National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Diel seawater carbonate chemistry observations from a suite of instrumentation deployed at coral reef sites at Jarvis Island in the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument from 2017-04-02 to 2017-04-06 (NCEI Accession 0240607)
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title: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Diel seawater carbonate chemistry observations from a suite of instrumentation deployed at coral reef sites at Jarvis Island in the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument from 2017-04-02 to 2017-04-06 (NCEI Accession 0240607)
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abstract: The ocean acidification diel suite is an autonomous instrument package that measures diel variability in coral reef seawater carbonate chemistry. Diel suite surveys are conducted by the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) within coral reef ecosystems across the Pacific Islands Region as part of the NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP). This specific dataset covers diel surveys conducted during NCRMP missions at Jarvis Island from April 2-6, 2017. Diel suites were deployed on the reef for at least 24 hours to measure in-situ salinity, temperature, pressure, pH, and current direction and magnitude. Seawater samples were also collected for laboratory analyses of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA). Components of the carbonate system--including pH, pCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide), and aragonite saturation state--are calculated from DIC, TA, temperature, salinity and pressure. Each diel suite typically consisted of: 1 SBE-19plus CTD sensor,1 Nortek Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), 1 Satlantic SeaFET Ocean pH sensor, and up to 9 Programmable Underwater Collectors (PUCs), each of which collected 1 water sample at 4-hour intervals. Instruments deployed, samples collected, and sample intervals are recorded in the summary file enclosed with the data package, and exceptions to the standard diel suite are also noted.
purpose: Manual seawater sampling and other National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) field monitoring efforts are limited to daylight hour operations. As a result, these data sets do not capture full 24-hour variability in coral reef physical and chemical environments. The ocean acidification diel suite was developed to increase the temporal resolution and coverage of oceanographic and carbonate chemistry measurements and contextualize daytime sampling within the full diel cycle. The NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) details a long-term approach to provide an ecosystem perspective via monitoring climate, fish, benthic, and socioeconomic variables in a consistent and integrated manner. The NCRMP is intended to coordinate various NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) biological, physical, and human dimensions activities into a cohesive NOAA-wide effort. Through the implementation of the NCRMP, NOAA will be able to clearly and concisely communicate results of national-scale monitoring to national, state, and territorial policy makers, resource managers, and the public on a periodic basis. NCRMP provides a framework for conducting sustained observations of biological, climate, and socioeconomic indicators at 10 priority coral reefs across the U.S. and its territories. This integrated approach consolidates monitoring of coral reefs under a uniform method in the Pacific, Atlantic, Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico for the first time. NCRMP is funded by the CRCP and supported by NOAA Fisheries, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), NOAA Coral Reef Watch, and many other partners. The Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) at NOAA Fisheries is leading in-situ climate monitoring in the U.S. Pacific Islands Region as part of the ongoing Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP). The climate component of NCRMP in the Pacific provides a comprehensive view of climate change impacts on coral reef ecosystems and helps identify areas of resilience and vulnerability. The key indicators used to identify and monitor climate-driven trends include 1) thermal stress caused by changes in sea temperature, 2) ocean acidification resulting from changes in carbonate chemistry, and 3) ecological impacts by collecting data on coral growth rates, erosion, and community structure to understand the impacts of thermal stress and ocean acidification on the ecosystem. Each year, ESD scientists work closely with CRCP and partners during Pacific RAMP missions to collect data using moored oceanographic (subsurface temperature recorders) and ecological (calcification accretion units [CAUs] and autonomous reef monitoring structures [ARMS]) instruments stationed at fixed sites in the Pacific Ocean, and water samples collected by divers. The in-situ data and satellite-based observations are also used in modeling efforts. Innovative analysis techniques are used to develop products that give fellow scientists, managers, decision makers and the public a better understanding of a region's resources and how they are changing over time.
credit: Related Funding Agency: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
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Anchor: https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/46206e8c-8def-406f-9e62-da4e74633a58 EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE
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Anchor: https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/7041e51c-e2de-405a-b154-6016f624f54f EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > CONDUCTIVITY
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keyword: RAMP
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Anchor: https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/0b6020a0-2e04-407d-83af-34eabfefb870 COULOMETERS
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Anchor: https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/aa953a14-4581-47f8-a5b3-c8dd50904ee0 TEMPERATURE SENSORS > TEMPERATURE SENSORS
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Anchor: https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/1bb21d0f-bf48-42b5-8e09-cc0d58407e4a Ships
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Anchor: https://vocab.ices.dk/services/pox/GetCodeDetail/SHIPC/33HL Hi'ialakai (call sign: WTEY, ICES code: 33HL, 2004)
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keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Jarvis Island (00S160W0001)
keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Jarvis Island (00S160W0001)
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Anchor: https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/fa0ec8a7-ebed-4f2d-834b-1fa6a1c2e0ed OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN
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keyword: PRIA
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keyword: Pacific Remote Island Areas
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title: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 2021: National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Diel seawater carbonate chemistry observations from a suite of instrumentation deployed at coral reef sites in the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument since 2015, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/54926.
