (DICE) inlet system. DICE was developed by Esa Peltola and Denis Pierrot of NOAA/AOML and Dana Greeley of NOAA/PMEL to modernize a carbon extractor called SOMMA (Johnson et al. 1985, 1987, 1993, and 1999; Johnson 1992); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: "Samples for total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) measurements were drawn according to procedures outlined in the Handbook of Methods for CO2 Analysis (DOE 1994) from Niskin bottles into cleaned 294-ml glass bottles. Bottles were rinsed and filled from the bottom, leaving 6 ml of headspace; care was taken not to entrain any bubbles. After 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 solution was added as a preservative, the sample bottles were sealed with glass stoppers lightly covered with Apiezon-L grease and were stored at room temperature for a maximum of 12 hours prior to analysis. The DIC analytical equipment was set up in a seagoing laboratory van. The analysis was done by coulometry with two analytical systems (AOML3 and AOML4) used simultaneously on the cruise. In the coulometric analysis of DIC, all carbonate species are converted to CO2 (gas) by addition of excess hydrogen ion (acid) to the seawater sample, and the evolved CO2 gas is swept into the titration cell of the coulometer with pure air or compressed nitrogen, where it reacts quantitatively with a proprietary reagent based on ethanolamine to generate hydrogen ions. In this process, the solution changes from blue to colorless, triggering a current through the cell and causing coulometrical generation of OH– ions at the anode. The OH– ions react with the H+, and the solution turns blue again. A beam of light is shone through the solution, and a photometric detector at the opposite side of the cell senses the change in transmission. Once the percent transmission reaches its original value, the coulometric titration is stopped, and the amount of CO2 that enters the cell is determined by integrating the total charge during the titration. The pipette volume was determined by taking aliquots at known temperature of distilled water from the volumes. The weights with the appropriate densities were used to determine the volume of the pipettes. Calculation of the amount of CO2 injected was according to the CO2 handbook (DOE 1994). The instrument has a salinity sensor, but all DIC values were recalculated to a molar weight (µmol/kg) using density obtained from the CTD’s salinity. The DIC values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation. A correction was also applied for the offset from the CRM. This additive correction was applied for each cell using the CRM value obtained in the beginning of the cell. The average correction was 2.13 μmol/kg. While both systems worked very well during the cruise, they occasionally had high blanks. Normally the blank is less than 30, but we were forced to run them with blanks in the 12-38 range. Several relatively minor problems occurred with AOML 3 during the cruise; (1) A power problem on 06/20/2015 with the coulometer was resolved by plugging several items into different outlets instead of all into the same power strip, (2) Pipette filling problem (liquid level sensor error) which started on 06/28/2015 was resolved on 07/08/2015 by replacing sample tubing and valve/inlet 13, (3) the coulometer was malfunctioning on 07/10/2015 and not responding to the computer/labview program and was switched out with an older version coulometer (AOML5), which was used for the remainder of the cruise, and (4) a field point communication error occurred on 07/16/2015 and was resolved by tightening the serial port connection to DICE 3. AOML 4 worked well during the cruise with no problems. Underway samples were collected from the flow thru system in the Wet Lab during transits between station lines. Discrete DIC samples were collected every hour with duplicates every fifth sample. "; Replicate information: Duplicates were collected on most CTD stations and every 5th sample for the underway discrete sampling. A total of 230 duplicates were collected from the discrete CTD samples.; Standardization description: The coulometers were calibrated by injecting aliquots of pure CO2 (99.99%) by means of an 8-port valve outfitted with two sample loops with known gas volumes bracketing the amount of CO2 extracted from the water samples for the two AOML systems.; Standardization frequency: The stability of each coulometer cell solution was confirmed three different ways: two sets of gas loops were measured at the beginning; also the Certified Reference Material (CRM), Batch 188 &195, supplied by Dr. A. Dickson of SIO, was measured at the beginning; and the duplicate samples at the beginning, middle, and end of each cell solution. The coulometer cell solution was replaced after 25 mg of carbon was titrated, typically after 9–12 hours of continuous use.; CRM manufacturer: Dr. A. Dickson (SIO); CRM batch number: 188;195; Preservation method: saturated HgCl2; Preservative volume: 0.2 ml; Preservative correction: The DIC values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation. The total water volume of the sample bottles was 288 ml (calibrated by Esa Peltola, AOML). The correction factor used for dilution was 1.0007.; Uncertainty: none; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: DOE (U.S. Department of Energy). (1994). Handbook of Methods for the Analysis of the Various Parameters of the Carbon Dioxide System in Seawater. Version 2.0. ORNL/CDIAC-74. Ed. A. G. Dickson and C. Goyet. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn. Johnson, K.M., Körtzinger, A.; Mintrop, L.; Duinker, J.C.; and Wallace, D.W.R. (1999). Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Measurement and internal consistency of underway surface TCO2 concentrations. Marine Chemistry 67:123–44. Johnson, K.M., Wills, K.D.; Butler, D.B.; Johnson, W.K.; and Wong, C.S. (1993). Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Maximizing the performance of an automated gas extraction. Johnson, K.M. (1992). Operator’s Manual: Single-Operator Multiparameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA) for Total Carbon Dioxide (CT) with Coulometric Detection. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Brookhaven, N.Y. Johnson, K.M.; Williams, P.J.; Brandstrom, L.; and McN. Sieburth, J. (1987). Coulometric total carbon analysis for marine studies: Automation and calibration. Marine Chemistry 21:117–33.; Researcher name: Pis Leticia Barbero1,2 and Rik Wanninkhof1; Analysts Patrick Mears1,2 and Chuck Featherstone1; Researcher institution: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration1, University of Miami, CIMAS2.
Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TA; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Laboratory experimeny; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: manipulation condition; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: Semi-automated total alkalinity titration system (AS-ALK2, Apollo Scitech). This system consists of two high precision Kloehn digital pumps which are equipped with 1 ml and 25 ml syringes, an Orion Star A211 pH meter (Thermo Scientific), and an Orion 8102BN ROSS combination pH electrode (Thermo Scientific), and a thermostated water bath.; Type of titration: Gran titration; Cell type (open or closed): open; Curve fitting method: Linear least squares regression; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: TA samples were collected directly from the Niskin bottle into 250 ml ground-glass borosilicate bottles without HgCl2 poisoning. TA was determined on 25 mL seawater samples by potentiometric titration, using 0.1 M hydrochloric acid and an open-cell titration system. All TA samples were analyzed in pre-thermostated glass cells. For each sample analysis, subsamples were sequentially analyzed at least twice until we obtained two replicates with a precision within 0.1%; Replicate information: 128 duplicates were sampled during the cruise.; Standardization description: The pH electrode was calibrated with three pH buffers (NBS) 4.01, 7.00, and 10.01. Recalibration was done every 12 to 24 hours. The concentration of HCl solution was standardized by the Certified Reference Material (CRM, batch#121 and batch#141). In addition, CRM was also used as sample to check the stability of the TA titration system every 12 hours or when necessary.; Standardization frequency: The concentration of hydrochloric acid was standardized once per day using the Certified Reference Material (CRM).; CRM manufacturer: Dr. A. G. Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; CRM batch number: 188;195; Preservation method: N/A; Preservative volume: N/A; Preservative correction: N/A; TA blank correction: N/A; Uncertainty: The precision of this method is better than 0.1% and accuracy is 0.1%.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: "Gran, G. (1952). ""Determination of the equivalence point in potentiometric titrations. Part II."" Analyst 77(920): 661-671.Cai, W. J., X. P. Hu, W. J. Huang, L. Q. Jiang, Y. C. Wang, T. H. Peng and X. Zhang (2010). ""Alkalinity distribution in the western North Atlantic Ocean margins."" Journal of Geophysical Research 115: C08014.Huang, W. J., Y. C. Wang and W. J. Cai (2012). ""Assessment of sample storage techniques for total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater."" Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 10: 711-717.Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine and J. R. Christian (2007). ""Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements."""; Researcher name: Wei-Jun Cai; Researcher institution: University of Delaware.
Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH_T_measured; pH scale: Total scale (T); Observation type: Laboratory experiment; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: manipulation condition; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: The pH was measured using the spectrophotometric method on the total hydrogen ion concentration pH scale. The analyzing system consists of an Agilent 8453 UV-visible spectroscopy system, a high precision Kloehn digital pump, a 10-cm light path quartz cell, a thermostated water bath, and a custom-made temperature-control system for spectrophotometer cell.; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Seawater was sampled directly from the Niskin bottle into a narrow neck 125 mL borosilicate glass bottle. After filling the bottle, we let several hundred mL of seawater overflow and then capped the bottle. While awaiting analysis, the samples were stored in the dark. Seawater was analyzed within 2 hours of collection. During analysis, the absorbance of a seawater blank was first measured at three wavelengths (578, 434, and 730 nm). Then the absorbance of the mixture of concentrated purified dye m-cresol purple (30 micro-liter, ~2 mmol/L, MCP) and seawater was measured at the same wavelengths. In addition, a double dye addition experiment was carried out at sea to evaluate the influence on pH due to the addition of dye into seawater.; Replicate information: 230 duplicates were sampled during the cruise.; Standardization description: The pH data was guaranteed by purified m-cresol purple which was supplied by Dr. Robert H. Byrne at University of South Florida.; At what temperature was pH reported: 20 C and 25 C. Reported at the temperature of measurement.; Uncertainty: < 0.001 pH units; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: "Liu, X. W., M. C. Patsavas and R. H. Byrne (2011). ""Purification and Characterization of meta-Cresol Purple for Spectrophotometric Seawater pH Measurements."" Environmental Science & Technology 45(11): 4862-4868.Clayton, T. D. and R. H. Byrne (1993). ""Spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements - total hydrogen-ion concentration scale calibration of m-cresol purple and at-sea results."" Deep-Sea Research Part I 40(10): 2115-2129.Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine and J. R. Christian (2007). ""Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements."""; Researcher name: Wei-Jun Cai; Researcher institution: University of Delaware.
