Denitrification Capacity of a Natural and a Restored Marsh in the Northern Gulf of Mexico from 2014-02-27 to 2015-02-26 (NCEI Accession 0223379)
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title: Denitrification Capacity of a Natural and a Restored Marsh in the Northern Gulf of Mexico from 2014-02-27 to 2015-02-26 (NCEI Accession 0223379)
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abstract: This dataset includes denitrification rates across a typical northern Gulf of Mexico salt marsh landscape that included a natural marsh, a tidal creek, and a 21-year-old restored salt marsh. Denitrification capacity, measured with the isotope pairing technique on a membrane inlet mass spectrometer, was comparable across the sites despite significant differences in above and below ground characteristics. Total extractable ammonium concentrations and sediment carbon content were higher at the natural marsh compared to the restored marsh. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations were highest at the creek compared to the vegetated sites and lowest at the restored marsh. This suggests that marsh restoration projects reestablish nitrogen removal capacity at rates similar to those in natural systems and can help to significantly reduce nitrogen loads to the coastal ocean.
purpose: This dataset on denitrification rates in restored and a nearby natural marsh are used to demonstrate that restored marshes can achieve nitrogen removal capacity that is similar to that natural marshes. This is despite some differences with the lower carbon content and total extractable ammonium and porewater phosphate, and nitrate and hydrogen sulfide concentrations compared to the natural marsh. While not all ecosystem attributes recover at the same rate following restoration, functions like nitrogen removal appear to recover and help with removing nitrogen that would otherwise be exported to nearby coastal waters.
credit: Related Funding Agency: National Science Foundation
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title: Kleinhuizen, A. A., & Mortazavi, B. (2018). Denitrification Capacity of a Natural and a Restored Marsh in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Environmental Management, 62(3), 584–594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-018-1057-y
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supplementalInformation: Additional sampling and analyzing information from submitter: The marsh platform elevations were measured at the beginning of the study with a Trimble NetRS GPS receiver and are reported relative to the NAV 83 (conus) datum, region 16N. In June 2014 triplicate cores to a depth of 10 cm were collected. Dried sediments were ground with a mortar and pestle and percent carbon and nitrogen contents of the sediments were measured on a Carlo Erba elemental analyzer. In June 2014 triplicate cores to a depth of 10 cm were collected. Dried sediments were ground with a mortar and pestle and percent carbon and nitrogen contents of the sediments were measured on a Carlo Erba elemental analyzer. Five cores (9.5 cm, 24 cm Height) were collected bimonthly during low tide at each site to a depth of 20 cm. Cores tubes were pushed into the marsh soil within patches of J. roemerianus at the natural and restored marsh sites within 5 cm of the vegetation base taking care not to include aboveground vegetation in the core. Belowground biomass was removed from each core by rinsing the cores and drying the material retained on a 2 mm sieve to dry weight at 60 degrees Celsius. At the natural marsh, aboveground vegetation was harvested bimonthly (n = 3) by placing 0.25 m2 quadrants over a patch of J. roemerianus and collecting the vegetation. Stems were dried at 60°C to a constant weight and aboveground mass per area was determined. Because the restored marsh is part of a public education and outreach center, vegetation could not be harvested frequently. Therefore, stems of J. roemerianus at the restored site were harvested at one time and individual stem heights were measured and dry weights recorded. A height versus mass vegetation regression was fit to this log transformed data (y = 1.33 × −2.48, R2 = 0.94) and used to estimate above- ground biomass from stem densities and heights in 0.25 m2 quadrats during bimonthly surveys (n = 3). Sediment Chl-α content was determined for samples collected in triplicate with a cut off syringe (I.D. 1.3 cm) to a depth of 1 cm. Sediments were freeze dried and extracted for 24 h in 90% acetone. Concentrations were determined fluorometrically and normalized per gram dry sediment. Porewaters from a depth of 10 cm were collected approximately biweekly during high tide from each sipper and along with triplicate surface water samples were glass fiber filtered (GF/F, 0.7 μm pore size) and nalyzed for dissolved inorganic nutrients. Nitrate, nitrite. Ammonium, and phosphate were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. Triplicate cores (2.6 cm ID) from the top 10 cm of sediments were collected biweekly at each site for analysis of total sediment extractable NH4 . One gram of homogenized sediments was weighed into 50 mL centrifuge tubes and extracted for 10 h with 10 mL of 1 M NaCl (Smith and Caffrey 2009) on a shaker table at 60 rpm. Samples were then centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was GF/F filtered and frozen prior to analyses as previously described. Triplicate cores (2.6 cm ID) from the top 10 cm of sediments were collected biweekly at each site for analysis of total