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National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Calcification Rates of Crustose Coralline Algae Derived from Calcification Accretion Units (CAUs) Deployed across the Pacific Remote Island Areas in 2012 or 2015 and Retrieved in 2018 (NCEI Accession 0231439)


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            title:  National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Calcification Rates of Crustose Coralline Algae Derived from Calcification Accretion Units (CAUs) Deployed across the Pacific Remote Island Areas in 2012 or 2015 and Retrieved in 2018 (NCEI Accession 0231439)
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        abstract:  The calcification rate data described here are derived from Calcification Accretion Units (CAUs) that were deployed and retrieved at long-term climate monitoring sites during NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) led National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) missions in American Samoa in 2015 and 2018. CAUs are PVC settlement plates that facilitate the recruitment and colonization of crustose coralline algae, hard corals, and other reef calcifiers. Laboratory experiments show that CCA and coral calcification rates are strongly correlated with seawater chemistry, and shifts in carbonate chemistry conditions due to ocean acidification could lead to reduced calcification and accretion rates and ecological phase shifts in coral reef communities. Coral reef calcium carbonate accretion rates can be estimated by measuring the change in weight of the CAUs between deployment and retrieval. Monitoring net accretion over successive deployments allows for the detection of changes in reef calcification rates over time. Five units were deployed on the seafloor at each CAU site for 3 years. The number of processed CAUs for a site may be less than the number deployed, either because the units were lost or damaged at sea and therefore not recovered, or in rare instances, due to errors during laboratory processing. This study provides information about spatial and temporal patterns of reef carbonate calcification and accretion rates and serves as a basis for detecting changes associated with changing seawater chemistry due to ocean acidification. These data can also be used in comparative analyses across natural gradients, thereby assisting efforts to determine whether key reef-building taxa can acclimatize to changing oceanographic environments. These data will have immediate, direct impacts on predictions of reef resilience in a higher carbon dioxide (CO2) world and on the design of reef management strategies.
        purpose:  CAU data collected as part of NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) missions can be used to establish calcium carbonate accretion rate baselines and assess change in reef accretion rates due to ocean acidification and other environmental drivers. The NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) details a long-term, ecosystem-scale approach for assessing coral reef climate, fish, benthic, and socioeconomic variables in a consistent and integrated manner. NCRMP coordinates various NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) biological, physical, and human dimensions activities into a cohesive NOAA-wide effort. Through the implementation of NCRMP, NOAA is able to clearly and concisely communicate results of national-scale monitoring to national, state, and territorial policy makers, resource managers, and the public on a periodic basis. NCRMP provides a framework for conducting sustained observations of biological, climate, and socioeconomic indicators at 10 priority coral reefs across the U.S. and its territories. This integrated approach consolidates monitoring of coral reefs under a uniform method in the Pacific, Atlantic, Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico. NCRMP is funded by the CRCP and the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP), and supported by NOAA Fisheries, NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), NOAA Coral Reef Watch, and many other partners. The Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), Ecosystem Sciences Division (ESD) at NOAA Fisheries leads in-situ NCRMP climate monitoring in the U.S. Pacific Islands Region (formerly under the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program [RAMP]). The climate component of NCRMP in the Pacific provides a comprehensive view of climate change impacts on coral reef ecosystems and helps identify areas of resilience and vulnerability. The key indicators used to identify and monitor climate-driven trends include 1) thermal stress caused by changes in sea temperature, 2) ocean acidification resulting from changes in carbonate chemistry, and 3) associated ecological impacts on carbonate accretion rates, erosion, and benthic community structure. ESD scientists work closely with CRCP and partners during annual Pacific NCRMP missions to deploy oceanographic (subsurface temperature recorders) and ecological (calcification accretion units [CAUs] and bioerosion monitoring units [BMUs]) instruments at fixed sites in the Pacific Ocean and conduct CTD casts and water sampling to evaluate coral reef environments. The in-situ data and satellite-based observations are also used in modeling efforts. Innovative analysis techniques are used to develop products that provide scientists, managers, decision makers and the public a better understanding of a region's resources and how they are changing over time.
        credit:  Related Funding Agency: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program
        credit:  Related Funding Agency: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
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            keyword:  COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Jarvis Island (00S160W0001)
            keyword:  COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001)
            keyword:  COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001)
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                title:  Diel Variability in Seawater pH Relates to Calcification and Benthic Community Structure on Coral Reefs
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                    individualName:  Price, Nichole N.
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                    beginPosition:  2012-05-03
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0231439 v1.1 was published.
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                  DateTime:  2021-05-25T18:56:10Z
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                description:  Parameter or Variable: CALCIFICATION (measured); Units: gram/centimeter/year; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: calcification accretion unit (CAU); Sampling and Analyzing Method: Assembled calcification accretion units (CAUs) are attached to the benthos using stainless steel threaded rods. Five CAUs are deployed in roughly 15m depths at permanent monitoring sites established by the NOAA Fisheries, Ecosystem Sciences Division. Calcareous organisms, primarily crustose coralline algae and encrusting corals, recruit to these CAUs and accrete/calcify carbonate skeletons over 3 to 6 year deployments. Once recovered from the seafloor, the CAUs are processed to provide estimates of net calcification. CAUs have been deployed and replaced at existing, long-term monitoring sites during National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) cruises, in accordance with protocols developed by Price et al. 2012.; Data Quality Method: Prior to processing the calcification accretion unit (CAU) samples, laboratory analysts are trained to properly use relevant lab equipment (analytical balance, vacuum filtration pump, etc.) and are familiarized with the data entry tool/spreadsheet. Laboratory analysts are also required to go through the CAU Processing Standard Operating Procedure and other training materials..
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                code:  NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai
            description:  Title: NOAA Ship Flag: United States of America Vessel Type: Research Vessel DOB: Nov 1984 IMO: 8835619 Hull No: R 334 Former Name: Vindicator (2004) Commissioned by NOAA in 2002 Submitted to ICES on 2012-12-13.
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