Parameter or Variable: CTD Depth; Abbreviation: Depth; Unit: m; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird SBE-911plus CTD system; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A detailed and more complete description is available in the cruise report at: ECOA3_Cruise_Report CTD/rosette casts were performed with a package consisting of a 24-place, 10-liter rosette frame (AOML’s yellow frame), a 24-place water sampler/pylon (SBE32) and 24, 10-liter Bullister/Niskin-style bottles. This package was deployed on all stations/casts. Underwater electronic components consisted of a Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 9 plus CTD with dual pumps and the following sensors: dual temperature (SBE3), dual conductivity (SBE4), dual dissolved oxygen (SBE43), and a PSA-916 Altimeter. The CTDs supplied a standard Sea-Bird format data stream at a data rate of 24 frames/second. The SBE9plus CTD was connected to the SBE32 24-place pylon providing for single-conductor sea cable operation. Power to the SBE9plus CTD, SBE32 pylon, auxiliary sensors, and altimeter was provided through the sea cable from the SBE11plus deck unit in the computer lab. The raw CTD data and bottle trips acquired by SBE Seasave on the Windows 7 workstation were processed from hex files to cnv files and then into bottle files. Post cruise data processing was completed on a Windows 7 machine running SEABIRD SBE DATA Processing version 7.22.5; Method reference: N/A; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire.
Parameter or Variable: CTD Temperature Primary; Abbreviation: CTDTEMP_ITS90; Unit: deg_C; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird SBE-911plus CTD system; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A detailed and more complete description is available in the cruise report at: ECOA3_Cruise_Report CTD/rosette casts were performed with a package consisting of a 24-place, 10-liter rosette frame, a 24-place water sampler/pylon (SBE32) and 24, 10-liter Bullister/Niskin-style bottles. This package was deployed on all stations/casts. Underwater electronic components consisted of a Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 9 plus CTD with dual pumps and the following sensors: dual temperature (SBE3), dual conductivity (SBE4), dual dissolved oxygen (SBE43), and a PSA-916 Altimeter. The CTDs supplied a standard Sea-Bird format data stream at a data rate of 24 frames/second. The SBE9plus CTD was connected to the SBE32 24-place pylon providing for single-conductor sea cable operation. Power to the SBE9plus CTD, SBE32 pylon, auxiliary sensors, and altimeter was provided through the sea cable from the SBE11plus deck unit in the computer lab. The raw CTD data and bottle trips acquired by SBE Seasave on the Windows 7 workstation were processed from hex files to cnv files and then into bottle files. Post cruise data processing was completed on a Windows 7 machine running SEABIRD SBE DATA Processing version 7.22.5; Uncertainty: Calibration accuracy was examined by comparing T1-T2 over a range of station numbers and depths (bottle trip locations) for each cast. For the entire cruise, only one set of temperature sensors were used, both tracked each other very well. These comparisons show a median temperature difference between the two sensors of 0.001 degree C.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: ECOA3_Cruise_Report; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire.
Parameter or Variable: CTD Primary Salinity; Abbreviation: CTDSAL_PSS78; Unit: N/A; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: calculated; Sampling instrument: CTD; Analyzing instrument: Sea-Bird SBE-911plus CTD system; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A detailed and more complete description is available in the cruise report at: ECOA3_Cruise_Report CTD/rosette casts were performed with a package consisting of a 24-place, 10-liter rosette frame, a 24-place water sampler/pylon (SBE32) and 24, 10-liter Bullister/Niskin-style bottles. This package was deployed on all stations/casts. Underwater electronic components consisted of a Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 9 plus CTD with dual pumps and the following sensors: dual temperature (SBE3), dual conductivity (SBE4), dual dissolved oxygen (SBE43), and a EPSA-916 Altimeter. The CTDs supplied a standard Sea-Bird format data stream at a data rate of 24 frames/second. The SBE9plus CTD was connected to the SBE32 24-place pylon providing for single-conductor sea cable operation. Power to the SBE9plus CTD, SBE32 pylon, auxiliary sensors, and altimeter was provided through the sea cable from the SBE11plus deck unit in the computer lab. The raw CTD data and bottle trips acquired by SBE Seasave on the Windows 7 workstation were processed from hex files to cnv files and then into bottle files. Post cruise data processing was completed on a Windows 7 machine running SEABIRD SBE DATA Processing version 7.22.5; Uncertainty: Conductivity sensor calibration coefficients derived from the pre-cruise calibrations were applied to raw primary and secondary conductivities. Comparisons between the primary and secondary sensors and between each of the sensors to check sample conductivities. There was a consistent offset of +0.0336 between sensors. If that offset was added to S2 it would give a median salinity difference between sensors of 0.0002 PSU.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: ECOA3_Cruise_Report; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire.