sediment extractable NH4 . One gram of homogenized sediments was weighed into 50 mL centrifuge tubes and extracted for 10 h with 10 mL of 1 M NaCl (Smith and Caffrey 2009) on a shaker table at 60 rpm. Samples were then centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was GF/F filtered and frozen prior to analyses as previously described. The five bimonthly cores were capped underwater avoiding air bubbles and inflow and outflow tubing was connected to each core. Filtered site water (GF/F) spiked with sodium 15N-nitrate to a final concentration of 50 μM flowed through each core for 24 hr with a peristaltic pump at a rate of 2.5 mL per minute. Each core contained a magnetic stir bar suspended from the caps that stirred the overlying water. Water samples for NH4 Flux, NO3 Flux, and PO4 Flux were collected after 24 hours. Water samples were filtered through GF/F and frozen. NH4 and PO4 concentrations were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. NO3 concentrations were determined with a combination of VCl3 reduction as described in Schnetger B, Lehners C (2014). At the same time as nutrient flux samples, triplicate samples from the inflow and outflow line of each core for analysis of nitrogen gas isotopes were collected in 12 mL Exetainers by overflowing the volume of the vial twice and then preserving the samples with 250 μL of 50% w/v ZnCl2. Samples were capped and stored underwater until analysis for nitrogen gas isotopes on a membrane inlet mass spectrometer. Submission Package ID: PMTKP3
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description: NCEI Accession 0223379 v1.1 was published.
dateTime:
DateTime: 2021-01-13T22:35:33Z
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title: NCEI Accession 0223379 v1.1
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linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0223379/1.1
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name: NCEI Accession 0223379 v1.1
description: published 2021-01-13T22:35:33Z
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dataQualityInfo: (DQ_DataQuality)
scope: (DQ_Scope)
level: (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
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processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Abiotic_date (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calendar date the sample was collected In mm/dd/yyyy format.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Abiotic_Site (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: CHN Analyzer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sampling site the sample was collected.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: temperature (measured); Units: Celsius; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: YSI 556 Multiparameter meter; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Water temperature in degrees Celsius.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: SALINITY (measured); Units: psu; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: YSI 556 Multiparameter meter; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Water salinity in PSU.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Site (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sampling site the sample was collected.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Replicate (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sample replicate.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Elevation (measured); Units: meters; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Elevation of the site measured in meters..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Carbon Content (measured); Units: Carbon content of the sediments as a %; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Trimble NetRS GPS; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The marsh platform elevations were measured at the beginning of the study with a Trimble NetRS GPS receiver and are reported relative to the NAV 83 (conus) datum, region 16N. In June 2014 triplicate cores to a depth of 10 cm were collected. Dried sediments were ground with a mortar and pestle and percent carbon and nitrogen contents of the sediments were measured on a Carlo Erba elemental analyzer..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: C:N (measured); Units: Molar Ratios of Carbon to Nitrogen; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Carlo Erba elemental analyzer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: In June 2014 triplicate cores to a depth of 10 cm were collected. Dried sediments were ground with a mortar and pestle and percent carbon and nitrogen contents of the sediments were measured on a Carlo Erba elemental analyzer..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Below_biomass_Date (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calendar date the sample was collected In M/D/YYYY format.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Below_biomass_site (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sampling site the sample was collected.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Below_biomass_Core (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Core replicate.