Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale, and other variables collected from discrete samples and profile observations during the R/V F. G. Walton Smith cruise WS21212 (EXPOCODE 33WA20210731) in the North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico from 2021-07-31 to 2021-08-06 (NCEI Accession 0248266)
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title: Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale, and other variables collected from discrete samples and profile observations during the R/V F. G. Walton Smith cruise WS21212 (EXPOCODE 33WA20210731) in the North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico from 2021-07-31 to 2021-08-06 (NCEI Accession 0248266)
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abstract: This dataset contains the discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale, ammonia, water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrients during the R/V F. G. Walton Smith cruise WS21212 (EXPOCODE 33WA20210731) in the North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico from 2021-07-31 to 2021-08-06. Increasing amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide from human industrial activities are causing changes in global ocean carbon chemistry resulting in a reduction in pH, a process termed ocean acidification. In support of the coastal monitoring and research objectives of the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP), the South Florida Project Cruises (SFP) are utilized to collect water samples to measure surface water inorganic carbon and hydrographic parameters including nutrients. Samples are collected from 34 stations on a bi-monthly basis to monitor the outflow of the Shark River Slough (SRS) and red tide in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Water samples are sent to and analyzed by scientists at the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) for dissolved inorganic carbon, pH, total alkalinity and nutrient concentrations. These data are used to observe the effects of the SRS on acidification in the coastal ocean.
purpose: To measure key carbon, physical and biogeochemical parameters in coastal waters of the US in relation to Ocean Acidification and monitor changes over time.
credit: Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (Expanding near-shore carbonate measurements along the East-coast and Gulf of Mexico through multiple collaborations, 21403)
credit: Funding Information: NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program (Near-shore Carbonate Sampling, Near-shore-OA)
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Anchor: https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/aa953a14-4581-47f8-a5b3-c8dd50904ee0 TEMPERATURE SENSORS > TEMPERATURE SENSORS
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Anchor: https://vocab.ices.dk/services/pox/GetCodeDetail/SHIPC/33WA F. G. Walton Smith (call sign: WCZ6292, ICES code: 33WA, 1999-)
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Anchor: https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/a4202721-0cba-4fa1-853f-890f146b04f9 OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
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Anchor: https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/75fab119-51a6-4b59-9711-f6c3cd3139db OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN > GULF OF AMERICA
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keyword: North Atlantic Ocean
keyword: Southwest Gulf of Mexico
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otherConstraints: Cite as: Barbero, Leticia; Wanninkhof, Rik; Pierrot, Denis (2022). Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale, and other variables collected from discrete samples and profile observations during the R/V F. G. Walton Smith cruise WS21212 (EXPOCODE 33WA20210731) in the North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico from 2021-07-31 to 2021-08-06 (NCEI Accession 0248266). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/a0cc-5j74. Accessed [date].
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title: R/V Walton Smith Coastal Cruises
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title: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system
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beginPosition: 2021-07-31
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description: Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC; Unit: micro-mol/kg; Observation type: Profile and Flow Through (FT); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Two systems consisting of a coulometer (UIC Inc.) coupled with a Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Extractor (DICE) inlet system. DICE was developed by Esa Peltola and Denis Pierrot of NOAA/AOML and Dana Greeley of NOAA/PMEL to modernize a carbon extractor called SOMMA (Johnson et al. 1985, 1987, 1993, and 1999; Johnson 1992); Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Samples for total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) measurements were drawn according to procedures outlined in the Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements (Dickson et al., 2007) from Niskin bottles into cleaned 500-ml glass bottles. Bottles were rinsed and filled from the bottom, leaving 6 ml of headspace; care was taken not to entrain any bubbles. After 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 solution was added as a preservative, the sample bottles were sealed with glass stoppers lightly