Parameter or Variable: CTD oxygen concentration; Abbreviation: CTDOXY; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Sampling instrument: Sea-Bird SBE-911plus CTD system; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: A detailed and more complete description is available in the cruise report at: ECOA3_Cruise_Report CTD/rosette casts were performed with a package consisting of a 24-place, 10-liter rosette frame, a 24-place water sampler/pylon (SBE32) and 24, 10-liter Bullister/Niskin-style bottles. This package was deployed on all stations/casts. Underwater electronic components consisted of a Sea-Bird Electronics (SBE) 9 plus CTD with dual pumps and the following sensors: dual temperature (SBE3), dual conductivity (SBE4), dual dissolved oxygen (SBE43), and a EPSA-916 Altimeter. The CTDs supplied a standard Sea-Bird format data stream at a data rate of 24 frames/second. The SBE9plus CTD was connected to the SBE32 24-place pylon providing for single-conductor sea cable operation. Power to the SBE9plus CTD, SBE32 pylon, auxiliary sensors, and altimeter was provided through the sea cable from the SBE11plus deck unit in the computer lab. The raw CTD data and bottle trips acquired by SBE Seasave on the Windows 7 workstation were processed from hex files to cnv files and then into bottle files. Post cruise data processing was completed on a Windows 7 machine running SEABIRD SBE DATA Processing version 7.22.5; Uncertainty: The DO sensors were compared to dissolved O2 check samples by matching the up cast bottle trips to CTD bottle files which produced an RMSE of±1.75 µmol/kg; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: ECOA3_Cruise_Report; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire.
Parameter or Variable: Latitude; Abbreviation: Latitude; Unit: decimal degrees; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: MX420 DGPS; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: ECOA3_Cruise_Report; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire.
Parameter or Variable: Longitude; Abbreviation: Longitude; Unit: decimal degrees; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: MX420 DGPS; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: ECOA3_Cruise_Report; Researcher name: Joe Salisbury; Researcher institution: Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire.
Parameter or Variable: Bottle Dissolved Oxygen; Abbreviation: Oxygen; Unit: µmol/kg; Observation type: Profile and surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: Automated oxygen titrator using amperometric end-point detection (Langdon 2010).; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were drawn from all casts and all Niskin bottles into volumetrically calibrated 125 ml iodine titration flasks using Tygon tubing with a silicone adaptor that fit over the petcock to avoid contamination of DOC samples. Bottles were rinsed three times and filled from the bottom, overflowing three volumes while taking care not to entrain any bubbles. The draw temperature was taken using a digital thermometer with a flexible thermistor probe that was inserted into the flask while the sample was being drawn during the overflow period. These temperatures were used to calculate concentrations, and a diagnostic check of Niskin bottle integrity. One ml of MnCl2 and one ml of NaOH/NaI were added immediately after drawing of the sample was concluded using a Repipetor, the flasks were then stoppered and shaken well. DIW was added to the neck of each flask to create a water seal. The flasks were stored in the lab in plastic totes at room temperature for at least 1 hour before analysis. Twenty-four samples plus duplicates were drawn from each station except the shallow coastal stations where fewer samples were drawn depending on the depth or as directed by the chief scientist. Dissolved oxygen analyses were performed with an automated oxygen titrator using amperometric end-point detection (Langdon 2010). The titration of the samples and the data logging and graphical display was performed on a PC running a LabView program written by Ulises Rivero of AOML. The titrations were performed in a climate controlled lab at 18.5-20 degrees Celsius. Thiosulfate was dispensed by a 2 ml Gilmont syringe driven with a stepper motor controlled by the titrator. Tests in the lab were performed to confirm that the precision and accuracy of the volume dispensed were comparable or superior to the Dosimat 665. The whole-bottle titration technique of Carpenter (1965) with modifications by Culberson et al. (1991) was used. Four to three replicate 10 ml iodate standards were run 13 times during the cruise. The reagent blank was determined at the beginning and end of the cruise. A titration was made to 1 ml of iodate standard. The volume of thiosulfate required for the titration is V1. An additional 1 ml of standard was added to the titrated sample and titrated again. The volume of thiosulfate used for the second titration is V2. The reagent blank was determined as the difference between V1 and V2.; Replicate information: 225 duplicate samples were drawn.; Uncertainty: The preliminary difference between replicates averaged 0.34 μmol kg-1; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Carpenter, J.H. (1965). The Chesapeake Bay Institute technique for the Winkler dissolved oxygen method. Limnol. Oceanogr. 10: 141-143 Culberson, C.H. and Huang, S. (1987). Automated amperometric oxygen titration. Deep-Sea Res. 34: 875-880. Culberson, C.H.; Knapp, G.; Stalcup, M.; Williams, R.T. and Zemlyak, F. (1991). A comparison of methods for the determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater. WHP Operations and Methods. Langdon, C. (2010). Determination of dissolved oxygen in seawater by Winkler titration using the amperometric technique. The GO-SHIP Repeat Hydrography Manual: A Collection of Expert Reports and Guidelines. E. M. Hood, C. L. Sabine and B. M. Sloyan, IOCCP Report Number 14, ICPO Publication Series Number 134.; Researcher name: Chris Langdon; Researcher institution: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science/University of Miami.