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Below Biomass (measured); Units: Dried organic biomass belowground in experiment cores to a depth of 20 cm in kg m-2; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Cores tubes; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Five cores (9.5 cm, 24 cm Height) were collected bimonthly during low tide at each site to a depth of 20 cm. Cores tubes were pushed into the marsh soil within patches of J. roemerianus at the natural and restored marsh sites within 5 cm of the vegetation base taking care not to include aboveground vegetation in the core. Belowground biomass was removed from each core by rinsing the cores and drying the material retained on a 2 mm sieve to dry weight at 60 degrees Celsius..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Above_Biomass_Date (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calendar date the above biomass sample was collected In M/D/Y format.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Above_Biomass_Site (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sampling site the above biomass sample was collected.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Above_Biomass_Replicate (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Above biomass Sample replicate.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Above Biomass (calculated); Units: Dried organic biomass above ground in kg m-2; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: 0.25 m2 quadrat; Sampling and Analyzing Method: At the natural marsh, aboveground vegetation was harvested bimonthly (n = 3) by placing 0.25 m2 quadrants over a patch of J. roemerianus and collecting the vegetation. Stems were dried at 60°C to a constant weight and aboveground mass per area was determined. Because the restored marsh is part of a public education and outreach center, vegetation could not be harvested frequently. Therefore, stems of J. roemerianus at the restored site were harvested at one time and individual stem heights were measured and dry weights recorded. A height versus mass vegetation regression was fit to this log transformed data (y = 1.33 × −2.48, R2 = 0.94) and used to estimate above- ground biomass from stem densities and heights in 0.25 m2 quadrats during bimonthly surveys (n = 3)..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: chlorophyll_Date (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calendar date the chlorophyll sample was collected In M/D/Y format.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: chlorophyll_Site (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sampling site the chlorophyll sample was collected.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: chlorophyll_Replicate (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: chlorophyll sample replicate.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Chl-a Extracted (measured); Units: Chlorophyll concentrations extracted from sediments in mg m-2; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Cut off syringe corer (I.D. 1.3 cm); Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sediment Chl-α content was determined for samples collected in triplicate with a cut off syringe (I.D. 1.3 cm) to a depth of 1 cm. Sediments were freeze dried and extracted for 24 h in 90% acetone. Concentrations were determined fluorometrically and normalized per gram dry sediment..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: nutrients_Date (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Calendar date the nutrients sample was collected In M/D/Y format.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: nutrients_Site (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sampling site the nutrients sample was collected.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: nutrients_Replicate (measured); Units: NA; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: NA; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Nutrients sample replicate.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: SW NOx (measured); Units: Concentration of Nitrate plus Nitrite in the surface water in µM; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Porewaters from a depth of 10 cm were collected approximately biweekly during high tide from each sipper and along with triplicate surface water samples were glass fiber filtered (GF/F, 0.7 μm pore size) and nalyzed for dissolved inorganic nutrients. Nitrate, nitrite. Ammonium, and phosphate were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. Triplicate cores (2.6 cm ID) from the top 10 cm of sediments were collected biweekly at each site for analysis of total sediment extractable NH4 . One gram of homogenized sediments was weighed into 50 mL centrifuge tubes and extracted for 10 h with 10 mL of 1 M NaCl (Smith and Caffrey 2009) on a shaker table at 60 rpm. Samples were then centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was GF/F filtered and frozen prior to analyses as previously described..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: SW NO2 (measured); Units: Concentration of Nitrite in the surface water in µM; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Porewaters from a depth of 10 cm were collected approximately biweekly during high tide from each sipper and along with triplicate surface water samples were glass fiber filtered (GF/F, 0.7 μm pore size) and analyzed for dissolved inorganic nutrients. Nitrate, nitrite. Ammonium, and phosphate were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. Triplicate cores (2.6 cm ID) from the top 10 cm of sediments were collected biweekly at each site for analysis of total sediment extractable NH4 . One gram of homogenized sediments was weighed into 50 mL centrifuge tubes and extracted for 10 h with 10 mL of 1 M NaCl (Smith and Caffrey 2009) on a shaker table at 60 rpm. Samples were then centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was GF/F filtered and frozen prior to analyses as previously described..