Microplastic concentrations in the surface water and sediment of River Karnaphuli (a tidal confluence river in the southeast coast of Bangladesh) collected from 2019-09-07 to 2020-03-14 (NCEI Accession 0277998)
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title: Microplastic concentrations in the surface water and sediment of River Karnaphuli (a tidal confluence river in the southeast coast of Bangladesh) collected from 2019-09-07 to 2020-03-14 (NCEI Accession 0277998)
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abstract: This study estimated the concentration of microplastics (i.e. plastics measuring less than 5mm) in the surface water (reported in unit of pieces/m3) and sediments (reported in unit of pieces kg-1 d.w.) of River Karnaphuli (a tidal confluence river in the southeast coast of Bangladesh) from 2019-09-07 to 2020-03-14. Microplastics in the surface water were collected using a manta net while those in the sediment were collected using an Ekman dredge. This dataset contains the results from all 45 surface water and 45 sediment samples, in a spreadsheet format.
purpose: These microplastic concentration data were collected in order to determine the abundance of microplastics in the surface waters and sediments of River Karnaphuli (a tidal confluence river in the southeast coast of Bangladesh) from 2019-09-07 to 2020-03-14.
credit: Related Funding Agency: “Marine Fisheries Research Strengthening and Infrastructural Development Project”, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Bangladesh
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description: Parameter or Variable: microplastic concentration (measured); Units: pieces/m3; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Manta net; Sampling and Analyzing Method: This study collected microplastic samples in the surface water and sediments of the river Karnaphuli, a tidal confluence river adjacent to the Chattogram seaport city of Bangladesh, a highly inhabited and industrial area on the southeast coast of the Bay of Bengal. Surface water sample collection: Triplicate samples were taken from five sampling stations (S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5) during September 2019 (late monsoon in Bangladesh), January 2020 (winter), and March 2020 (early summer). Surface water samples (water depth 16 cm) were collected using a manta net (300-μm mesh, 60-cm opening width). In brief, the manta net was launched from the port and starboard side of the research vessel, approximately 3–4 m away from the vessel. The action started to move in one straight direction with a ~ 2 knots speed for 15 min. Then, the research vessel was stopped, and the manta net was taken out of the water. The net was rinsed thoroughly from the outer side of the net with clean water from the vessel water reservoir. The manta net was rinsed in the mouth to the cod-end direction to concentrate all particles adhered to the net into the cod-end. After that, the cod-end was removed carefully, and the sample in the cod-end was sieved through a 300-μm mesh sieve. The cod-end was rinsed thoroughly from the outer side, and the rest of the sample was poured through the sieve. With the use of a funnel, the sieve was rinsed into a glass jar using 70% ethanol. The use of 70% ethanol is important to preserve the sample. Besides, in the step of visual inspection of the sample, ethanol helps to discolor the organisms; hence, colorful plastics become easier to find. Then, the samples were processed in the laboratory of the Interdisciplinary Institute for Food Security (IIFS), Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh. Separation of MPs (< 5 mm) from water samples was done according to Masura et al. (2015) with slight modifications. Briefly, water samples were filtered with a sieve (0.3 mm). Sieved samples were taken in 500-mL beakers and dried in an oven (Genlab OV/200/F/DI, England) at 90 °C for 24 h. Then 20 mL of 0.05 M ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) solution was poured into each beaker. Afterward, 20 mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was mixed and kept mixtures at room temperature for about 5 min. Then the mixtures were heated at 75 °C on a hotplate (AM4, Velp Scientifica, Italy) until gas bubbles appeared. Six grams of salt (NaCl) was added per 20 mL of the sample during heating to enhance the density of the wet peroxide oxidation (WPO) solution (~ 5 M). Afterward, the WPO solution was carefully poured into the density separator with 700 mL of filtered ZnCl2 (1.5 g cm−3) solution, covered with aluminum foil, and kept overnight to settle down. ZnCl2 solution was used because ZnCl2 was estimated as an effective and comparatively inexpensive floatation media, enabling the floatation of dense polymers. With the help of a vacuum pump, the solution obtained from the density separator was filtered with cellulose nitrate filter paper (47 mm diameter and 5 μm pore size). Then the filtrate was examined under the microscope (Olympus CX41 with camera DP22, Japan) to identify potential MPs. Sediment sample collection and separation of MPs from sediment samples: Sediment samples were collected by an Ekman dredge with three replicates per station during September 2019 (late monsoon in Bangladesh), January 2020 (winter), and March 2020 (early summer) and stored in glass jars. The separation of MPs from sediment samples was performed according to Masura et al. (2015). In brief, wet sediment samples (400 g) were taken in a 1-L beaker and oven-dried (Genlab OV/200/F/DI, England) at 90 °C for 24 h. Afterward, 300 mL of filtered ZnCl2 (1.5 g cm−3) solution was added and stirred for 10 min. Then all the floating particles were filtered with a 0.3-mm sieve and collected into a beaker (500 mL). After that, 20 mL of 0.05 M ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) solution was poured into each beaker. Then 20 mL of 30% H2O2 was added and mixed for 5 min. The mixtures were heated at 75 °C on a hotplate (AM4, Velp Scientifica, Italy) until gas bubbles were observed. In this stage, to enhance the density of the WPO solution (~ 5 M), 6 g of salt (NaCl) was added per 20 mL of the sample. Then the WPO solution was carefully poured into the density separator with 700 mL of filtered ZnCl2 (1.5 g cm−3) solution, covered with aluminum foil, and left overnight to settle down. With the help of a vacuum pump, the solution from the density separator was filtered with cellulose nitrate filter paper (47 mm diameter and 5 μm pore size). Afterward, potential MPs in the filters were categorized under the microscope (Olympus CX41 with camera DP22, Japan).; Data Quality Method: Several control measures were strictly employed during the study. Laboratory coats made of natural fibers, nitrile gloves, and face masks were worn to prevent plastic contamination during sample collection and processing. All the glassware, containers, filtration units, and other necessary instruments were rinsed three times with filtered (45 μm) clean water before use. Samples were wrapped with aluminum foil to prevent air-borne contamination. Procedural blank tests with three replicates (per season) were performed at the same time without any dried sediments or water samples to cross-check the air-borne contamination in the research laboratory. In brief, 20 mL of 0.05 M ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) solution and 20 mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were poured into a 500-mL glass beaker. Then 6 g of salt (NaCl) was added, and the solution was poured into the density separator with 700 mL of filtered ZnCl2 (1.5 g cm−3) solution and kept overnight without any covering/foil paper. Afterward, the solution in the density separator was filtered through a 5-μm cellulose nitrate filter. This filter was examined under the microscope, and any particles identified were tested using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer (FTIR). The study did not find any potential candidate MPs in the filter, except for a few fibers. The study excluded laboratory contamination because FTIR confirmed that the detected fibers were rayon fibers from clothing, not fishing gear. MPs were further analyzed (about 20% of the candidate MPs were selected randomly) to determine their chemical composition with a FTIR spectrophotometer. FTIR spectrophotometer (Shimadzu IR Prestige 21™, Japan) was used to investigate the chemical composition of different particles. The particles were randomly selected and distributed on a KBr crystal. The spectral range was set at 4000–400 cm−1, using the IR solution Agent software with a match threshold > 70%. A SpectraBase database from John Wiley & Sons, Inc. was used to detect the absorption bands of polymers. Additionally, the spectra were compared with the existing literature..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: microplastic concentration (measured); Units: pieces kg-1 d.w.; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Ekman dredge.
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
maintenanceNote: Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: dredge
type: dredge
description: 6 x6 inch, weighted drege Wildco Petite Ponar weighted bottom-sediment sampler
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer
type: Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer
description: An FTIR spectrometer simultaneously collects high-resolution spectral data over a wide spectral range. This confers a significant advantage over a dispersive spectrometer, which measures intensity over a narrow range of wavelengths at a time.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Manta net
type: Manta net
description: Manta net is a small, easily manageable net designed to sample plankton or microplastics located in the first few centimeters of the water column.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: sediment sieve
type: sediment sieve
description: USA standard testing sieve (A.S.T.M.E.)