Parameter or Variable: DIC; Abbreviation: UD_DIC; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile and surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Discrete CTD samples for DIC and δ13C-DIC measurements were sampled from Niskin bottles at a variety of depths with one to two duplicates according to procedures outlined in the PICES Special Publication, Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements. Pre-combusted (550 ℃ for 4 h) 250 mL borosilicate glass bottles were rinsed three times before being filled from the bottom, with at least half the bottle volume of overflow. 1 mL of water was extracted to allow thermal expansion and 50 μL of saturated HgCl2 solution was added to poison biological activities. Sample bottles were then sealed with Apiezon-L grease and stoppers were fixed with rubber bands and clips. The samples were either stored at room temperature for at least 24 hours until water temperature approaches room temperature before onboard analysis or stored in coolers for transporting back home. Underway samples for DIC and δ13C-DIC analyses were collected every 2 hours from the flow-through system in the Hydro Lab during transits between stations. Underway samples were stored at room temperature for about 5 hours before onboard analysis. For each measurement, 6.5 mL of water sample and 1.6 mL of phosphoric acid (2% vol./vol. H3PO4 with 7% wt./vol. NaCl) were drawn by the multi-valve pump coupled with a 10 mL syringe. The sample was injected and acidified in the reactor, converting all carbonate species to CO2, which was then sent to the CRDS analyzer using CO2-free compressed air at a 60 mL/min flow rate. The CO2 concentration and δ13C-CO2 were concurrently measured via the CRDS, with data recorded at approximately a 1 Hz frequency for about 500 seconds. The analytical cycle would complete when the CO2 concentration fell beneath a predetermined threshold (i.e., the deviation between 15 successive data points of CO2 reading was less than 5 ppm above the initial baseline) or if the change dipped below a preset threshold (i.e., the standard deviation of CO2 for 15 consecutive data points was less than 0.16 ppm). The net integration area for DIC is computed by integrating the area beneath the CO2 concentration curve over the baseline. The δ13C-DIC, defined as per mil deviations from the reference standard Vienna PeeDee Belemnite (V-PDB), is ascertained as the CO2-weighted average of δ13C-CO2 data, applying a cutoff of 400 ppm to avoid high noise at reduced CO2 signals. Each sample was subjected to a minimum of two and up to four consecutive measurements to achieve the preset relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.1% for DIC and 0.06 for δ13C-DIC. All measurements were carried out in a temperature-regulated environment (T = 20 ± 2 °C), with temperature variations documented using a thermometer. All DIC values were converted to a molar weight (μmol/kg) using density derived from the recorded temperature during measurements and the CTD salinity.; Replicate information: In order to determine the DIC concentration and δ13C-DIC values, three batches of homemade NaHCO3 solutions with different δ13C values were used as reference standards, which were calibrated every 3 days against the Certified Reference Material (CRM) provided by Dr. Andrew Dickson of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography. Throughout the analytical period, homemade standards were sub-sampled into 12-ml glass vials weekly and then sent to the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility for δ13C-DIC analysis. In their approach, DIC in water was converted to headspace CO2 using phosphoric acid and analyzed using headspace equilibration technique with a Thermo Scientific GasBench II and Thermo Finnigan Delta Plus XL isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). The δ13C-DIC values, obtained through Gasbench-IRMS method at the facility, were utilized to calibrate the CRDS measurements of δ13C-DIC.; Uncertainty: In the overall assessment, the mean relative standard deviations (RSD) for DIC of house standards replicates and CRMs are within 0.09%, and the mean standard deviations (SD) for δ13C-DIC are within 0.06‰. The mean relative accuracy for DIC of CRMs is 0.07%. Additionally, the average offset of house standards and CRMs in δ13C-DIC, relative to the Gasbench-IRMS results from the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility, is within 0.02‰. The mean RSD of the sample duplicates is 0.08% for DIC, and the mean SD is 0.04‰ for δ13C-DIC.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: A. Dickson, S. Chris, J. R. Christian, Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements. (2007). J. Su, W.-J. Cai, N. Hussain, J. Brodeur, B. Chen, K. Huang, Simultaneous determination of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and stable isotope (δ13C-DIC) by Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy: Application to study carbonate dynamics in the Chesapeake Bay. Marine Chemistry 215, 103689 (2019). X. Deng, Q. Li, J. Su, C.-Y. Liu, E. Atekwana, W.-J. Cai, Performance evaluations and applications of a δ13C-DIC analyzer in seawater and estuarine waters. Science of The Total Environment 833, 155013 (2022).; Researcher name: Zhentao Sun, Zhangxian Ouyang, and Wei-Jun Cai; Researcher institution: University of Delaware.