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: SW NO3 (measured); Units: Concentration of Nitrate in the surface water in µM; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Porewaters from a depth of 10 cm were collected approximately biweekly during high tide from each sipper and along with triplicate surface water samples were glass fiber filtered (GF/F, 0.7 μm pore size) and analyzed for dissolved inorganic nutrients. Nitrate, nitrite. Ammonium, and phosphate were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. Triplicate cores (2.6 cm ID) from the top 10 cm of sediments were collected biweekly at each site for analysis of total sediment extractable NH4 . One gram of homogenized sediments was weighed into 50 mL centrifuge tubes and extracted for 10 h with 10 mL of 1 M NaCl (Smith and Caffrey 2009) on a shaker table at 60 rpm. Samples were then centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was GF/F filtered and frozen prior to analyses as previously described..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: SW PO4 (measured); Units: Concentration of Phosphate in the surface water in µM; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Porewaters from a depth of 10 cm were collected approximately biweekly during high tide from each sipper and along with triplicate surface water samples were glass fiber filtered (GF/F, 0.7 μm pore size) and analyzed for dissolved inorganic nutrients. Nitrate, nitrite. Ammonium, and phosphate were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. Triplicate cores (2.6 cm ID) from the top 10 cm of sediments were collected biweekly at each site for analysis of total sediment extractable NH4 . One gram of homogenized sediments was weighed into 50 mL centrifuge tubes and extracted for 10 h with 10 mL of 1 M NaCl (Smith and Caffrey 2009) on a shaker table at 60 rpm. Samples were then centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was GF/F filtered and frozen prior to analyses as previously described..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: SW NH4 (measured); Units: Concentration of Ammonium in the surface water in µM; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Porewaters from a depth of 10 cm were collected approximately biweekly during high tide from each sipper and along with triplicate surface water samples were glass fiber filtered (GF/F, 0.7 μm pore size) and analyzed for dissolved inorganic nutrients. Nitrate, nitrite. Ammonium, and phosphate were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. Triplicate cores (2.6 cm ID) from the top 10 cm of sediments were collected biweekly at each site for analysis of total sediment extractable NH4 . One gram of homogenized sediments was weighed into 50 mL centrifuge tubes and extracted for 10 h with 10 mL of 1 M NaCl (Smith and Caffrey 2009) on a shaker table at 60 rpm. Samples were then centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was GF/F filtered and frozen prior to analyses as previously described..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: PW NOx (measured); Units: Concentration of Nitrate plus Nitrite in the pore water at 10 cm depth in µM; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Porewater sipper; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Porewaters from a depth of 10 cm were collected approximately biweekly during high tide from each sipper and along with triplicate surface water samples were glass fiber filtered (GF/F, 0.7 μm pore size) and analyzed for dissolved inorganic nutrients. Nitrate, nitrite. Ammonium, and phosphate were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. Triplicate cores (2.6 cm ID) from the top 10 cm of sediments were collected biweekly at each site for analysis of total sediment extractable NH4 . One gram of homogenized sediments was weighed into 50 mL centrifuge tubes and extracted for 10 h with 10 mL of 1 M NaCl (Smith and Caffrey 2009) on a shaker table at 60 rpm. Samples were then centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was GF/F filtered and frozen prior to analyses as previously described..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: PW NO2 (measured); Units: Concentration of Nitrite in the pore water at 10 cm depth in µM; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Porewater sipper; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Porewaters from a depth of 10 cm were collected approximately biweekly during high tide from each sipper and along with triplicate surface water samples were glass fiber filtered (GF/F, 0.7 μm pore size) and analyzed for dissolved inorganic nutrients. Nitrate, nitrite. Ammonium, and phosphate were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. Triplicate cores (2.6 cm ID) from the top 10 cm of sediments were collected biweekly at each site for analysis of total sediment extractable NH4 . One gram of homogenized sediments was weighed into 50 mL centrifuge tubes and extracted for 10 h with 10 mL of 1 M NaCl (Smith and Caffrey 2009) on a shaker table at 60 rpm. Samples were then centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was GF/F filtered and frozen prior to analyses as previously described..