Floating microplastics concentration in the northwestern Pacific Ocean from 2017-08-28 to 2017-09-24 (NCEI Accession 0276021)
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title: Floating microplastics concentration in the northwestern Pacific Ocean from 2017-08-28 to 2017-09-24 (NCEI Accession 0276021)
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abstract: This study was carried out to estimate the floating microplastics (i.e. plastics measuring less than 5mm, reported in unit of pieces/m^3) concentration in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Microplastics data was collected from 2017-08-28 to 2017-09-24 using a manta net. This dataset contains the results from all 18 sampling stations, in a spreadsheet format.
purpose: These data were collected in order to determine the floating microplastics concentrations in the northwestern Pacific Ocean during 2017-08-28 to 2017-09-24
credit: Related Funding Agency: Eastern Pacific Eco environment Monitoring and Protection Project (DY135-E2-5-02)
credit: Related Funding Agency: State Oceanic Administration of China Special Fund Project (SOA201303)
credit: Related Funding Agency: Oceans & Fisheries Bureau of Xiamen, China (Contract No. 14PST63NF27).
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title: Pan Z, Guo H, Chen H, Wang S, Sun X, Zou Q, Zhang Y, Lin H, Cai S, Huang J. Microplastics in the Northwestern Pacific: Abundance, distribution, and characteristics. Science of The Total Environment. 2018 Sep 18;650:1913-1922
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description: Parameter or Variable: MICROPLASTIC CONCENTRATION (measured); Units: pieces/m3; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Manta net; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Floating microplastics were collected from 18 stations in the Northwestern Pacific using a surface manta trawl with a mesh size of ~330 μm and width of 1 m. The manta trawl was deployed to sea surface via a reel-operated lift on the side of the research vessel. The angle between trawling and shipping route is about 20°. The microplastics at the ocean surface were sampled by trawling horizontally between 50 and 240 min at a speed of 1.0 to 3.0 knots at each field station. The trawling distance is estimated using the GPS data recorded at the beginning and end of trawling. The sampling area is estimated as the product of trawling length and net width. When the net is clogged by debris such as phytoplankton, the sampling is suspended and restarted using a clean manta net. At the end of the trawling, the net was lifted at a speed of 0.5 m s−1 and rinsed with natural seawater onsite to drive all the samples inside the net down to the bottom of the sampling bottle and wash away the impurities outside the net. The used net was collected for further processing in the laboratory. Plastic and other debris >5 mm in diameter were picked up by steel tweezers and put into glass bottles. The sample in the collector attached to the bottom of the net was then transferred to a 500-mL glass vial. Meanwhile, the control samples were taken by rinsing the collector attached to the bottom of the cleaned nets with Milli-Q water. All samples were stored at 4 °C prior to analysis. Water samples in the sampling bottle were poured through stacked stainless-steel mesh sieves with mesh sizes of 5.0-mm and 0.3-mm, respectively. Residues on the 5.0-mm sieves were collected. Subsequently, the glass sampling bottles were rinsed and then filtered through the sieves with Milli-Q water. Salt was also removed from the field samples during this process. This procedure was repeated three times to ensure complete removal of samples from the bottle. Then the 0.3-mm sieve was rinsed thoroughly with Milli-Q water and all the material collected was transferred to clean beakers. Finally, the sample in the beaker was dried in the oven at 75 °C. Digestion was carried out to aid identification of the microplastics. 20 mL aqueous 0.05 M Fe(II) solution was first added to the dried beaker containing the 0.3 mm size fraction of the collected solids, and then 20 mL 30% H2O2. The mixture covered with a watch glass was kept at room temperature for 5 min and then heated at 75 °C on a hotplate under the hood until bubbles appeared. The beaker was removed and kept until the reaction is completed. Subsequently, it was heated at 75 °C for another 30 min. Another 20 mL 30% H2O2 was added and the above process is repeated to ensure a thorough oxidation of organic matter. About 6 g NaCl was added to a 20 mL sample to increase the density of the solution. The mixture was transferred to a glass funnel after the complete dissolution of NaCl (~300 g L−1). The beaker was rinsed several times with Milli-Q water to ensure that the solid was completely transferred to a density separator which was loosely covered with an aluminum foil and settled overnight. Most plastics would float to the surface the next day. Further MPs screening was conducted through a visual inspection of any settled solids. The identified MPs were drained and collected using forceps. The supernatant was filtered through a glass fiber filter (GF/F Whatman, 47 mm diameter and 0.7 μm pore size) using a vacuum system. The funnel was rinsed several times with Milli-Q water and the solution was poured through the glass fiber filter as well. Finally, all solids including the suspected MPs in the settled solids from the filter were collectively placed in a clean petri dish covered with aluminum foil and air dried overnight for further analysis to obtain the type, abundance, shape, color, and size of microplastics. The collected solids were further inspected visually under a microscope (Olympus CKX 41, Japan) for microplastics screening.; Data Quality Method: The composition of discernable solids was identified using Micro-Raman spectroscopy. Micro-Raman Spectroscopic analysis was conducted using a Senterra II Compact Raman Microscope (Bruker Optics Inc., Billerica, MA) coupled with an optical microscope with a grafting of 1200 lines/mm with 20× and 50× objectives (Infinity, USA). All the MPs samples were excited with visible 532 nm and near-infrared 785 nm diode lasers of 1–60 mW focused onto the sample for 10–60 s. Raman spectra were recorded as line measurements (N4 points) on various parts of the focused particle to avoid any contamination of impurities. All spectra with a frequency resolution of ~3–5 cm−1 and range of 400–4000 cm−1 were analyzed using the OPUS 7.5 software (Opus software Inc., San Rafael, CA). Both commercial library and self-created library references of main plastic polymers were adopted for identifying the composition of microplastics..
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
maintenanceNote: Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Manta net
type: Manta net
description: Manta net is a small, easily manageable net designed to sample plankton or microplastics located in the first few centimeters of the water column.