Parameter or Variable: δ13C-DIC Carbon Isotope measurements; Abbreviation: Delta_C13; Unit: ppt; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Discrete CTD samples for DIC and δ13C-DIC measurements were sampled from Niskin bottles at a variety of depths with one to two duplicates according to procedures outlined in the PICES Special Publication, Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements. Pre-combusted (550 ℃ for 4 h) 250 mL borosilicate glass bottles were rinsed three times before being filled from the bottom, with at least half the bottle volume of overflow. 1 mL of water was extracted to allow thermal expansion and 50 μL of saturated HgCl2 solution was added to poison biological activities. Sample bottles were then sealed with Apiezon-L grease and stoppers were fixed with rubber bands and clips. The samples were either stored at room temperature for at least 24 hours until water temperature approaches room temperature before onboard analysis or stored in coolers for transporting back home. Underway samples for DIC and δ13C-DIC analyses were collected every 2 hours from the flow-through system in the Hydro Lab during transits between stations. Underway samples were stored at room temperature for about 5 hours before onboard analysis. For each measurement, 6.5 mL of water sample and 1.6 mL of phosphoric acid (2% vol./vol. H3PO4 with 7% wt./vol. NaCl) were drawn by the multi-valve pump coupled with a 10 mL syringe. The sample was injected and acidified in the reactor, converting all carbonate species to CO2, which was then sent to the CRDS analyzer using CO2-free compressed air at a 60 mL/min flow rate. The CO2 concentration and δ13C-CO2 were concurrently measured via the CRDS, with data recorded at approximately a 1 Hz frequency for about 500 seconds. The analytical cycle would complete when the CO2 concentration fell beneath a predetermined threshold (i.e., the deviation between 15 successive data points of CO2 reading was less than 5 ppm above the initial baseline) or if the change dipped below a preset threshold (i.e., the standard deviation of CO2 for 15 consecutive data points was less than 0.16 ppm). The net integration area for DIC is computed by integrating the area beneath the CO2 concentration curve over the baseline. The δ13C-DIC, defined as per mil deviations from the reference standard Vienna PeeDee Belemnite (V-PDB), is ascertained as the CO2-weighted average of δ13C-CO2 data, applying a cutoff of 400 ppm to avoid high noise at reduced CO2 signals. Each sample was subjected to a minimum of two and up to four consecutive measurements to achieve the preset relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.1% for DIC and 0.06 for δ13C-DIC. All measurements were carried out in a temperature-regulated environment (T = 20 ± 2 °C), with temperature variations documented using a thermometer. All DIC values were converted to a molar weight (μmol/kg) using density derived from the recorded temperature during measurements and the CTD salinity.; Replicate information: In order to determine the DIC concentration and δ13C-DIC values, three batches of homemade NaHCO3 solutions with different δ13C values were used as reference standards, which were calibrated every 3 days against the Certified Reference Material (CRM) provided by Dr. Andrew Dickson of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography. Throughout the analytical period, homemade standards were sub-sampled into 12-ml glass vials weekly and then sent to the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility for δ13C-DIC analysis. In their approach, DIC in water was converted to headspace CO2 using phosphoric acid and analyzed using headspace equilibration technique with a Thermo Scientific GasBench II and Thermo Finnigan Delta Plus XL isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). The δ13C-DIC values, obtained through Gasbench-IRMS method at the facility, were utilized to calibrate the CRDS measurements of δ13C-DIC.; Uncertainty: In the overall assessment, the mean relative standard deviations (RSD) for DIC of house standards replicates and CRMs are within 0.09%, and the mean standard deviations (SD) for δ13C-DIC are within 0.06‰. The mean relative accuracy for DIC of CRMs is 0.07%. Additionally, the average offset of house standards and CRMs in δ13C-DIC, relative to the Gasbench-IRMS results from the UC Davis Stable Isotope Facility, is within 0.02‰. The mean RSD of the sample duplicates is 0.08% for DIC, and the mean SD is 0.04‰ for δ13C-DIC.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: A. Dickson, S. Chris, J. R. Christian, Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements. (2007). J. Su, W.-J. Cai, N. Hussain, J. Brodeur, B. Chen, K. Huang, Simultaneous determination of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and stable isotope (δ13C-DIC) by Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy: Application to study carbonate dynamics in the Chesapeake Bay. Marine Chemistry 215, 103689 (2019). X. Deng, Q. Li, J. Su, C.-Y. Liu, E. Atekwana, W.-J. Cai, Performance evaluations and applications of a δ13C-DIC analyzer in seawater and estuarine waters. Science of The Total Environment 833, 155013 (2022).; Researcher name: Zhentao Sun, Zhangxian Ouyang, and Wei-Jun Cai; Researcher institution: University of Delaware.