covered with Apiezon-L grease and were stored at room temperature to be sent back to the lab for analysis after the cruise. The analysis was done by coulometry with two analytical systems (AOML5 and AOML6) used simultaneously. In the coulometric analysis of DIC, all carbonate species are converted to CO2 (gas) by addition of excess hydrogen ion (acid) to the seawater sample, and the evolved CO2 gas is swept into the titration cell of the coulometer with pure air or compressed nitrogen, where it reacts quantitatively with a proprietary reagent based on ethanolamine to generate hydrogen ions. In this process, the solution changes from blue to colorless, triggering a current through the cell and causing coulometrical generation of OH minus ions at the anode. The OH ions react with the H+, and the solution turns blue again. A beam of light is shone through the solution, and a photometric detector at the opposite side of the cell senses the change in transmission. Once the percent transmission reaches its original value, the coulometric titration is stopped, and the amount of CO2 that enters the cell is determined by integrating the total charge during the titration. The volume of the pipette used to deliver the sample in each system was determined with aliquots of distilled water at known temperature. The weights with the appropriate densities were used to determine the volume of the pipette. Calculation of the amount of CO2 injected was according to the CO2 handbook (Dickson et al., 2007).The instrument has a salinity sensor, but all DIC values were recalculated to a molar weight (micro-mol/kg) using density obtained from the CTD salinity. The DIC values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation (Measured DIC*1.00037). A correction was also applied for the offset from the CRM. This additive correction was applied for each cell using the CRM value obtained in the beginning of the cell. Please consult the accompanying Readme file for additional details.; Replicate information: 87 samples each 500-ml, 8 duplicate samples.; Standardization description: The coulometers were calibrated by injecting aliquots of pure CO2 (99.99%) by means of an 8-port valve outfitted with two sample loops with known gas volumes bracketing the amount of CO2 extracted from the water samples for the two AOML systems.; Standardization frequency: The stability of each coulometer cell solution was confirmed three different ways: two sets of gas loops were measured at the beginning; also the Certified Reference Material (CRM), supplied by Dr. A. Dickson of UCSD, were measured at the beginning; and the duplicate samples at the beginning, middle, and end of each cell solution. The coulometer cell solution was replaced after 25 mg of carbon was titrated, typically after 9 to 12 hours of continuous use.; CRM manufacturer: Dr. Andrew Dickson of UCSD; CRM batch number: Batch 178; Preservation method: saturated HgCl2; Preservative volume: 0.2 ml; Preservative correction: The DIC values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation. The total water volume of the sample bottles was 540 ml (calibrated by Esa Peltola, AOML). The correction factor used for dilution was 1.00037.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Dickson, A.G., Sabine, C.L. and Christian, J.R. (Eds.) 2007. Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements. PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp. Johnson, K.M., Kortzinger, A.; Mintrop, L.; Duinker, J.C.; and Wallace, D.W.R. (1999). Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Measurement and internal consistency of underway surface TCO2 concentrations. Marine Chemistry 67:123 to 44. Johnson, K.M., Wills, K.D.; Butler, D.B.; Johnson, W.K.; and Wong, C.S. (1993). Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Maximizing the performance of an automated gas extraction. Johnson, K.M. (1992). Operator Manual: Single-Operator Multiparameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA) for Total Carbon Dioxide (CT) with Coulometric Detection. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Brookhaven, N.Y. Johnson, K.M.; Williams, P.J.; Brandstrom, L.; and McN. Sieburth, J. (1987). Coulometric total carbon analysis for marine studies: Automation and calibration. Marine Chemistry 21:117 to 33.; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof; Researcher institution: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TAlk; Unit: micro-mol/kg; Observation type: Profile and Flow Through (FT); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Semi-automatic titration systems, System 1 consists of a Metrohm 765 Dosimat titrator, a pH meter (Orion 720A, ThermoScientific), a ROSS half cell pH glass electrode (Orion 9101BN, ThermoScientific) and a reference electrode (Orion 900200, ThermoScientific). System 2 consists of a Metrohm 665 Dosimat titrator, a pH meter (Orion 2 star pH Benchtop, ThermoScientific), a ROSS half cell pH glass electrode (Orion 9101BN, ThermoScientific) and a reference electrode (Orion 900200, ThermoScientific).; Type of titration: Full Titration; Cell type (open or closed): Open; Curve fitting method: Least-Square Analysis; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: All of the samples were run using leftover water from the same sample bottles used for DIC and pH. Please refer to DIC for detailed information on sampling and conservation of samples. For each measurement, approximately 200 ml of water sample were titrated with an HCl solution provided by Dr. Andrew Dickson of UCSD (0.25175 moles per kilogram-solution). Please consult the accompanying Readme file for additional details.; Replicate information: 87 samples each 500-ml, 8 duplicate samples.; Standardization description: 2 CRM samples were run daily on each cell, before and after the seawater samples. The Total Alkalinity for the water samples was corrected using the daily averaged ratios between the certified and measured values of the 2 CRMs run on each cell. This TA titration system has a precision of 0.1 %. All the TA values were directly measured with reference to Certified Reference Material. The accuracy after correction is 0.1%. Please check attached pdf for more details.; Standardization frequency: All values were directly measured with reference to Certified Reference Material (Dickson, UCSD). 