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beginPosition: 2017-04-02
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DateTime: 2021-11-04T16:49:22Z
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description: Parameter or Variable: WATER TEMPERATURE (measured); Units: degrees Celsius; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD - moored CTD; Sampling and Analyzing Method: CTD data were collected by a Sea Bird Electronics 19plus v2 SeaCAT at 5-min intervals in 2015 and 10-sec intervals in 2017. In 2016 an SBE-37 MicroCAT was used to collect conductivity and temperature data instead of a SBE-19plus v2 SeaCAT at 20-sec or 1-min intervals.; Data Quality Method: Data are uploaded as HEX files, converted to CNV using SBE Data Processing Software, and converted to CSV using the 'oce' package in R..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: PRESSURE - WATER [HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE] (measured); Units: decibar; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD - moored CTD or ADCP; Sampling and Analyzing Method: CTD data were collected by a Sea Bird Electronics 19plus v2 SeaCAT at 5-min intervals in 2015 and 10-sec intervals in 2017. In 2016 an SBE-37 MicroCAT was used to collect conductivity and temperature data instead of a SBE-19plus v2 SeaCAT at 20-sec or 1-min intervals. Pressure data are not available from the MicroCAT, so pressure data from the ADCP are included in the data package instead.; Data Quality Method: Data are uploaded as HEX files, converted to CNV using SBE Data Processing Software, and converted to CSV using the 'oce' package in R..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: CONDUCTIVITY (measured); Units: Siemens per meter; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD - moored CTD; Sampling and Analyzing Method: CTD data were collected by a Sea Bird Electronics 19plus v2 SeaCAT at 5-min intervals in 2015 and 10-sec intervals in 2017. In 2016 an SBE-37 MicroCAT was used to collect conductivity and temperature data instead of a SBE-19plus v2 SeaCAT at 20-sec or 1-min intervals.; Data Quality Method: Data are uploaded as HEX files, converted to CNV using SBE Data Processing Software, and converted to CSV using the 'oce' package in R..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: DEPTH - BOTTOM (calculated); Units: meter; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD - moored CTD.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: SIGMA-T (calculated); Units: kilogram/meter^3; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD - moored CTD; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calculated sigma-t density value, the density of seawater at atmospheric pressure minus 1000..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: SALINITY - BOTTOM WATER (calculated); Units: practical salinity unit; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CTD - moored CTD.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) (measured); Units: micromole/kilogram; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: programmable underwater collector (PUC); Sampling and Analyzing Method: PUCs are computerized timers attached to a low-power peristaltic pump. An array of PUCs collects water samples at 4-hour intervals over a 24-hour period. Samples are collected underwater in tedlar bags pre-poisoned with mercuric chloride and transferred to glass bottles within a few hours of recovery. Water samples are analyzed for DIC and TA by the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: ALKALINITY - TOTAL [total alkalinity] (measured); Units: micromole/kilogram; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: programmable underwater collector (PUC); Sampling and Analyzing Method: PUCs are computerized timers attached to a low-power peristaltic pump. An array of PUCs collects water samples at 4-hour intervals over a 24-hour period. Samples are collected underwater in tedlar bags pre-poisoned with mercuric chloride and transferred to glass bottles within a few hours of recovery. Water samples are analyzed for DIC and TA by the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: pH (calculated); Units: unitless; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: programmable underwater collector (PUC) and moored CTD; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calculated from measured DIC and TA from PUC water samples, and from temperature, salinity and pressure from the CTD (pressure from the ADCP was used in 2016)..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water (calculated); Units: unitless; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: programmable underwater collector (PUC) and moored CTD; Sampling and Analyzing Method: pCO2: Calculated from measured DIC and TA from PUC water samples, and from temperature, salinity and pressure from the CTD (pressure from the ADCP was used in 2016)..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: ARAGONITE SATURATION STATE (calculated); Units: unitless; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: programmable underwater collector (PUC) and moored CTD; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calculated from measured DIC and TA from PUC water samples, and from temperature, salinity and pressure from the CTD (pressure from the ADCP was used in 2016)..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: pH (measured); Units: unitless; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: pH sensors; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The SeaFET pH measures in-situ pH using a solid state ISFET sensor with an AgCl external reference electrode. The electrode is conditioned in running seawater up to a week prior to deployment and stored in artificial seawater between deployments. pH data are collected in bursts of 30 measurements every 2 or 5 minutes. The SeaFET is co-deployed with a CTD. The SeaFET derives pH from both internal and external potentiometric cells, but only external pH is reported.; Data Quality Method: Temperature and salinity values from the CTD time series are used to correct the raw pH time series. SeaFET pH values are compared to pH values calculated from discrete TA and DIC samples collected at the same time and location..