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Discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale and other hydrographic and chemical parameters obtained during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer Repeat Hydrography and SOCCOM Cruise NBP18_02 in the Pacific Sector of Southern Ocean: GO-SHIP Section S04P (EXPOCODE 320620180309), from 2018-03-09 to 2018-05-14 (NCEI Accession 0225497)


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            title:  Discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH on total scale and other hydrographic and chemical parameters obtained during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer Repeat Hydrography and SOCCOM Cruise NBP18_02 in the Pacific Sector of Southern Ocean: GO-SHIP Section S04P (EXPOCODE 320620180309), from 2018-03-09 to 2018-05-14 (NCEI Accession 0225497)
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        abstract:  This dataset includes discrete profile measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH (on total scale), water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, silicate, phosphate, chlorofluorocarbons and other chemical measurements during the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer Repeat Hydrography and SOCCOM Cruise NBP18_02 in the Pacific Sector of Southern Ocean: GO-SHIP Section S04P (EXPOCODE 320620180309), from 2018-03-09 - 2018-05-14. The Pacific Ocean S04P repeat hydrographic line was reoccupied for the US Global Ocean Carbon and Repeat Hydrography Program. The survey of S04P 2018 consisted of CTDO, rosette, LADCP, UVP, water samples and underway measurements. The ship departed from the port of Hobart on the island of Tasmania, Australia and completed the cruise in the port of Punta Arenas, Chile.
        purpose:  This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis.
        credit:  Funding Information: NOAA, NSF (GO-SHIP Program)
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/493 CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11)
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              Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/373 WATER TEMPERATURE
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                            linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/RepeatSections/clivar_S04P.html
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                    organisationName:
                      Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 US DOC; NOAA; NESDIS; National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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            aggregateDataSetName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2022-04
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
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                    positionName: (unknown)
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system
                            protocol:  HTTPS
                            name: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system
                            description:  OCADS website
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    role: (unknown)
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:
                      Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) author
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:
                      Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 US DOC; NOAA; NESDIS; National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) publisher
                presentationForm:  (CI_PresentationFormCode) documentDigital
                otherCitationDetails:  [accessed 2024-02-08]
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        language:
          LanguageCode:  eng; USA
        characterSet:  (MD_CharacterSetCode) utf8
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) environment
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) oceans
        extent:  (EX_Extent)
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                westBoundLongitude:  159.15
                eastBoundLongitude:  -73.5
                southBoundLatitude:  -75.29
                northBoundLatitude:  59.62
            temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                extent:
                  TimePeriod:
                    beginPosition:  2018-03-09
                    endPosition:  2018-05-14
        supplementalInformation:  In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number.
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    distributionInfo:  (MD_Distribution)
        distributor:  (MD_Distributor)
            distributorContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName:
                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                        voice:  +1-301-713-3277
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        electronicMailAddress:  NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact
            distributionOrderProcess:  (MD_StandardOrderProcess)
                fees:  In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
                orderingInstructions:  Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
            distributorFormat:  (MD_Format)
                name:  Originator data format
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                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0225497.html
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                    applicationProfile:  Web browser
                    name:  Project Metadata
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                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
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                    linkage: https://doi.org/10.25921/8arx-2058
                    protocol:  HTTPS
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                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/225497
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                    name:  Descriptive Information
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                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
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                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/225497
                    protocol:  HTTPS
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                    description:  Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0169/0225497/
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                    applicationProfile:  Any FTP client
                    name:  FTP
                    description:  These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0225497 v1.1 was published.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2021-02-19T07:36:37Z
                output:  (LE_Source)
                    sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NCEI Accession 0225497 v1.1
                        date:  (CI_Date)
                            date: (inapplicable)
                            dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                        citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                            individualName: (inapplicable)
                            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0225497/1.1
                                    protocol:  HTTPS
                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0225497 v1.1
                                    description:  published 2021-02-19T07:36:37Z
                                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                            role: (inapplicable)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  NCEI Accession 0225497 was revised and v2.2 was published.