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: PW NO3 (measured); Units: Concentration of Nitrate in the pore water at 10 cm depth in µM; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Porewater sipper; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Porewaters from a depth of 10 cm were collected approximately biweekly during high tide from each sipper and along with triplicate surface water samples were glass fiber filtered (GF/F, 0.7 μm pore size) and analyzed for dissolved inorganic nutrients. Nitrate, nitrite. Ammonium, and phosphate were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. Triplicate cores (2.6 cm ID) from the top 10 cm of sediments were collected biweekly at each site for analysis of total sediment extractable NH4 . One gram of homogenized sediments was weighed into 50 mL centrifuge tubes and extracted for 10 h with 10 mL of 1 M NaCl (Smith and Caffrey 2009) on a shaker table at 60 rpm. Samples were then centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was GF/F filtered and frozen prior to analyses as previously described..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: PW NH4 (measured); Units: Concentration of Ammonium in the pore water at 10 cm depth in µM; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Porewater sipper; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Porewaters from a depth of 10 cm were collected approximately biweekly during high tide from each sipper and along with triplicate surface water samples were glass fiber filtered (GF/F, 0.7 μm pore size) and analyzed for dissolved inorganic nutrients. Nitrate, nitrite. Ammonium, and phosphate were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. Triplicate cores (2.6 cm ID) from the top 10 cm of sediments were collected biweekly at each site for analysis of total sediment extractable NH4 . One gram of homogenized sediments was weighed into 50 mL centrifuge tubes and extracted for 10 h with 10 mL of 1 M NaCl (Smith and Caffrey 2009) on a shaker table at 60 rpm. Samples were then centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was GF/F filtered and frozen prior to analyses as previously described..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: PW PO4 (measured); Units: Concentration of Phosphate in the pore water at 10 cm depth in µM; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Porewater sipper; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Porewaters from a depth of 10 cm were collected approximately biweekly during high tide from each sipper and along with triplicate surface water samples were glass fiber filtered (GF/F, 0.7 μm pore size) and analyzed for dissolved inorganic nutrients. Nitrate, nitrite. Ammonium, and phosphate were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. Triplicate cores (2.6 cm ID) from the top 10 cm of sediments were collected biweekly at each site for analysis of total sediment extractable NH4 . One gram of homogenized sediments was weighed into 50 mL centrifuge tubes and extracted for 10 h with 10 mL of 1 M NaCl (Smith and Caffrey 2009) on a shaker table at 60 rpm. Samples were then centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was GF/F filtered and frozen prior to analyses as previously described..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Sulfide (measured); Units: Concentration of Hydrogen Sulfide in the pore water at 10 cm depth in µM; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Porewaters from a depth of 10 cm were collected approximately biweekly during high tide from each sipper and along with triplicate surface water samples were glass fiber filtered (GF/F, 0.7 μm pore size) and analyzed for dissolved inorganic nutrients. Nitrate, nitrite. Ammonium, and phosphate were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. Triplicate cores (2.6 cm ID) from the top 10 cm of sediments were collected biweekly at each site for analysis of total sediment extractable NH4 . One gram of homogenized sediments was weighed into 50 mL centrifuge tubes and extracted for 10 h with 10 mL of 1 M NaCl (Smith and Caffrey 2009) on a shaker table at 60 rpm. Samples were then centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was GF/F filtered and frozen prior to analyses as previously described..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: NH4 Extracted (measured); Units: Ammonium concentration extracted from sediments in nmole g-1 dry sediment; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Triplicate cores (2.6 cm ID); Sampling and Analyzing Method: Triplicate cores (2.6 cm ID) from the top 10 cm of sediments were collected biweekly at each site for analysis of total sediment extractable NH4 . One gram of homogenized sediments was weighed into 50 mL centrifuge tubes and extracted for 10 h with 10 mL of 1 M NaCl (Smith and Caffrey 2009) on a shaker table at 60 rpm. Samples were then centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was GF/F filtered and frozen prior to analyses as previously described..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: fluxes_Date (measured); Units: N/A; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Calendar date the sample was collected In M/D/Y format.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: fluxes_Site (measured); Units: N/A; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Sampling site the sample was collected.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: fluxes_Core (measured); Units: N/A; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Core replicate.