Parameter or Variable: Nitrate - Nitrate (NO3) content. This term should not be used to indicate nitrate plus nitrite content, although the distinction is generally small because nitrate >> nitrite.; Abbreviation: Nitrate; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: The samples were analyzed for nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium using a Seal Analytical continuous-flow AutoAnalyzer 3 (AA3) according to the procedures described by Gordon et al (1992), Hager et al (1972), and Atlas et al (1971).; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Nutrient samples were collected from Niskin bottles, after at least three seawater rinses. 20-30ml of water were collected for each sample. Samples were kept refrigerated for the duration of ECOA-3 for later analysis. Samples were analyzed for nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO4- 3), silica (SiO2) nitrite (NO2-) and ammounium (NH4).; Uncertainty: Separate nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium standards are prepared by dissolving high purity standard materials (NaNO2, KH2PO4, Na2SiF6, NaNO2, and (NH4)2SO4) in fresh distilled deionized water. Standardizations are performed at the beginning of each group of samples. New standards are compared to the old before use.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Atlas, E.L., Hager, S.W., Gordon, L.I., and Park, P.K., "A Practical Manual for Use of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer in Seawater Nutrient Analyses Revised," Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22, Oregon State University, Department of Oceanography, pp.49 (1971). Gordon, L.I., Jennings, J.C., Ross, A.A., and Krest, J.M., "A suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study," Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1, OSU College of Oceanography Descr. Chem Oc. (1992). Hager, S.W., Atlas, E.L., Gordon L.I., Mantyla, A.W., and Park, P.K., " A comparison at sea of manual and autoanalyzer analyses of phosphate, nitrate, and silicate ," Limnology and Oceanography, 17, pp.931-937 (1972).; Researcher name: Susan Becker and Joe Becker; Researcher institution: Scripps Insitution of Oceanography.
Parameter or Variable: Phosphate (total dissolved inorganic phosphate: H2PO4−, HPO42−, PO43−) content; Abbreviation: Phosphate; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: The samples were analyzed for nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium using a Seal Analytical continuous-flow AutoAnalyzer 3 (AA3) according to the procedures described by Gordon et al (1992), Hager et al (1972), and Atlas et al (1971).; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Nutrient samples were collected from Niskin bottles, after at least three seawater rinses. 20-30ml of water were collected for each sample. Samples were kept refrigerated for the duration of ECOA-3 for later analysis. Samples were analyzed for nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO4- 3), silica (SiO2) nitrite (NO2-) and ammounium (NH4).; Uncertainty: Separate nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium standards are prepared by dissolving high purity standard materials (NaNO2, KH2PO4, Na2SiF6, NaNO2, and (NH4)2SO4) in fresh distilled deionized water. Standardizations are performed at the beginning of each group of samples. New standards are compared to the old before use.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Atlas, E.L., Hager, S.W., Gordon, L.I., and Park, P.K., "A Practical Manual for Use of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer in Seawater Nutrient Analyses Revised," Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22, Oregon State University, Department of Oceanography, pp.49 (1971). Gordon, L.I., Jennings, J.C., Ross, A.A., and Krest, J.M., "A suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study," Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1, OSU College of Oceanography Descr. Chem Oc. (1992). Hager, S.W., Atlas, E.L., Gordon L.I., Mantyla, A.W., and Park, P.K., " A comparison at sea of manual and autoanalyzer analyses of phosphate, nitrate, and silicate ," Limnology and Oceanography, 17, pp.931-937 (1972).; Researcher name: Susan Becker; Researcher institution: Scripps Insitution of Oceanography.
Parameter or Variable: Silicate (total dissolved inorganic silicate: Si(OH)4, H4SiO4, SiO2, Sil) content; Abbreviation: Silicate; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: The samples were analyzed for nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium using a Seal Analytical continuous-flow AutoAnalyzer 3 (AA3) according to the procedures described by Gordon et al (1992), Hager et al (1972), and Atlas et al (1971).; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Nutrient samples were collected from Niskin bottles, after at least three seawater rinses. 20-30ml of water were collected for each sample. Samples were kept refrigerated for the duration of ECOA-3 for later analysis. Samples were analyzed for nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO4- 3), silica (SiO2) nitrite (NO2-) and ammounium (NH4).; Uncertainty: Separate nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium standards are prepared by dissolving high purity standard materials (NaNO2, KH2PO4, Na2SiF6, NaNO2, and (NH4)2SO4) in fresh distilled deionized water. Standardizations are performed at the beginning of each group of samples. New standards are compared to the old before use.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Atlas, E.L., Hager, S.W., Gordon, L.I., and Park, P.K., "A Practical Manual for Use of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer in Seawater Nutrient Analyses Revised," Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22, Oregon State University, Department of Oceanography, pp.49 (1971). Gordon, L.I., Jennings, J.C., Ross, A.A., and Krest, J.M., "A suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study," Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1, OSU College of Oceanography Descr. Chem Oc. (1992). Hager, S.W., Atlas, E.L., Gordon L.I., Mantyla, A.W., and Park, P.K., " A comparison at sea of manual and autoanalyzer analyses of phosphate, nitrate, and silicate ," Limnology and Oceanography, 17, pp.931-937 (1972).; Researcher name: Susan Becker and Joe Becker; Researcher institution: Scripps Insitution of Oceanography.
