Microplastics abundance in surface water and sediments along the Thoothukudi region, south Tamil Nadu, southeast India, during 2021-01-03 to 2021-12-08 (NCEI Accession 0282701)
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abstract: This study estimated the monthly concentration of microplastics (i.e. plastics measuring less than 5mm) in surface water (reported in units of items/L) and sediments (reported in unit of items/kg d.w.) in six sampling sites along the Thoothukudi region, south Tamil Nadu, southeast India, during 2021-01-03 to 2021-12-08. Microplastics in the surface water were collected with a plankton net while those in the sediments were collected using a shovel. This dataset contains the results from all 72 surface water and 72 sediment samples, in a spreadsheet format.
purpose: These microplastic concentrations data were collected in order to determine their monthly abundance in surface water and sediments along the Thoothukudi region, south Tamil Nadu, southeast India, during 2021-01-03 to 2021-12-08.
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description: Parameter or Variable: microplastic concentration (measured); Units: items/L; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: net - plankton net; Sampling and Analyzing Method: This study was carried out to estimate the amount of microplastics in six sampling sites along the Thoothukudi Region, southeast India. Surface water and sediment samples were collected from the six sampling sites: Vembar (VE), Vellapatti (VP), Threspuram (TH), Spic Nagar (SN), Punnakayal (PN) and Thiruchendur (TC), during the post-monsoon (Jan–Mar), summer (Apr–May), pre-monsoon (Jul–Sept) and monsoon (Oct–Dec) seasons of 2021. Surface water samples were collected at each sampling site by towing a plankton net (mesh size: 48 μm), which was operated at the minimum speed to prevent damage. The samples that settled in the cod end were washed with seawater and transferred to precleaned glass bottles, fixed with formalin at 5% and taken to the laboratory. Sediments from the sampling sites were collected in from a foreshore area by placing a quadrant of 1 m2 size. A shovel was used for collecting the sediment samples of about 3 kg at a depth of 4 cm, and were taken in pre-cleaned glass bottles. The collected sediment and water samples were taken to the laboratory for extraction of microplastics. The extraction of microplastics from the sediments and surface water samples was carried out by adopting the methods that were published previously. The sampled sediment was dried in a hot air oven and sieved with a 500-μm sieve to remove larger particles. After sieving, 100 g of sediment was taken in a 500-ml beaker and 30% hydrogen peroxide was added for the digestion of organic matter. Then, saturated sodium chloride solution was added to the digested sample for the floatation of low-density polymers. The supernatant was filtered with a vacuum filtration unit using Whatman filter paper with pore size of 11 μm. This was followed by the addition of saturated zinc chloride for the floatation of high-density polymers. Again, the supernatant was filtered with the same vacuum filtration unit as earlier. The preserved water samples were digested with 30 ml of 30% H2O2 in 1 l of water. It was then left for 24 h for the digestion of organic matter in the water samples. After digestion, the samples were subjected to density separation with super saturated sodium iodide and left overnight. The supernatant was then filtered as mentioned above. The filter papers obtained from the filtering of sediment and water samples were dried at 40 °C in a hot air oven. The dried filter papers were observed under a stereomicroscope (40 ×) with an eyepiece to observe, measure and quantify microplastics. The polymer composition of the microplastics was investigated using attenuated total reflectance (ATR)–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in the 4000–400 cm−1 spectral range, with 32 scans at a resolution of 4 cm− 1. The identification of polymers was done based on comparing the obtained ATR-FTIR spectrum with the standard reference spectra of the polymers given in earlier reports.; Data Quality Method: Several measures were applied to minimize the potential microplastic contamination during the whole microplastic analysis procedures. To reduce background contamination of microplastics during the analysis, blank experiments were carried out with deionized water in the pre-cleaned beaker. They were then analyzed for the presence of airborne contamination during the investigation, and the results showed the absence of microplastics in the blank samples. To avoid cross contamination, lab coats and surgical gloves were worn during the analysis. The glassware and equipment were washed with distilled water at the start and end of the analysis..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: microplastic concentration (measured); Units: items/kg dry weight sediment; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: shovel.
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
maintenanceNote: Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer
type: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer
description: An FTIR spectrometer simultaneously collects high-resolution spectral data over a wide spectral range. This confers a significant advantage over a dispersive spectrometer, which measures intensity over a narrow range of wavelengths at a time.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: microscope
type: microscope
description: instrument is used in lab analyses A microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: net - plankton net
type: net - plankton net
description: net - plankton net
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: sediment sieve
type: sediment sieve
description: USA standard testing sieve (A.S.T.M.E.)