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: CURRENT SPEED (calculated); Units: meters per second; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: ADCP; Sampling and Analyzing Method: ADCP measurements were collected at 2- or 10-minute intervals and binned by height above the sensor. Each height bin is represented in the data set as the upper limit of the bin height above the sensor on the seafloor (e.g., a 1.4 m bin represents current data collected between 0.4 m and 1.4 m above the ADCP). ADCP data include a blanking region, or a small distance in front of the transducer in which measurements cannot be made, of 0.2-0.4 m. Current data were typically grouped into 1-m height bins, but smaller bin sizes (0.25 - 0.5m) were used for shallower deployments. Raw data downloaded from the ADCP are processed in R using the oce package. XYZ coordinate data are converted to ENU (east-north-up) coordinate system. Current speed is calculated as the square root of the sum of the squared u and v velocities and direction as the arctan(v/u).; Data Quality Method: Data are trimmed to a maximum height bin for each time step using pressure data to remove above-water signal. As a result, NULL values may exist for larger height bins above the surface of the water due to waves and tides..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: CURRENT DIRECTION (measured); Units: degree; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: ADCP; Sampling and Analyzing Method: ADCP measurements were collected at 2- or 10-minute intervals and binned by height above the sensor. Each height bin is represented in the data set as the upper limit of the bin height above the sensor on the seafloor (e.g., a 1.4 m bin represents current data collected between 0.4 m and 1.4 m above the ADCP). ADCP data include a blanking region, or a small distance in front of the transducer in which measurements cannot be made, of 0.2-0.4 m. Current data were typically grouped into 1-m height bins, but smaller bin sizes (0.25 - 0.5m) were used for shallower deployments. Raw data downloaded from the ADCP are processed in R using the oce package. XYZ coordinate data are converted to ENU (east-north-up) coordinate system.; Data Quality Method: Data are trimmed to a maximum height bin for each time step using pressure data to remove above-water signal. As a result, NULL values may exist for larger height bins above the surface of the water due to waves and tides..
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: ADCP
type: ADCP
description: Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler The Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measures currents beneath a ship while underway. Sound signals sent from the moving ship bounce back to receivers aboard the ship. This provides a profile of water movement relative to the ship-precise modern navigation, allowing the ship's motion to be subtracted from the data. These devices are also used on moorings and profilers and, along with acoustic backscattering, measure animal biomass. Particles in the path of the sound waves, mostly plankton, reflect a small part of the sound energy back toward receivers, allowing researchers to make remote estimates of the sizes and numbers of animals present in the water column. Before the 1970's, the most technologically advanced instrument used to measure water velocity was known as a Doppler speed log. This evolved into the first commercial ADCP, produced in the mid-1970's, which used averaging. Later in the 1970's, the first vessel-mounted ADCP was developed to measure water velocity more accurately and to allow measurement in range cells over a depth profile. As instruments evolved, so did new techniques in Doppler signal processing. Initially, Doppler speed logs used simple analog signal processing methods, which are still used in some commercial speed logs today. However, the first ADCPs incorporated analog-to-digital signal conversion over a narrow communication bandwidth. Around 1990, this technique was developed into broadband signal processing. Since then, broadband ADCPs have been able to generate very accurate, real-time velocity measurements.
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code: coulometer for DIC measurement
type: coulometer for DIC measurement
description: measures dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) A known amount of seawater is dispensed into a stripping chamber where it is acidified and purged with an inert gas. The amount of CO2 in the resulting gas stream is determined by absorbing the CO2 in an absorbent. The pH of the solution is monitored by measuring the transmittance .
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code: CTD - moored CTD
type: CTD - moored CTD
description: CTD - moored CTD
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: oxygen sensor
type: oxygen sensor
description: Any instrument that measures oxygen content in a compound.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: pH sensor
type: pH sensor
description: generic meter used to measure pH Any of a class of instruments used to quantify pH in a water or other type of sample.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: temperature sensor
type: temperature sensor
description: A sensor used to measure temperature.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: titrator
type: titrator
description: titrator
platform: (MI_Platform)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai
description: Title: NOAA Ship Flag: United States of America Vessel Type: Research Vessel DOB: Nov 1984 IMO: 8835619 Hull No: R 334 Former Name: Vindicator (2004) Commissioned by NOAA in 2002 Submitted to ICES on 2012-12-13.
instrument: (missing)
