Along-channel velocity and calculated total suspended sediment measurements using an acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV) in the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway at Larose, Louisiana from 2022-04-21 to 2022-05-01 (NCEI Accession 0276517)
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title: Along-channel velocity and calculated total suspended sediment measurements using an acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV) in the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway at Larose, Louisiana from 2022-04-21 to 2022-05-01 (NCEI Accession 0276517)
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Anchor: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/5730 Giulio Mariotti
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Anchor: https://ror.org/05ect4e57 Louisiana State University (LSU)
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abstract: An acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV) was deployed in the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW) near Larose (LA) using a 6000 kHz Nortek Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV). The cross section is about 75 m wide, with a depth of ~4.5 m toward the center and ~4 m toward the side. The instrument was deployed about 3 m from the bank, where the water depth is about 4 m. The three-dimensional velocity was recorded 0.4 m above the bed. Both the 3-dimensional velocity and the backscatter was recorded continuously at a frequency of 8 Hz. In post-processing, data were converted into bursts of 16 seconds, which were then averaged to give a single measurement per burst. The backscatter signal-to-noise ratio (S) [dB] was converted to TSS [mg/l] using a laboratory-calibrated formula (TSS=10^(0.052S+0.04). A text file of the calculated TSS (mg/l) and along channel velocity (m/s) at depth is provided along with a .hdr that describes the headers of each file provided, a .dat that describes the data configuration from the instrument, and a .sen file that describes the instrument set up.
purpose: Ship traffic can increase sediment resuspension in shallow channels and coastal areas. Here we show that ship-driven resuspension is the major morphodynamic agent in the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW), a 4-5 m deep and 60-150 m wide navigational channel located in the Mississippi Delta (Louisiana, USA). Single ship passage increases total suspended sediment (TSS) from the background value of ~20 mg/l to peaks of 100-400 mg/l, which then decay exponentially within an e-folding time of about 8 minutes. Resuspension is mainly driven by barge traffic, and it is associated with the primary wave (Bernoulli drawdown) rather than the short waves in the Kelvin wake. Sediment resuspension is strongly correlated to the maximum velocity of the primary wave (up to 0.8 m/s), whose magnitude is mainly controlled by the barge draft and hence by the barge load. When averaged over time, ship traffic (~10 loaded barges per day) increases the mean TSS to about 50 mg/l, i.e., double the background value. We suggest that this resuspension explain how the GIWW can transport sediment over ~150 km – from the Atchafalaya River to Barataria Basin – despite relatively low advection velocity (~0.1 m/s). More generally, we suggest that ship traffic in confined channels, as opposed to channels bordering tidal flats, facilitates sediment bypass and should reduce in-channel sedimentation.
credit: Funding Agency: Restore Act Louisiana Center of Excellence
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keyword: Along-channel velocity 0.4 m above bed
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supplementalInformation: These files (GIWW318.VEC, GIWW318.vhd, GIWW318.pck) are mentioned in the .HDR file provided but were not provided to NCEI and therefore are not in this archive.
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description: Parameter or Variable: Along-channel velocity 0.4 m above bed (measured); Units: m/s; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV); Sampling and Analyzing Method: ADV, measuring 0.4 m above the bed..
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description: Parameter or Variable: Total Suspended Sediment 0.4 m above bed (measured); Units: mg/l; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV); Sampling and Analyzing Method: Converted from backscatter signal to noise using the formula S=10^(0.052S+0.04).
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description: Parameter or Variable: WATER DEPTH - AVERAGE (measured); Units: /mille; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: pressure sensor.
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code: Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV)
type: Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV)
description: High-resolution acoustic instruments to study rapid 3D velocity fluctuations ADVs have three or more focused beams to measure with high sampling rates in a small point. They work by sending out a short acoustic pulse from the transmit element. When the pulse travels through the focus point for the receiver beams, the echo is recorded in each of the acoustic receiver elements. The echo is then processed to find the Doppler shift, the scaling is adjusted with the measured speed of sound in the liquid (hence the temperature measurement), and the velocity vector is recorded or transmitted to a PC at a rapid rate. http://www.nortek-as.com/en/products/velocimeters
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description: GCMD instruments - In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Pressure/Height Meters > PRESSURE SENSORS ASFA Thesaurus - pressure sensors http://www4.fao.org/asfa/asfa.htm
