National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Structure-from-Motion Coral Demography derived from Stratified Random Site Imagery collected across the Mariana Archipelago from 2022-05-10 to 2022-06-01 (NCEI Accession 0280938)
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title: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Structure-from-Motion Coral Demography derived from Stratified Random Site Imagery collected across the Mariana Archipelago from 2022-05-10 to 2022-06-01 (NCEI Accession 0280938)
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abstract: Coral adult and juvenile coral colony demographic data described in this dataset are derived from the GIS analysis of benthic photomosaic imagery collected across the Mariana Archipelago in 2022. The source imagery was collected using a Structure from Motion (SfM) approach during in-water surveys conducted by divers. Data was collected during the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) and Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) led National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) mission across the Mariana Archipelago from 2022-05-10 to 2022-06-01. The SfM surveys are part of the Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) surveys for corals and fish conducted during ESD-led NCRMP missions. Surveys were conducted at sites randomly stratified across sub-island sectors and three depth strata (shallow: 0-6m, mid: 6-18m and deep: >18m). These sites represent a broad range of depths (1-25 m), habitat types (aggregate reef, patch reef, pavement, rock and boulder and rubble), coral cover, and diving conditions. Allocation of sampling effort was proportional to strata area and variance in coral density. The StRS design effectively reduces estimate variance through stratification using environmental covariates and by sampling more sites rather than sampling more transects at a site. Therefore, site-level estimates and site to site comparisons should be used with caution. During each survey, an 18m transect line was deployed along the isobath and photographed using underwater cameras while swimming in a back and forth swim pattern for later processing using an SfM approach. At depths of 1-20 m, SfM surveys were conducted over a 3 x 20m area and at depths > 20m, a 3 x 13m area was surveyed, both with the transect running down the middle of the survey area. The photographs were processed using Agisoft Metashape software to generate orthomosaic images that were analyzed in ArcGIS for juvenile and adult coral colony demographic metrics. Data was collected for each site within four 2.5m2 segments, each 1m wide, along the transect (at 0-2.5m, 5-7.5m, 10-12.5m, and 15-17.5m). At deeper sites where a 3 x 13m area was surveyed, only the first three segments were analyzed in ArcGIS. For each adult coral colony (> 5cm in diameter), maximum diameter, ID (to lowest taxonomic level), and estimated percent old mortality were recorded. Bleaching extent (% of living tissue with reduced pigmentation) and severity were also recorded. Juvenile coral colonies (0.7 to 5cm maximum diameter) were recorded within the first 1 m2 of the first 3 segments. For juvenile colonies, only ID and maximum diameter were recorded.
purpose: The data were collected as part of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) and Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) led National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) missions around the US Pacific from 2019. The National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) details a long-term approach to provide an ecosystem perspective via monitoring climate, fish, benthic, and socioeconomic variables in a consistent and integrated manner. The NCRMP coordinates various Coral Reef Conservation Coral Reef Program (CRCP) biological, physical, and human dimensions activities into a cohesive NOAA-wide effort. Through the implementation of the NCRMP, NOAA is able to clearly and concisely communicate results of national-scale monitoring to national, state, and territorial policy makers, resource managers, and the public on a periodic basis. The purpose of the Structure from Motion (SfM) surveys throughout the US Pacific is to efficiently and effectively collect coral demographic data. SfM-derived data collection occurred along the same transects as in situ diver coral demographic surveys as a means to compare the use of SfM as a tool for quantifying coral demographic metrics in comparison to traditional visual in situ assessments.
credit: Related Funding Agency: US DOC; NOAA; NOS; Coral Reef Conservation Program
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supplementalInformation: Submission Package ID: 2N4AXY
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description: Parameter or Variable: CORAL - COLONY SIZE (measured); Units: square meter; Observation Category: GIS product; Sampling Instrument: GIS; Sampling and Analyzing Method: In ArcGIS, each site was set up for annotation by manually digitizing the transect and segments as a shapefile using the same sampling design as the PIFSC ESD-led in situ coral demography surveys, and setting up the attribute table in a geodatabase to mirror the in situ visual survey database (Swanson et al. 2018; Winston et al. 2019). To record and extract data from the orthomosaic, each coral colony was annotated following the in situ visual survey methods. Each colony was measured by digitizing a line across the maximum diameter of the colony. During annotation, the original JPEG imagery was viewed alongside the orthomosaic with the Viscore Image View feature to see fine scale colony details, observe colonies from multiple angles and locate colonies not visible in the orthomosaic (e.g. under ledges).; Data Quality Method: Prior to generating the 3D dense point clouds and 2D orthomosaics , the JPEG imagery was evaluated for image quality and images deemed unsatisfactory (e.g. overexposed, images of blue water or images of divers, or images not taken perpendicular to the reef) were removed from the image set. During annotation in ArcGIS, the original JPEG imagery was viewed alongside the orthomosaic using the Viscore Image View feature to see fine scale colony details, observe colonies from multiple angles and locate colonies not visible in the orthomosaic. Annotations created in ArcGIS were quality controlled using a multi-stage process. Data were first quality controlled in R with specific queries to identify and correct data entry errors (e.g. misspelled species names, missing segments, data in incorrect columns, partial mortality >100%). Then data were summarized to the segment-level by annotator to identify potential issues (e.g. anomalously high or low mean values for specific metrics relative to other annotators). If issues were identified for a given annotator, that annotator reviewed and corrected each site if they did find errors..
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