2 CRM samples were run daily on each cell.; CRM manufacturer: Dr. Andrew Dickson of UCSD; CRM batch number: CRM batch: 178; Preservation method: saturated HgCl2; Preservative volume: 0.2 ml; Uncertainty: The precision of this method is better than 0.1% and accuracy is 0.1%.; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Millero, F. J., Zhang, J. Z., Lee, K., and Campbell, D. M. (1993). Titration alkalinity of seawater. Marine Chemistry, 44(2), 153-165.; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof; Researcher institution: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH; pH scale: Total; Observation type: Profile and Flow Through (FT); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; Analyzing instrument: Agilent 8453 spectrometer setup with a custom-made temperature-controlled cell holder; Temperature of pH measurement: 20 (+/- 0.05) degrees Celsius; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The same sample bottle was used for pH, DIC and Talk analyses, with pH being analyzed first. The samples were fixed with HgCl2 (refer to DIC for more information on sampling and storage). Samples were thermostated at 20 (+/- 0.05) degrees Celsius in a water bath. Approximately 80 ml of sample were extracted from each DIC sample bottle by syringe before DIC analysis to determine the pH. Temperature for each sample was measured before analysis using a Hart Scientific Fluke 1523 reference thermometer. Absorbance blanks were taken for each sample and 10 micro liter of purified m-cresol purple (10 mmol kg-1) were added for the analysis. The equations of Liu et al, 2011 formulated using the purified m-cresol purple indicator were used to determine pH of the samples. pH samples were analyzed at 20C. Please check accompanying readme file for additional details.; Replicate information: 87 samples each 500-ml, 8 duplicate samples.; Standardization description: The pH is calibration-free.; At what temperature was pH reported: 20 and 25 degrees Celsius; Uncertainty: Please check attached pdf for more details; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value, 5 = value not reported, 6 = mean of replicate measurements, 9 = sample not drawn.; Method reference: Liu, X.; Patsavas, M.C.; and Byrne, R. H. (2011). Purification and characterization of meta-cresol purple for spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(11), 4862-4868. https://doi.org/10.1021/es200665d; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof; Researcher institution: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Depth of water at station; Abbreviation: Depth_station; Unit: meters; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: Surface underway and profile; Measured or calculated: Measured or calculated; Calculation method and parameters: Calculated from ETOPO1 global relief (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/global.html) when sounder or altimeter data not available; Sampling instrument: Sounder or altimeter, models vary; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Ship based sounder used when available. Depth from an altimeter on the CTD may also be used. Where neither of theses sources were available (typically due to water depth exceeding sounder's detection limit), depth may be estimated using the ETOPO1 bathymetry.; Uncertainty: Uncertainty varies with source; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof; Researcher institution: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Depth of water at sample collection; Abbreviation: Depth_sampling; Unit: meters; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SBE 911plus CTD; Uncertainty: plus or minus 1 meter (data has also been vertically binaveraged to 1 decibar bins); Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof; Researcher institution: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Water pressure; Abbreviation: CTDPRS; Unit: decibars; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SBE 911plus CTD; Uncertainty: plus or minus decibar (data has also been vertically binaveraged to 1 decibar bins); Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof; Researcher institution: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Water temperature; Abbreviation: CTDTMP; Unit: degrees celsius (ITS-90); Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SBE 911plus CTD; Uncertainty: plus or minus 0.001 degrees celsius; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof; Researcher institution: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Salinity; Abbreviation: CTDSAL; Unit: practical salinity scale of 1978; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Seasave 7, calculated from temperature and conductivity; Sampling instrument: SBE 911plus