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Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), pH, discrete pCO2, methane, nutrients, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, salinity and other measurements collected from discrete samples and profile observations via opportunistic sampling on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent cruises 2014-10, 2015-05, and 2016-15 by Natural Resources of Canada (NRCan) in the Arctic Ocean, Beaufort Sea and Canada Basin from 2014-08-28 to 2016-09-13 (NCEI Accession 0240685)


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            title:  Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), pH, discrete pCO2, methane, nutrients, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, salinity and other measurements collected from discrete samples and profile observations via opportunistic sampling on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent cruises 2014-10, 2015-05, and 2016-15 by Natural Resources of Canada (NRCan) in the Arctic Ocean, Beaufort Sea and Canada Basin from 2014-08-28 to 2016-09-13 (NCEI Accession 0240685)
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                date:  2021-09-01
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                  Anchor:  DOI 10.25921/2gj7-e547
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/5475 Reid Steele
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/953 Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Marine Environmental Data Section (MEDS)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/104 Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/5085 Kumiko Azetsu-Scott
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        abstract:  This dataset includes discrete sample and profile data collected during United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) cruises 2014-10, 2015-05, and 2016-15 by Natural Resources of Canada (NRCan) in the Arctic Ocean, Beaufort Sea and Canada Basin from 2014-08-28 to 2016-09-13. These data include dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), pH, pCO2, methane, nutrients, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, salinity and other measurements. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) cruise was conducted by Natural Resources of Canada (NRCan). Samples for Dissolved Inorganic Carbon and Total Alkalinity were collected on board of Louis St. Larent in the Beaufort Sea and the Canada Basin.
        purpose:  To fill the data gap in the high Arctic Ocean, data were collected in the opportunistic manner.
        credit:  Funding Information: Government of Canada: Fisheries and Oceans Canada (Aquatic Climate Change Adaptation Services Program (ACCASP), 881-15K-96036)
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                    date:  2021-08-26
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/584 Delta Oxygen-18
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/588 DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC)
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/224 nitrate + nitrite content (concentration)
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/70 partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/257 pH
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/5 total alkalinity
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              Anchor:  https://vocab.ices.dk/services/pox/GetCodeDetail/SHIPC/18SN LOUIS S. ST-LAURENT (call sign: CGBN, ICES code: 18SN, 1969)
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0240685 v1.1 was published.
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                description:  Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: TCARBN; Unit: umol / kg; Observation type: discrete; Measured or calculated: measured; Sampling instrument: CTD and rosette bottle sampler: Niskin bottle; 10 L; Analyzing instrument: SOMMA with UIC 5011 coulometer; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Seawater samples were collected from standard depths in 500 mL borosilicate glass reagent bottles. Five mL of water was removed to allow room for thermal expansion and the sample was preserved within 30 minutes of collection with 0.1 mL of a mercuric chloride saturated solution; then sealed with Apiezon M grease and the ground glass stoppers secured in place with rubber bands. The samples were stored at room temperature until on-shore laboratory analysis. The samples were analysed for DIC using a SOMMA sample handling system in conjunction with a coulometer (UIC Inc.) to quantify total CO2 purged from the acidified sample. Measurements of a Certified reference material seawater (CRMs; Scripps Oceanographic Institution) were used for calibrating DIC with each batch of 20 samples being bracketed by duplicate CRM measurements.; Replicate information: Referenced to duplicate measurement of CRM prior to; and following; each daily batch of DIC samples; Standardization description: Referenced to duplicate measurement of CRM prior to each daily batch of DIC; Standardization frequency: To bracket each batch of 20 samples; CRM manufacturer: Andrew Dickson's Lab at Scripps Institute of Oceanography (co2crms@ucsd.edu); CRM batch number: 139; 141; Preservation method: Mercuric chloride saturated solution; Preservative volume: 100 uL per 500 ml sample bottle = 0.02%; Preservative correction: None; Uncertainty: 0.0015 umol.kg; Quality flag convention: 1 = Sample drawn from bottle but analysis not recieved; 2 = QC Performed: Acceptable Measurement; 3 = QC Performed: Questionable Measurement; 4 = QC Performed: Bad Measurement; 5 = QC Performed: Not Reported; 6 = Mean of replicate measurements; 7 = Manual chromatographic peak measurement; 8 = Irregular digital chromatographic peak integration; 9 = Not sampled; Method reference: Dickson; A.G.; Sabine; C.L. and Christian; J.R. (Eds.) 2007. Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements. PICES Special Publication 3; 191 pp.; https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/ftp/oceans/Handbook_2007/Guide_all_in_one.pdf; Researcher name: Kumiko Azetsu-Scott; Researcher institution: Bedford Institute of Oceanography.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: ALKALI; Unit: umol / kg; Observation type: discrete; Measured or calculated: measured; Calculation method and parameters: Concentration (umol / kg) = concentration (umoles/litre) / density (10 C;S); Sampling instrument: CTD and rosette bottle sampler: Niskin bottle; 10 L; Analyzing instrument: In-house automated sampler with Metrohm Titrando dosimat and Tiamo software; Type of titration: Potentiometric multi point titration; Cell type (open or closed): Open; Curve fitting method: Gran point; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Seawater samples were collected from standard depths in 500 mL borosilicate glass reagent bottles. Five mL of water was removed to allow room for thermal expansion and the sample was preserved within 30 minutes of collection with 0.1 mL of a mercuric chloride saturated solution; then sealed with Apiezon M grease and the ground glass stoppers secured in place with rubber bands. The samples were stored at room temperature until on-shore laboratory analysis. TA in the sample was determined using an open cell automated potentiometric titration with a Metrohm Titrando dosing unit controlled by Metrohm Tiamo software. The multi-point titration; using 0.1N HCl titrant containing 35 g of sodium chloride per litre of acid; was performed in a temperature controlled flask held at 25 ¬∞C with Gran endpoint determination. Measurements of a Certified reference material seawater (CRMs; Scripps Oceanographic Institution) were used for calibrating TA with each batch of 20 samples being bracketed by duplicate CRM measurements.; Replicate information: Monoplicate sample / monoplicate measurement; Standardization description: Referenced to duplicate measurement of CRM prior to each daily batch of samples; Standardization frequency: Each batch of 20 samples; CRM manufacturer: Andrew Dickson's Lab at Scripps Institute of Oceanography; CRM batch number: 139; 141; Preservation method: Mercuric chloride saturated solution; Preservative volume: 100 uL per 500 ml sample bottle = 0.02%; Preservative correction: none; TA blank correction: Averages between 10-40 umol / kg; Uncertainty: 0.0025; Quality flag convention: 1 = Sample drawn from bottle but analysis not recieved; 2 = QC Performed: Acceptable Measurement; 3 = QC Performed: Questionable Measurement; 4 = QC Performed: Bad Measurement; 5 = QC Performed: Not Reported; 6 = Mean of replicate measurements; 7 = Manual chromatographic peak measurement; 8 = Irregular digital chromatographic peak integration; 9 = Not sampled; Method reference: This is method described in SOP 3a of Dickson; A.G.; Sabine; C.L. and Christian; J.R. (Eds.) 2007. Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements. PICES Special Publication 3; 191 pp; Researcher name: Kumiko Azetsu-Scott; Researcher institution: Bedford Institute of Oceanography.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Partial Pressure of CO2; Abbreviation: pCO2; Unit: uatm; Observation type: discrete; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle; 10 L; Analyzing instrument: SRI 8610C gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector and methanizer; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Seawater samples were collected in 160 mL volume crimp seal serum bottles; allowing the bottle to overflow by 3 volumes. The sample was immediately stabilised by the addition of 50 mL of saturated mercuric chloride solution; crimp sealed with a butyl rubber septum then stored in a refrigerator. Before analysis; a 11 mL headspace of 400 ppm CO2 in zero air was introduced into the bottle which was then thermally equilibrated at 22 ¬∞C for one hour. The bottle was then shaken vigorously for 8 minutes and the headspace displaced by a brine solution; flushing the sample loop of an SRI gas chromatograph equipped with a methaniser and flame ionisation detector. CO2 peaks were calibrated by injections of primary standard gas mixtures (Air Liquide) having CO2 mixing ratios of 397.3; 797.2; 1201 and 2017 ppm.; Uncertainty: 1 uatm; Quality flag convention: 1 = Sample drawn from bottle but analysis not recieved; 2 = QC Performed: Acceptable Measurement; 3 = QC Performed: Questionable Measurement; 4 = QC Performed: Bad Measurement; 5 = QC Performed: Not Reported; 6 = Mean of replicate measurements; 7 = Manual chromatographic peak measurement; 8 = Irregular digital chromatographic peak integration; 9 = Not sampled; Method reference: Dickson; A.G.; Sabine; C.L. and Christian; J.R. (Eds.) 2007. Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements. PICES Special Publication 3; 191 pp.; https://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/ftp/oceans/Handbook_2007/Guide_all_in_one.pdf; Researcher name: Kumiko Azetsu-Scott; Researcher institution: Bedford Institute of Oceanography.