Parameter or Variable: Nitrite -Nitrite (NO2) content; Abbreviation: Nitrite; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: The samples were analyzed for nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium using a Seal Analytical continuous-flow AutoAnalyzer 3 (AA3) according to the procedures described by Gordon et al (1992), Hager et al (1972), and Atlas et al (1971).; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Nutrient samples were collected from Niskin bottles, after at least three seawater rinses. 20-30ml of water were collected for each sample. Samples were kept refrigerated for the duration of ECOA-3 for later analysis. Samples were analyzed for nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO4- 3), silica (SiO2) nitrite (NO2-) and ammounium (NH4).; Uncertainty: Separate nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium standards are prepared by dissolving high purity standard materials (NaNO2, KH2PO4, Na2SiF6, NaNO2, and (NH4)2SO4) in fresh distilled deionized water. Standardizations are performed at the beginning of each group of samples. New standards are compared to the old before use.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Atlas, E.L., Hager, S.W., Gordon, L.I., and Park, P.K., "A Practical Manual for Use of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer in Seawater Nutrient Analyses Revised," Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22, Oregon State University, Department of Oceanography, pp.49 (1971). Gordon, L.I., Jennings, J.C., Ross, A.A., and Krest, J.M., "A suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study," Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1, OSU College of Oceanography Descr. Chem Oc. (1992). Hager, S.W., Atlas, E.L., Gordon L.I., Mantyla, A.W., and Park, P.K., " A comparison at sea of manual and autoanalyzer analyses of phosphate, nitrate, and silicate ," Limnology and Oceanography, 17, pp.931-937 (1972).; Researcher name: Susan Becker and Joe Becker; Researcher institution: Scripps Insitution of Oceanography.
Parameter or Variable: Ammonium -Ammonium (NH4+ and NH3) content; Abbreviation: Ammonium; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle and flow through pump; Analyzing instrument: The samples were analyzed for nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium using a Seal Analytical continuous-flow AutoAnalyzer 3 (AA3) according to the procedures described by Gordon et al (1992), Hager et al (1972), and Atlas et al (1971).; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Nutrient samples were collected from Niskin bottles, after at least three seawater rinses. 20-30ml of water were collected for each sample. Samples were kept refrigerated for the duration of ECOA-3 for later analysis. Samples were analyzed for nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO4- 3), silica (SiO2) nitrite (NO2-) and ammounium (NH4).; Uncertainty: Separate nitrate, phosphate, silica, nitrite, and ammonium standards are prepared by dissolving high purity standard materials (NaNO2, KH2PO4, Na2SiF6, NaNO2, and (NH4)2SO4) in fresh distilled deionized water. Standardizations are performed at the beginning of each group of samples. New standards are compared to the old before use.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Atlas, E.L., Hager, S.W., Gordon, L.I., and Park, P.K., "A Practical Manual for Use of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer in Seawater Nutrient Analyses Revised," Technical Report 215, Reference 71-22, Oregon State University, Department of Oceanography, pp.49 (1971). Gordon, L.I., Jennings, J.C., Ross, A.A., and Krest, J.M., "A suggested Protocol for Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients in the WOCE Hydrographic Program and the Joint Global Ocean Fluxes Study," Grp. Tech Rpt 92-1, OSU College of Oceanography Descr. Chem Oc. (1992). Hager, S.W., Atlas, E.L., Gordon L.I., Mantyla, A.W., and Park, P.K., " A comparison at sea of manual and autoanalyzer analyses of phosphate, nitrate, and silicate ," Limnology and Oceanography, 17, pp.931-937 (1972).; Researcher name: Susan Becker and Joe Becker; Researcher institution: Scripps Insitution of Oceanography.
Parameter or Variable: chlorophyll a concentration via pigment scan; Abbreviation: HPLC_chl_a; Unit: umol/kg; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples were taken with a niskin bottle from the surface, mix layer, and where applicable at a third depth between the surface and mix layer. The samples were run through precombusted (6 hours at 450 degree C) 25mm GFF filters, placed in precombusted aluminum foil, and stored in liquid nitrogen until analysis.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Van Heukelem, L. and C.S. Thomas, 2001: Computer-assisted high-performance liquid chromatography method development with applications to the isolation and analysis of phytoplankton pigments. J.Chromatogr. A, 910, 31-49.; Researcher name: Antonio Mannino; Researcher institution: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center .

Acquisition Information (collection)
Instrument	bottle CTD thermistor
Platform	NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown

Last Modified: 2024-07-13T19:44:39Z
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