CTD; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: CTD Salinity values were validated using water samples collected during profiles. Corrections were applied when needed.; Uncertainty: plus or minus 0.01 PSS-78; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof; Researcher institution: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Potential density at surface pressure; Abbreviation: Sigma-Theta; Unit: kilograms per cubic meter minus 1000; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Calculation method and parameters: SeaBird Seasave 7 from measured temperature, conductivity and pressure; Sampling instrument: SBE 911plus CTD; Uncertainty: plus or minus 0.01 kilograms per cubic meter; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof; Researcher institution: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Oxygen; Abbreviation: CTDOXYmg; Unit: milligrams per liter; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SBE-43 dissolved oxygen sensor; Uncertainty: plus or minus 2 percent of saturation; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof; Researcher institution: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Oxygen; Abbreviation: CTDOXY; Unit: micromoles per kilogram; Observation type: Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: SBE-43 dissolved oxygen sensor; Uncertainty: plus or minus 2 percent of saturation; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof; Researcher institution: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Silicic acid concentration; Abbreviation: SILCAT; Unit: micromoles per kilogram; Observation type: Profile and Flow Through (FT); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: Seal Analytical Auto Analyzer 3; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Please check attached pdf for more details; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Method reference: Zhang, J-.Z. and Berberian, G.A. (1997). Determination of dissolved silicate in estuarine and coastal waters by gas segmented flow colorimetric analysis, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA Method 366.0), EPA-600-R-97-072. Zhang, J-.Z., Fischer, C.J. and Ortner, P.B. (2001). Continuous flow analysis of phosphate in natural waters using hydrazine as a reductant. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 80(1): 61-73. Zhang, J.-Z., Ortner, P.B. and Fischer, C.J. (1997b). Determination of nitrate and nitrite in estuarine and coastal waters by gas segmented continuous flow colorimetric analysis. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Method 353.4), EPA-600-R-97-072. Zhang, J.-Z., Ortner, P.B., Fischer, C.J and Moore, L.D. (1997a). Determination of ammonia in estuarine and coastal waters by gas segmented continuous flow colorimetric analysis. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Method 349.0), EPA-600-R-97-072. Zimmermann, C.F., and C.W. Keefe (1997). Determination of orthophosphate in estuarine and coastal waters by automated colorimetric analysis. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA method 365.5), EPA-600-R-97-072.; Researcher name: Jia-Zhong Zhang; Researcher institution: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Nitrate and Nitrite total concentration; Abbreviation: NITRIT+NITRAT; Unit: micromoles per kilogram; Observation type: Profile and Flow Through (FT); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: Seal Analytical Auto Analyzer 3; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Please check attached pdf for more details; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Method reference: Zhang, J-.Z. and Berberian, G.A. (1997). Determination of dissolved silicate in estuarine and coastal waters by gas segmented flow colorimetric analysis, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA Method 366.0), EPA-600-R-97-072. Zhang, J-.Z., Fischer, C.J. and Ortner, P.B. (2001). Continuous flow analysis of phosphate in natural waters using hydrazine as a reductant. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 80(1): 61-73. Zhang, J.-Z., Ortner, P.B. and Fischer, C.J. (1997b). Determination of nitrate and nitrite in estuarine and coastal waters by gas segmented continuous flow colorimetric analysis. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Method 353.4), EPA-600-R-97-072. Zhang, J.-Z., Ortner, P.B., Fischer, C.J and Moore, L.D. (1997a). Determination of ammonia in estuarine and coastal waters by gas segmented continuous flow colorimetric analysis. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Method 349.0), EPA-600-R-97-072. Zimmermann, C.F., and C.W. Keefe (1997). Determination of orthophosphate in estuarine and coastal waters by automated colorimetric analysis. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA method 365.5), EPA-600-R-97-072.; Researcher name: Jia-Zhong Zhang; Researcher institution: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Ammonia concentration; Abbreviation: AMMONIA; Unit: micromoles per kilogram; Observation type: Profile and Flow Through (FT); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: Seal Analytical Auto Analyzer 3; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Please check attached pdf for more details; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Method reference: Zhang, J-.Z. and Berberian, G.A. (1997). Determination of dissolved silicate in estuarine and coastal waters by gas segmented flow colorimetric analysis, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA Method 366.0), EPA-600-R-97-072. Zhang, J-.Z., Fischer, C.J. and Ortner, P.B. (2001). Continuous flow analysis of phosphate in natural waters using hydrazine as a reductant. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 80(1): 61-73. Zhang, J.-Z., Ortner, P.B. and Fischer, C.J. (1997b). Determination of nitrate and nitrite in estuarine and coastal waters by gas segmented continuous flow colorimetric analysis. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Method 353.4), EPA-600-R-97-072. Zhang, J.-Z., Ortner, P.B., Fischer, C.J and Moore, L.D. (1997a). Determination of ammonia in estuarine and coastal waters by gas segmented continuous flow colorimetric analysis. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Method 349.0), EPA-600-R-97-072. Zimmermann, C.F., and C.W. Keefe (1997). Determination of orthophosphate in estuarine and coastal waters by automated colorimetric analysis. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA method 365.5), EPA-600-R-97-072.; Researcher name: Jia-Zhong Zhang; Researcher institution: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Phosphate concentration; Abbreviation: PHSPHT; Unit: micromoles per kilogram; Observation type: Profile and Flow Through (FT); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Analyzing instrument: Seal Analytical Auto Analyzer 3; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Please check attached pdf for more details; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Method reference: Zhang, J-.Z. and Berberian, G.A. (1997). Determination of dissolved silicate in estuarine and coastal waters by gas segmented flow colorimetric analysis, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA Method 366.0), EPA-600-R-97-072. Zhang, J-.Z., Fischer, C.J. and Ortner, P.B. (2001). Continuous flow analysis of phosphate in natural waters using hydrazine as a reductant. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 80(1): 61-73. Zhang, J.-Z., Ortner, P.B. and Fischer, C.J. (1997b). Determination of nitrate and nitrite in estuarine and coastal waters by gas segmented continuous flow colorimetric analysis. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Method 353.4), EPA-600-R-97-072. Zhang, J.-Z., Ortner, P.B., Fischer, C.J and Moore, L.D. (1997a). Determination of ammonia in estuarine and coastal waters by gas segmented continuous flow colorimetric analysis. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA Method 349.0), EPA-600-R-97-072. Zimmermann, C.F., and C.W. Keefe (1997). Determination of orthophosphate in estuarine and coastal waters by automated colorimetric analysis. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA method 365.5), EPA-600-R-97-072.; Researcher name: Jia-Zhong Zhang; Researcher institution: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Chlorophyll and Phaeophytin; Abbreviation: CHL and PHAE; Unit: Micrograms per Liter; Observation type: Profile and Flow Through (FT); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin Bottle; Analyzing instrument: Turner Designs TD-700 Fluorometer; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Chlorophyll-a concentrations are determined via a standardized filtration-extraction method using a 60:40 mixture of 90% acetone and dimethyl sulfoxide. The fluorescence of each sample is measured before and after the acidification in order to correct for phaeophytin on a TD-700 fluorometer.; Replicate information: Replicate every sample; Uncertainty: 0.1 µg/L; Quality flag convention: -999 indicates bad or missing data; Method reference: Shoaf, W.T. and Lium, B.W. (1976). Improved extraction of chlorophyll-a and b from algae using dimethyl sulfoxide. Limnology and Oceanography 21: 926-928. EPA Method 445 (1997) In vitro determination of chlorophyll-a in marine and freshwater algae by fluorescence.; Researcher name: Chris Kelble; Researcher institution: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) .
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
maintenanceNote: Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
type: carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
description: measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: CTD
type: CTD
description: Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Niskin bottle
type: Niskin bottle
description: Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle?
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: nutrient autoanalyzer
type: nutrient autoanalyzer
description: Laboratory Instrument Nutrient Autoanalyzer is a generic term describing an automated flow-thru system used to conduct analyses of several different nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, and silicate) simultaneously from a seawater sample. For example: SEAL AutoAnalyzer 3 HR Continuous Segmented Flow Analyzer
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: salinometer
type: salinometer
description: generic salinometer use salinometer when the instrument type used is unclear but the data include salinity measurements
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: temperature sensor
type: temperature sensor
description: A sensor used to measure temperature.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: titrator
type: titrator
description: titrator
platform: (MI_Platform)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: R/V F.G. Walton Smith
description: R/V; RSMAS Univ. of Miami; built 1999; active as July 2007 University of Miami assigned a new call sign to F.G. WALTON SMITH on January 13, 2021. The previous call sign was WCZ6292.
instrument: (missing)