                rationale:  Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2021-03-18T23:12:22Z
                output:  (LE_Source)
                    sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NCEI Accession 0225497 v2.2
                        date:  (CI_Date)
                            date: (inapplicable)
                            dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
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                            individualName: (inapplicable)
                            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0225497/2.2
                                    protocol:  HTTPS
                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0225497 v2.2
                                    description:  published 2021-03-18T23:12:22Z
                                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                            role: (inapplicable)
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: TCARBN; Unit: UMOL/KG; Observation type: discrete; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin Bottles; Analyzing instrument: SOMMA; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: DIC analysis was performed via coulometry using two analytical systems (PMEL1 and PMEL2) simultaneously on the cruise. Each system consisted of a coulometer (CM5015-O UIC Inc) coupled with a Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Extractor (DICE). The DICE system was developed by Esa Peltola and Denis Pierrot of NOAA/AOML and Dana Greeley of NOAA/PMEL to modernize a carbon extractor called SOMMA (Johnson et al. 1985, 1987, 1993, and 1999; Johnson 1992). In coulometric analysis of DIC, all carbonate species are converted to CO2 (gas) by addition of excess hydrogen ion (acid) to the seawater sample, and the evolved CO2 gas is swept into the titration cell of the coulometer with pure air or compressed nitrogen, where it reacts quantitatively with a proprietary reagent based on ethanolamine to generate hydrogen ions. In this process, the solution changes from blue to colorless, triggering a current through the cell and causing coulometrical generation of OH- ions at the anode. The OH- ions react with the H+, and the solution turns blue again. A beam of light is shone through the solution, and a photometric detector at the opposite side of the cell senses the change in transmission. Once the percent transmission reaches its original value, the coulometric titration is stopped, and the amount of CO2 that enters the cell is determined by integrating the total change during the titration.; Replicate information: Duplicate samples from the same niskin were measured near the beginning; middle and end of each cell.; CRM batch number: 172: Certified Value = 2039.06 μmol/kg; Preservation method: 0.12 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation; Uncertainty: The precision of the two DICE systems can be demonstrated via the replicate samples. Approximately 11.5% of the niskins sampled were duplicates taken as a check of our precision. These replicate samples were interspersed throughout the station analysis for quality assurance and integrity of the coulometer cell solutions. The average absolute difference from the mean of these replicates is 0.67 μmol/kg - no major systematic differences between the replicates were observed.; Method reference: Johnson et al. 1985, 1987, 1993, and 1999; Johnson 1992; Researcher name: Rik Wanninkhof, Richard Feely; Researcher institution: NOAA/AOML; NOAA/PMEL.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: ALKALI; Unit: UMOL/KG; Observation type: discrete; Measured or calculated: Measured; Type of titration: two-stage open cell acidimetric, potentiometric; Cell type (open or closed): open cell titration; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Seawater samples are analyzed using an open cell two-stage titration procedure using two 250 mL jacketed cells. One sample is undergoing titration while the second is being prepared and equilibrating to 20°C for analysis. The sample of seawater is first acidified to a pH between 3.4 and 4.0 with a single aliquot of standardized hydrochloric acid (~0.1 mol kg-1 HCl in ~0.6 mol kg-1 NaCl solution). The sample is then stirred for five minutes while air is bubbled into the sample at a rate of 200 scc/m to remove any liberated carbon dioxide gas. A Metrohm 876 Dosimat Plus is used for all standardized hydrochloric acid additions. After the five-minute period, the titration is continued until a pH of about 3.0 has been reached. The progress of the titration is monitored using a pH glass electrode/reference electrode cell, and the total alkalinity is computed from the titrant volume and e.m.f. measurements using a non-linear least-squares approach [Dickson2007]. An Agilent 34970A Data Acquisition/Switch Unit with a 34901A multiplexer is used to read the voltage measurements from the electrode and monitor the temperatures from the sample, acid, and room. The calculations for this procedure are performed automatically using LabVIEW 2012.; CRM manufacturer: Dickson laboratory Certified Reference Material (CRM); CRM batch number: Batch 172: 2217.40 ± 0.7 𝜇mol/kg; TA blank correction: N/A; Method reference: Dickson, Andrew G., Chris Sabine and James R. Christian, editors, "Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements", Pices Special Publication 3, IOCCP Report No. 8, October 2007, SOP 3b, "Determination of total alkalinity in sea water using an open-cell titration"; Researcher name: Andrew Dickson; Researcher institution: SIO.