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: NH4 Flux (measured); Units: Ammonium flux rates measured in µmol N m-2 hr-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Five cores (9.5 cm, ID, 24 cm height) were collected bimonthly during low tide at each site to a depth of 20 cm. Cores tubes were pushed into the marsh soil within patches of J. roemerianus at the natural and restored marsh sites within 5 cm of the vegetation base taking care not to include aboveground vegetation in the core. Cores were then capped underwater avoiding air bubbles and inflow and outflow tubing was connected to each core. Filtered site water (GF/F) spiked with sodium 15N-nitrate to a final concentration of 50 μM flowed through each core for 24 hr with a peristaltic pump at a rate of 2.5 mL per minute. Each core contained a magnetic stir bar suspended from the caps that stirred the overlying water. Water samples for NH4 Flux, NO3 Flux, and PO4 Flux were collected after 24 hours. Water samples were filtered through GF/F and frozen. NH4 and PO4 concentrations were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. NO3 concentrations were determined with a combination of VCl3 reduction as described in Schnetger B, Lehners C (2014). At the same time as nutrient flux samples, triplicate samples from the inflow and outflow line of each core for analysis of nitrogen gas isotopes were collected in 12 mL Exetainers by overflowing the volume of the vial twice and then preserving the samples with 250 μL of 50% w/v ZnCl2. Samples were capped and stored underwater until analysis for nitrogen gas isotopes on a membrane inlet mass spectrometer..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: NO3 Flux (measured); Units: Nitrate flux rates measured in µmol N m-2 hr-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Five cores (9.5 cm, ID, 24 cm height) were collected bimonthly during low tide at each site to a depth of 20 cm. Cores tubes were pushed into the marsh soil within patches of J. roemerianus at the natural and restored marsh sites within 5 cm of the vegetation base taking care not to include aboveground vegetation in the core. Cores were then capped underwater avoiding air bubbles and inflow and outflow tubing was connected to each core. Filtered site water (GF/F) spiked with sodium 15N-nitrate to a final concentration of 50 μM flowed through each core for 24 hr with a peristaltic pump at a rate of 2.5 mL per minute. Each core contained a magnetic stir bar suspended from the caps that stirred the overlying water. Water samples for NH4 Flux, NO3 Flux, and PO4 Flux were collected after 24 hours. Water samples were filtered through GF/F and frozen. NH4 and PO4 concentrations were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. NO3 concentrations were determined with a combination of VCl3 reduction as described in Schnetger B, Lehners C (2014). At the same time as nutrient flux samples, triplicate samples from the inflow and outflow line of each core for analysis of nitrogen gas isotopes were collected in 12 mL Exetainers by overflowing the volume of the vial twice and then preserving the samples with 250 μL of 50% w/v ZnCl2. Samples were capped and stored underwater until analysis for nitrogen gas isotopes on a membrane inlet mass spectrometer..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: PO4 Flux (measured); Units: Phosphate flux rates measured in µmol P m-2 hr-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Five cores (9.5 cm, ID, 24 cm height) were collected bimonthly during low tide at each site to a depth of 20 cm. Cores tubes were pushed into the marsh soil within patches of J. roemerianus at the natural and restored marsh sites within 5 cm of the vegetation base taking care not to include aboveground vegetation in the core. Cores were then capped underwater avoiding air bubbles and inflow and outflow tubing was connected to each core. Filtered site water (GF/F) spiked with sodium 15N-nitrate to a final concentration of 50 μM flowed through each core for 24 hr with a peristaltic pump at a rate of 2.5 mL per minute. Each core contained a magnetic stir bar suspended from the caps that stirred the overlying water. Water samples for NH4 Flux, NO3 Flux, and PO4 Flux were collected after 24 hours. Water samples were filtered through GF/F and frozen. NH4 and PO4 concentrations were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. NO3 concentrations were determined with a combination of VCl3 reduction as described in Schnetger B, Lehners C (2014). At the same time as nutrient flux samples, triplicate samples from the inflow and outflow line of each core for analysis of nitrogen gas isotopes were collected in 12 mL Exetainers by overflowing the volume of the vial twice and then preserving the samples with 250 μL of 50% w/v ZnCl2. Samples were capped and stored underwater until analysis for nitrogen gas isotopes on a membrane inlet mass spectrometer..