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Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2021 (SOCATv2021) (NCEI Accession 0235360)


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      DateTime:  2024-06-10T13:18:30Z
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        citation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2021 (SOCATv2021) (NCEI Accession 0235360)
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                date:  2021-06-03
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                date:  2023-09-20
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                  Anchor:  DOI 10.25921/yg69-jd96
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/622 University of East Anglia; School of Environmental Sciences
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/5019 Dorothee C. E. Bakker
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/717 University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS)
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        abstract:  This dataset consists of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Version 2021 (SOCATv2021) data product files. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) documents the increase in surface ocean CO2 (carbon dioxide), a critical measure as the oceans are taking up one quarter of the global CO2 emissions from human activity. SOCAT version 2021 has 30.6 million quality-controlled surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of CO2) observations with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a WOCE flag of 2 (good) from 1957 to 2020 for the global oceans and coastal seas. In addition, 2.1 million values with an estimated accuracy of 5 to 10 μatm are available. During quality control, marine scientists assign a flag to each data set, as well as WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2 values. Data sets are assigned flags of A and B for an estimated accuracy of better than 2 μatm, flags of C and D for an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a flag of E for an accuracy of better than 10 μatm. Bakker et al. (2016) describe the quality control criteria used in SOCAT versions 3 to 2021. Quality control comments for individual data sets can be accessed via the SOCAT Data Set Viewer (www.socat.info). All data sets, where data quality has been deemed acceptable, have been made public. The main SOCAT synthesis files and the gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Access to data sets with an estimated accuracy of 5 to 10 (flag of E) and fCO2 values with flags of 3 and 4 is via additional data products and the Data Set Viewer (Table 8 in Bakker et al., 2016). SOCAT publishes a global gridded product with a 1° longitude by 1° latitude resolution. A second product with a higher resolution of 0.25° longitude by 0.25° latitude is available for the coastal seas. The gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Gridded products are available monthly, per year and per decade. Two powerful, interactive, online viewers, the Data Set Viewer and the Gridded Data Viewer (www.socat.info), enable investigation of the SOCAT synthesis and gridded data products. SOCAT data products can be downloaded. Matlab code is available for reading these files. Ocean Data View also provides access to the SOCAT data products (www.socat.info). SOCAT data products are discoverable, accessible and citable. The SOCAT Data Use Statement asks users to generously acknowledge the contribution of SOCAT scientists by invitation to co-authorship, especially for data providers in regional studies, and/or reference to relevant scientific articles. The SOCAT website (www.socat.info) provides a single access point for online viewers, downloadable data sets, the Data Use Statement, a list of contributors and an overview of scientific publications on and using SOCAT. Automation of data upload and initial data checks allows annual releases of SOCAT from version 4 onwards. SOCAT-based data products are used for quantification of the ocean carbon sink, to estimate ocean acidification, for evaluation of biogeochemical sensor data and to evaluate climate models (CMIP). Since 2013 SOCAT products inform the annual Global Carbon Budget. The annual SOCAT releases are made by the SOCAT scientific community as a Voluntary Commitment for United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14.3 (Reduce Ocean Acidification) (#OceanAction20464). More broadly the SOCAT releases contribute to UN SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and to the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. Hundreds of peer-reviewed scientific publications and high-impact reports cite SOCAT. The SOCAT community-led synthesis product is a key step in the value chain based on in situ inorganic carbon measurements of the oceans, which provides policy makers with essential information on ocean CO2 uptake in climate negotiations. The global need for accurate knowledge of ocean CO2 uptake and its variation (including ocean acidification) makes sustained funding for in situ surface ocean CO2 observations imperative.
        purpose:  To provide the synthesis and gridded, quality controlled, observational products of surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) for the global oceans and coastal seas
        credit:  Funding Information: Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division of NOAA's Climate Program Office, EU, NSF, Japan Climate Research Programs (Surface Water pCO2 measurements from ships; High-Resolution Ocean and Atmosphere pCO2 Time-Series Measurements)
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                    individualName:  Ward, Brian
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) author
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                    individualName:
                      Anchor:  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-8147 Watson, Andrew J.
                    organisationName:
                      Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1785 University of Exeter
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
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                            linkage: http://www.exeter.ac.uk/
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                            name:  University of Exeter website
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                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    individualName:  Xu, Suqing
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) author
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                    organisationName:  Copernicus GmbH
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                series:  (CI_Series)
                    name:  Earth Syst. Sci. Data
                    issueIdentification:  8(2)
                otherCitationDetails:  ISSN 1866-3516, pp. 383-413
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                title:  SOCAT
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                            linkage: https://www.socat.info/
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                title:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system
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                    date:  2022-04
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                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
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                            linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system
                            protocol:  HTTPS
                            name: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system
                            description:  OCADS website
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    role: (unknown)
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:
                      Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) author
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                    organisationName:
                      Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 US DOC; NOAA; NESDIS; National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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                otherCitationDetails:  [accessed 2024-02-08]
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                    endPosition:  2021-01-05
        supplementalInformation: (missing)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                        voice:  +1-301-713-3277
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        electronicMailAddress:  NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
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                fees:  In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
                orderingInstructions:  Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
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                    linkage: https://doi.org/10.25921/yg69-jd96
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                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/235360
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                    description:  These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0235360 v1.1 was published.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2021-06-03T23:10:43Z
                output:  (LE_Source)
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                        title:  NCEI Accession 0235360 v1.1
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                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0235360 v1.1
                                    description:  published 2021-06-03T23:10:43Z
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0235360 was revised and v2.2 was published.
                rationale:  Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2023-09-20T01:09:21Z
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                        title:  NCEI Accession 0235360 v2.2
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                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0235360/2.2
                                    protocol:  HTTPS
                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0235360 v2.2
                                    description:  published 2023-09-20T01:09:21Z
                                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                            role: (inapplicable)
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            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
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                description:  Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: fCO2; Unit: uatm; Observation type: Surface underway; Measured or calculated: fCO2 recomputed from the raw data; Equilibrator type:; Equilibrator volume:; How was pressure inside the equilibrator measured:; SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: Accuracy: better than 5 uatm; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Researcher name: SOCAT Team.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Salinity; Abbreviation: SSS; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT team.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Temperature; Abbreviation: SST; Unit: Deg. C; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT Team.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Atmospheric Pressure; Abbreviation: ATM_PPRE; Unit: DBAR; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT Team.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Pressure at Equilibrator; Abbreviation: EQ_PRE; Unit: DBAR; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT Team.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Water Temperature at Equilibrator; Abbreviation: EQ_TMP; Unit: Deg. C; Observation type: measured, data synthesis; Researcher name: SOCAT Team .
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        maintenanceNote:  NCEI Accession 0235360 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  barometric pressure sensor
            type:  barometric pressure sensor
            description:  instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement
            type:  bubble type equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement
            description:  This type of equilibrators are often used on buoys. Developed by Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, the h-shaped bubble equilibrator does not require a water pump to spray water from the top. see Takahashi 1961 for more information.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            type:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            description:  measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  salinometer
            type:  salinometer
            description:  generic salinometer use salinometer when the instrument type used is unclear but the data include salinity measurements
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  showerhead equilibrator
            type:  showerhead equilibrator
            description:  extracts dissolved CO2 from water A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  temperature sensor
            type:  temperature sensor
            description:  A sensor used to measure temperature.
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS
            description:  VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS
            instrument: (missing)