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: PH_TOT; pH scale: total hydrogen ion concentration scale (mol/kg-sw); Observation type: discrete; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Niskin Bottles; Temperature of pH measurement: 25 °C; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: pH was measured spectrophotometrically on the total hydrogen scale using an Agilent 8453 spectrophotometer and in accordance with the methods outlined by Carter et al., 2013. [Carter2013]. A Kloehn V6 syringe pump was used to autonomously fill, mix, and dispense sample through the custom 10cm flow-through jacketed cell. A Thermo NESLAB RTE-7 recirculating water bath was used to maintain the cell temperature at 25.0°C during analyses, and a YSI 4600 precision thermometer and probe were used to monitor and record the temperature of each sample immediately after the spectrophotometric measurements were taken. The indicator meta-cresol purple (mCP) was used to measure the absorbance of light measured at two different wavelengths (434 nm, 578 nm) corresponding to the maximum absorbance peaks for the acidic and basic forms of the indicator dye. A baseline absorbance (Abase) was also measured and subtracted from these wavelengths. The baseline absorbance was determined by averaging the absorbances from 725-735nm. The ratio of the absorbances was then used to calculate pH on the total scale using the equations outlined in Liu et al., 2011 [Liu2011]. The salinity data used was obtained from the conductivity sensor on the CTD. The salinity data was later corroborated by shipboard measurements.; Researcher name: Andrew Dickson; Researcher institution: SIO.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: PH_TMP; Abbreviation: PH_TMP; Unit: DEG_C; Controlled vocabulary name: pH; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CTDTMP; Abbreviation: CTDTMP; Unit: DEG_C; Controlled vocabulary name: WATER TEMPERATURE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CTDSAL; Abbreviation: CTDSAL; Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: SALNTY; Abbreviation: SALNTY; Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CTDOXY; Abbreviation: CTDOXY; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED OXYGEN; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: OXYGEN; Abbreviation: OXYGEN; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED OXYGEN; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: SILCAT; Abbreviation: SILCAT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: silicate; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: NITRAT; Abbreviation: NITRAT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: NITRATE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: NITRIT; Abbreviation: NITRIT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: NITRITE; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: PHSPHT; Abbreviation: PHSPHT; Unit: UMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: phosphate; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CFC-11; Abbreviation: CFC-11; Unit: PMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CFC-12; Abbreviation: CFC-12; Unit: PMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-12 (CFC-12); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: SF6; Abbreviation: SF6; Unit: FMOL/KG; Controlled vocabulary name: Sulfur Hexaflouride (SF6); In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Organic Carbon; Abbreviation: DOC; Unit: UMOL/KG; Observation type: Discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Total Dissolved Nitrogen; Abbreviation: TDN; Unit: UMOL/KG; Observation type: Discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Delta C14; Abbreviation: DELC14; Unit: /MILLE; Observation type: Discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Delta C14; Abbreviation: DELC14; Unit: /MILLE; Observation type: Discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Delta C13; Abbreviation: DELC13; Unit: /MILLE; Observation type: Discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: CHLORA; Abbreviation: CHLORA; Unit: UG/KG; Observation type: Discrete; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ .
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        maintenanceNote:  NCEI Accession 0225497 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            type:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            description:  measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  CTD
            type:  CTD
            description:  Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  Niskin bottle
            type:  Niskin bottle
            description:  Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle?
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  pH sensor
            type:  pH sensor
            description:  generic meter used to measure pH Any of a class of instruments used to quantify pH in a water or other type of sample.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  salinometer
            type:  salinometer
            description:  generic salinometer use salinometer when the instrument type used is unclear but the data include salinity measurements
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  temperature probe
            type:  temperature probe
            description:  For example, OMEGA temperature probe PR-11-2-100-1/8-6-e Vaisala HUMICAP® Humidity and Temperature Probe HMP155
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  titrator
            type:  titrator
            description:  titrator
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  RV Nathaniel B. Palmer
            description:  Updated information from ICES for the vessel NATHANIEL B. PALMER from UNITED STATES. Use 3206 for all data attributed to the vessel NATHANIEL B. PALMER from UNITED STATES. This platform has a current Call Sign = WPB3210 and two previous call signs, related to owner/company name changes since 1992. Previous call signs for NATHANIEL B. PALMER are: KUS1475 (1992 - ca. 1996) WCE9345 (ca. 1996 - mid-2006) WBP3210 (mid-2006 to present) Name : NATHANIEL B. PALMER Flag : UNITED STATES - US (ISO Country Code) Call Sign : WBP3210 Title : RV Platform Class : 31 Research vessel IMO : 9007257 Commissioned Date : 1992 Current Length : 86 Built : 1992-03 Notes : Data also found under previous call sign KUS1475 Lloyds URL : http://www.seasearcher.com/lmiu/vessels/overview.htm?vesselID=241527 Confirmed by NOAA on 2013-11-19.
            instrument: (missing)