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: DNF Capacity (measured); Units: Denitrification rates measured in µmol N m-2 hr-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Five cores (9.5 cm, ID, 24 cm height) were collected bimonthly during low tide at each site to a depth of 20 cm. Cores tubes were pushed into the marsh soil within patches of J. roemerianus at the natural and restored marsh sites within 5 cm of the vegetation base taking care not to include aboveground vegetation in the core. Cores were then capped underwater avoiding air bubbles and inflow and outflow tubing was connected to each core. Filtered site water (GF/F) spiked with sodium 15N-nitrate to a final concentration of 50 μM flowed through each core for 24 hr with a peristaltic pump at a rate of 2.5 mL per minute. Each core contained a magnetic stir bar suspended from the caps that stirred the overlying water. Water samples for NH4 Flux, NO3 Flux, and PO4 Flux were collected after 24 hours. Water samples were filtered through GF/F and frozen. NH4 and PO4 concentrations were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. NO3 concentrations were determined with a combination of VCl3 reduction as described in Schnetger B, Lehners C (2014). At the same time as nutrient flux samples, triplicate samples from the inflow and outflow line of each core for analysis of nitrogen gas isotopes were collected in 12 mL Exetainers by overflowing the volume of the vial twice and then preserving the samples with 250 μL of 50% w/v ZnCl2. Samples were capped and stored underwater until analysis for nitrogen gas isotopes on a membrane inlet mass spectrometer..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: D14 (measured); Units: Denitrification rates from ambient nitrate measured in µmol N m-2 hr-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Five cores (9.5 cm, ID, 24 cm height) were collected bimonthly during low tide at each site to a depth of 20 cm. Cores tubes were pushed into the marsh soil within patches of J. roemerianus at the natural and restored marsh sites within 5 cm of the vegetation base taking care not to include aboveground vegetation in the core. Cores were then capped underwater avoiding air bubbles and inflow and outflow tubing was connected to each core. Filtered site water (GF/F) spiked with sodium 15N-nitrate to a final concentration of 50 μM flowed through each core for 24 hr with a peristaltic pump at a rate of 2.5 mL per minute. Each core contained a magnetic stir bar suspended from the caps that stirred the overlying water. Water samples for NH4 Flux, NO3 Flux, and PO4 Flux were collected after 24 hours. Water samples were filtered through GF/F and frozen. NH4 and PO4 concentrations were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. NO3 concentrations were determined with a combination of VCl3 reduction as described in Schnetger B, Lehners C (2014). At the same time as nutrient flux samples, triplicate samples from the inflow and outflow line of each core for analysis of nitrogen gas isotopes were collected in 12 mL Exetainers by overflowing the volume of the vial twice and then preserving the samples with 250 μL of 50% w/v ZnCl2. Samples were capped and stored underwater until analysis for nitrogen gas isotopes on a membrane inlet mass spectrometer..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: D15 (measured); Units: Denitrification rates from added 15 nitrate isotope measured in µmol N m-2 hr-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Five cores (9.5 cm, ID, 24 cm height) were collected bimonthly during low tide at each site to a depth of 20 cm. Cores tubes were pushed into the marsh soil within patches of J. roemerianus at the natural and restored marsh sites within 5 cm of the vegetation base taking care not to include aboveground vegetation in the core. Cores were then capped underwater avoiding air bubbles and inflow and outflow tubing was connected to each core. Filtered site water (GF/F) spiked with sodium 15N-nitrate to a final concentration of 50 μM flowed through each core for 24 hr with a peristaltic pump at a rate of 2.5 mL per minute. Each core contained a magnetic stir bar suspended from the caps that stirred the overlying water. Water samples for NH4 Flux, NO3 Flux, and PO4 Flux were collected after 24 hours. Water samples were filtered through GF/F and frozen. NH4 and PO4 concentrations were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. NO3 concentrations were determined with a combination of VCl3 reduction as described in Schnetger B, Lehners C (2014). At the same time as nutrient flux samples, triplicate samples from the inflow and outflow line of each core for analysis of nitrogen gas isotopes were collected in 12 mL Exetainers by overflowing the volume of the vial twice and then preserving the samples with 250 μL of 50% w/v ZnCl2. Samples were capped and stored underwater until analysis for nitrogen gas isotopes on a membrane inlet mass spectrometer..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Dw14 (measured); Units: Direct denitrification rates of in situ water column nitrate measured in µmol N m-2 hr-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Five cores (9.5 cm, ID, 24 cm height) were collected bimonthly during low tide at each site to a depth of 20 cm. Cores tubes were pushed into the marsh soil within patches of J. roemerianus at the natural and restored marsh sites within 5 cm of the vegetation base taking care not to include aboveground vegetation in the core. Cores were then capped underwater avoiding air bubbles and inflow and outflow tubing was connected to each core. Filtered site water (GF/F) spiked with sodium 15N-nitrate to a final concentration of 50 μM flowed through each core for 24 hr with a peristaltic pump at a rate of 2.5 mL per minute. Each core contained a magnetic stir bar suspended from the caps that stirred the overlying water. Water samples for NH4 Flux, NO3 Flux, and PO4 Flux were collected after 24 hours. Water samples were filtered through GF/F and frozen. NH4 and PO4 concentrations were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. NO3 concentrations were determined with a combination of VCl3 reduction as described in Schnetger B, Lehners C (2014). At the same time as nutrient flux samples, triplicate samples from the inflow and outflow line of each core for analysis of nitrogen gas isotopes were collected in 12 mL Exetainers by overflowing the volume of the vial twice and then preserving the samples with 250 μL of 50% w/v ZnCl2. Samples were capped and stored underwater until analysis for nitrogen gas isotopes on a membrane inlet mass spectrometer..