Concentrations of surface microplastics in the Arrábida coastal area, Portugal collected from 2018-08-22 to 2019-02-27 (NCEI Accession 0279324)
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title: Concentrations of surface microplastics in the Arrábida coastal area, Portugal collected from 2018-08-22 to 2019-02-27 (NCEI Accession 0279324)
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abstract: This study estimated the concentration of surface microplastics (i.e. plastics measuring less than 5mm; reported in unit of items/m3) in the Arrábida coastal area, Portugal from 2018-08-22 to 2019-02-27. Microplastics in the surface water were collected using a neuston net. This dataset contains the results from all 36 surface water samples, in a spreadsheet format
purpose: These microplastic concentration data were collected in order to determine their abundance in the surface waters of the Arrábida coastal area, Portugal during 2018-08-22 to 2019-02-27
credit: Related Funding Agency: National Geographic Society Early Career Grant (EC-397R-18)
credit: Related Funding Agency: Foundation for Science and the Technology (JPIOCEANS/0001/2015)
credit: Related Funding Agency: Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, PhD grant (SFRH/BD/130652/2017)
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title: Rodrigues, D., Antunes, J., Otero, V., Sobral, P., & Costa, M. H. (2020). Distribution Patterns of Microplastics in Seawater Surface at a Portuguese Estuary and Marine Park. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.582217
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beginPosition: 2018-08-22
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description: Parameter or Variable: microplastic concentration (measured); Units: items/m3; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Neuston net; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The study area, located on the west coast of Portugal, encompasses the south-facing coastal area between the city of Setúbal and the village of Sesimbra. It comprises both the mouth of Sado estuary [designated as the transitional water body Sado-WB1and the Professor Luiz Saldanha Marine Park (from its eastern side - Figueirinha beach – until the buffer area contiguous to Sesimbra). The mesotidal homogeneous Sado estuary has a mainly tidally driven flow with an annual average flow of 40 m3s−1. Six sampling campaigns were conducted from August 2018 to February 2019 (summer to winter), at 6 stations. These were located at the 5m isobaths and distributed 5 km apart from each other, from the mouth of Sado estuary through the marine park. In each station, a 30 min neuston trawl was performed in the E-W direction, at a constant speed of 1-3 knots. Initial and final GPS positions were registered and enabled trawl length and area calculations to allow posterior standardization of MP data. Sampling campaigns were specifically scheduled to days with calm weather conditions (Beaufort wind scale ≤3) and tows were performed out of the vessel wake zone (ca 25m behind the vessel). Precautions intended to reduce vertical mixing of buoyant plastic particles and consequently increase the efficiency of the selected equipment (neuston net). The 3m long neuston net (Aquatic Biotechnology) had a stainless steel 0.8 × 0.3m (width × height) rectangular opening and a 335μm polyamide mesh. Its floatation system assured that only half of the opening frame was submerged (therefore collecting MP floating in the top 15 cm of the water column). The flowmeter (Hydro-bios) attached to the lower third of the net opening enabled the calculation of the volume of filtered water. Following each tow, the content in the cod end container was thoroughly poured into a 250 μm stainless steel mesh sieve (where larger pieces of biological material as sticks, seagrass leaves and algae, were rinsed with filtered seawater before being discarded) and then stored in glass jars. A small aliquot (ca 50ml) per sample was collected and preserved separately, in 100ml of 70% ethanol, to allow the identification of neustonic organisms. The neuston samples (n = 36) were transported in ice coolers to the laboratory and then frozen at −20◦C. After thawing, the sample was transferred to a 2 L glass beaker where the biovolume was measured after 1 h of sedimentation. Then, the organic content digestion was performed by adding a 10% KOH solution, with volume equivalent to at least 3 times the sample biovolume. Following the 48 h of digestion at room temperature, density separation was conducted by adding 1 L of a hyper saturated NaCl solution (1.2 g cm−3). After manual stirring, it was left to settle for 1 h before filtration of the supernatant with a vacuum filtration system. After filtration of every 500ml (approx.), the sample was stirred and allowed to settle again before the next filtration. Each filter (MFV2 glass fiber filter with 47mm Ø and 1,0μm pore; FILTER-LAB) was stored in a covered Petri dish until observation under a stereoscopic microscope (LeicaMZ12.5) equipped with a camera (MOTICAM 10+). Particles were measured with the Motic Images Plus 3.0 software, considering the 0.335-5mm size range (the lower limit corresponds to mesh size of the neuston net). The particles selected to follow polymer identification were isolated in covered concave slides. MP concentration was reported as items m−3 and items km−2 to enable comparisons with similar studies. Polymer identification was achieved by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The majority of the particles (mainly between 1 and 5mm) were analyzed in attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode. Spectra were acquired using an Agilent Handheld 4300 FTIR Spectrometer with a DTGS detector, with controlled temperature and a diamond ATR sample interface; the analyses were performed at the sample surface. Spectra were acquired with a resolution of 4 cm−1 and 32 scans. For fibers and smaller particles (mainly at the 0.335-1mm size range), analyses were carried out in a Nicolet Nexus spectrophotometer coupled to a Continuμm microscope (15x objective) with an MCT detector. Spectra were collected in transmission mode, with a resolution of 8 cm−1 and 128 scans.; Data Quality Method: Airborne contamination was analyzed by exposing wet filters to the air (procedural controls; blanks), both during field (inside a hanging open glass jar, at the boat deck, one per sampling campaign) and lab work (inside Petri dishes, one at the left and one at the right of the working area, per group of 3 samples). All the fibers extracted from a sample which were similar to those found in the respective blanks (from field and lab work) were excluded from results. Sources of contamination were also minimized both during field and lab work by using glass, stainless steel and aluminum materials. Samples were kept covered at all times, both cotton lab coat and nitrile gloves were always worn, and benches and equipment were rinsed before use with Milli-Q filtered water and ethanol..
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
maintenanceNote: Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer
type: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer
description: An FTIR spectrometer simultaneously collects high-resolution spectral data over a wide spectral range. This confers a significant advantage over a dispersive spectrometer, which measures intensity over a narrow range of wavelengths at a time.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: microscope
type: microscope
description: instrument is used in lab analyses A microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Neuston net
type: Neuston net
description: Neuston net is a net designed to sample plankton or microplastics located in the first few centimeters of the water column. cf. net - plankton net (insttypes_id 31)