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CTD Temperature; Abbreviation: CTDTMP; Unit: degrees celcius; Observation type: CTD sensor; Sampling instrument: CTD; Analyzing instrument: CTD; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CTD Salinity; Abbreviation: CTDSAL; Observation type: CTD sensor; Sampling instrument: CTD; Analyzing instrument: CTD; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CTD Oxygen; Abbreviation: CTDOXY; Unit: umol/kg; Observation type: CTD sensor; Sampling instrument: CTD; Analyzing instrument: CTD; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Bottle Salinity; Abbreviation: SALNTY; Observation type: Bottle, discrete; Sampling instrument: CTD; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Bottle Oxygen; Abbreviation: OXYGEN; Unit: UMOL/KG; Observation type: Bottle, discrete; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottles; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Chlorofluorocarbon 12; Abbreviation: CFC-12; Unit: PMOL/KG; Observation type: Bottle, discrete; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottles; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Nutrients; Abbreviation: SiO3, NO3, NO2, PO4; Unit: UMOL/KG; Observation type: Bottle, discrete; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottles; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: sulfur hexafluoride; Abbreviation: SF6; Unit: FMOL/KG; Observation type: Bottle, discrete; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottles; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: methane; Abbreviation: CH4; Unit: NMOL/KG; Observation type: Bottle, discrete; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottles; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value .
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            type:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            description:  measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  CTD
            type:  CTD
            description:  Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  Niskin bottle
            type:  Niskin bottle
            description:  Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle?
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  nutrient autoanalyzer
            type:  nutrient autoanalyzer
            description:  Laboratory Instrument Nutrient Autoanalyzer is a generic term describing an automated flow-thru system used to conduct analyses of several different nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, and silicate) simultaneously from a seawater sample. For example: SEAL AutoAnalyzer 3 HR Continuous Segmented Flow Analyzer
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  oxygen sensor
            type:  oxygen sensor
            description:  Any instrument that measures oxygen content in a compound.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  spectrophotometer
            type:  spectrophotometer
            description:  spectrophotometer, optical spectrometer, spectrograph or spectroscope An optical spectrometer (spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope) is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. Butler, L. R. P.; Laqua, K. (1995). "Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectrochemical analysis-IX. Instrumentation for the spectral dispersion and isolation of optical radiation (IUPAC Recommendations 1995)". Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 67 (10): 1725–1744. doi:10.1351/pac199567101725. A spectrometer is the general term for describing a combination of spectral apparatus with one or more detectors to measure the intensity of one or more spectral bands."
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  temperature sensor
            type:  temperature sensor
            description:  A sensor used to measure temperature.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  titrator
            type:  titrator
            description:  titrator
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent
            description:  Updated information from ICES for the vessel LOUIS S. ST-LAURENT from CANADA. NOTE: Use 18SN for all data from CANADA platform CCGS LOUIS S. ST-LAURENT. Do not use 32SL for any data from non-existent UNITED STATES platform LOUIS S. ST.LAURENT. Some data were incorrectly encoded with platform code 32SL. Name : LOUIS S. ST-LAURENT Flag : CANADA - CA (ISO Country Code) Call Sign : CGBN Title : CCGS Platform Class : 30 Ship IMO : 6705937 Commissioned Date : 1969 Current Length : 119.6 Built : 1969 Notes : Canadian coastguard heavy icebreaker (Arctic class 4). Additional Information Sources: - http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/Fleet/Vessel?vessel_id=81 - http://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/dk/shipdetails.aspx?MMSI=316165000&language=_GR - http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/search.php?search_imo=6705937&page_limit=12&viewtype=1 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCGS_Louis_S._St-Laurent - http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/folios/00790/images/dfo-photo-622-multimedia-eng.jpg - www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/folios/00019/docs/Louis-StLaurent-eng.pdf General Comments: Launch date 1966 Dec. 03 according to Miramar Official spelling corrected to LOUIS S. ST-LAURENT Confirmed on Miramar ship index
            instrument: (missing)