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Dn14 (measured); Units: Coupled nitrification-denitrification measured in µmol N m-2 hr-1; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Five cores (9.5 cm, ID, 24 cm height) were collected bimonthly during low tide at each site to a depth of 20 cm. Cores tubes were pushed into the marsh soil within patches of J. roemerianus at the natural and restored marsh sites within 5 cm of the vegetation base taking care not to include aboveground vegetation in the core. Cores were then capped underwater avoiding air bubbles and inflow and outflow tubing was connected to each core. Filtered site water (GF/F) spiked with sodium 15N-nitrate to a final concentration of 50 μM flowed through each core for 24 hr with a peristaltic pump at a rate of 2.5 mL per minute. Each core contained a magnetic stir bar suspended from the caps that stirred the overlying water. Water samples for NH4 Flux, NO3 Flux, and PO4 Flux were collected after 24 hours. Water samples were filtered through GF/F and frozen. NH4 and PO4 concentrations were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. NO3 concentrations were determined with a combination of VCl3 reduction as described in Schnetger B, Lehners C (2014). At the same time as nutrient flux samples, triplicate samples from the inflow and outflow line of each core for analysis of nitrogen gas isotopes were collected in 12 mL Exetainers by overflowing the volume of the vial twice and then preserving the samples with 250 μL of 50% w/v ZnCl2. Samples were capped and stored underwater until analysis for nitrogen gas isotopes on a membrane inlet mass spectrometer..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Dn14 % of D14 (measured); Units: see in Data Quality Method; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Five cores (9.5 cm, ID, 24 cm height) were collected bimonthly during low tide at each site to a depth of 20 cm. Cores tubes were pushed into the marsh soil within patches of J. roemerianus at the natural and restored marsh sites within 5 cm of the vegetation base taking care not to include aboveground vegetation in the core. Cores were then capped underwater avoiding air bubbles and inflow and outflow tubing was connected to each core. Filtered site water (GF/F) spiked with sodium 15N-nitrate to a final concentration of 50 μM flowed through each core for 24 hr with a peristaltic pump at a rate of 2.5 mL per minute. Each core contained a magnetic stir bar suspended from the caps that stirred the overlying water. Water samples for NH4 Flux, NO3 Flux, and PO4 Flux were collected after 24 hours. Water samples were filtered through GF/F and frozen. NH4 and PO4 concentrations were measured on a Skalar SAN+ Autoanalyzer. NO3 concentrations were determined with a combination of VCl3 reduction as described in Schnetger B, Lehners C (2014). At the same time as nutrient flux samples, triplicate samples from the inflow and outflow line of each core for analysis of nitrogen gas isotopes were collected in 12 mL Exetainers by overflowing the volume of the vial twice and then preserving the samples with 250 μL of 50% w/v ZnCl2. Samples were capped and stored underwater until analysis for nitrogen gas isotopes on a membrane inlet mass spectrometer.; Data Quality Method: Percent of in situ denitrification (D14) from coupled nitrification-denitrification (Dn14) measured in % (This info is too long to enter in the Units field.).
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
maintenanceNote: Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: CHN Analyzer
type: CHN Analyzer
description: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen Analyzer Instrument used for measuring carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in organic and other types of materials.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: GPS
type: GPS
description: Global Positioning System receiver satellite-based instrument used for geo-location, positioning and navigation
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: multi-parameter water quality sensor
type: multi-parameter water quality sensor
description: used to measure temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and other parameters Instrument used to measure temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and other parameters, often used to measure water quality parameters. Can be a hand-held instrument or a sonde for unattended monitoring. Often used in coastal water monitoring stations. YSI is the preeminent brand (as of 2024).
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: nutrient autoanalyzer
type: nutrient autoanalyzer
description: Laboratory Instrument Nutrient Autoanalyzer is a generic term describing an automated flow-thru system used to conduct analyses of several different nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, and silicate) simultaneously from a seawater sample. For example: SEAL AutoAnalyzer 3 HR Continuous Segmented Flow Analyzer
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: sediment sampler - corer
type: sediment sampler - corer
description: sediment coring device gravity or other coring device used to collect surfacial and near-surficial sediment samples
