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Surface underway measurements partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in the water and atmosphere, sea surface salinity, sea surface temperature, oxygen and other parameters during the Alaska Marine Highway System M/V Columbia 135 service route transits along British Columbia coast, southeast Alaska coast, Gulf of Alaska and North Pacific Ocean from 2017-10-26 to 2019-10-04 (NCEI Accession 0209049)


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            title:  Surface underway measurements partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in the water and atmosphere, sea surface salinity, sea surface temperature, oxygen and other parameters during the Alaska Marine Highway System M/V Columbia 135 service route transits along British Columbia coast, southeast Alaska coast, Gulf of Alaska and North Pacific Ocean from 2017-10-26 to 2019-10-04 (NCEI Accession 0209049)
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                date:  2020-02-13
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                  Anchor:  DOI 10.25921/jq11-2268
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/5332 Wiley Evans
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/2052 Hakai Institute
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/2052 Hakai Institute
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/2039 University of Alaska - Southeast
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                individualName:  Harrington, Christen D.
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/2039 University of Alaska - Southeast
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/2052 Hakai Institute
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        abstract:  This dataset includes continuous sea surface underway measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in the water and atmosphere, sea surface salinity, sea surface temperature, oxygen and and barometric pressure during the Alaska Marine Highway System M/V Columbia 135 service route transits along British Columbia coast, southeast Alaska coast, Gulf of Alaska and North Pacific Ocean from 2017-10-26 to 2019-10-04. The service route of the Columbia included the ports of Sitka, Juneau, Haines, Skagway, Wrangell, Petersburg, and Ketchikan in southeast Alaska, and between Ketchikan and Bellingham, WA. The vessel sailed south from Ketchikan every Wednesday, arrived in Bellingham on Friday, returned to Ketchikan on Sunday, and transited between southeast Alaska terminals between Sunday and Wednesday. Measurements of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen content, and CO2 partial pressure were made every 2 mins on seawater drawn into the vessel from a ~2 m intake. Seawater was delivered from the intake to analytical equipment on the car deck using a AMT 1/2 HP pump (4295-98). Temperature and salinity data were collected using a Sea-Bird SBE 45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph, and intake temperature measured using a SBE 38 Digital Oceanographic Thermometer. Dissolved oxygen content was determined using an Aanderaa 4330F that had undergone multipoint calibration at the factory in Norway. CO2 measurements were made using a General Oceanics 8050 (GO8050) pCO2 Measuring System equipped with a LI-COR LI840A non-dispersive infrared detector. All data streams, including GPS information from an antenna and atmospheric pressure from a Druck barometer positioned on the foredeck, were captured by the GO8050 control computer. Atmospheric CO2 measurements were also made using the GO8050 on unaltered marine air drawn to the system through an intake located on the foredeck. The CO2 measurement scheme involved the analysis of four gas standards of known CO2 content (150 ppm, 349 ppm, 449 ppm, and 850 ppm; Praxair Distributions Inc), 12 analyses atmospheric CO2, and 240 seawater CO2 measurements in a 8.5 hour period. The atmospheric and seawater CO2 analyses were run in a sequence of 3 atmospheric measurements and 60 seawater measurements that was repeated 4 times between standardization. This project was supported by the Tula Foundation and Alaska Ocean Observing System, and was a collaborative effort between the Hakai Institute, University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean/NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, State of Alaska Department of Transportation, University of Alaska Southeast Alaska Coastal Rainforest Center, and the Alaska Ocean Observing System.
        purpose:  This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis.
        credit:  Funding Information: Hakai Institute
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                            city:  Greenbelt
                            administrativeArea:  MD
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
                            protocol:  HTTPS
                            name:  GCMD Keyword Forum Page
                            description:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 18. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme
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                title:  OCADS Study Type
                date: (inapplicable)
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  O2
            keyword:  SST
            keyword:  SW pCO2 wet SST
            keyword:  Salinity
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Provider Variable Abbreviations
                date: (inapplicable)
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/0bf12743-3ab8-4be7-9b48-b565723ed0ad BAROMETERS > BAROMETERS
            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/7aecabfb-0047-484f-8396-efc0da16bc20 CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS
            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/d8efbcb9-9ab3-4016-b7ff-6426cd0bf545 EQUILIBRATORS
            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/fdcfecd6-9731-450e-94e8-5bc4c04e22a2 OXYGEN METERS > OXYGEN METERS
            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/ed79ec7b-a2df-4948-9877-b75e1fcb8782 SALINOMETERS
            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/aa953a14-4581-47f8-a5b3-c8dd50904ee0 TEMPERATURE SENSORS > TEMPERATURE SENSORS
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) instrument
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2023
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                edition:  18
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                            city:  Greenbelt
                            administrativeArea:  MD
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
                            protocol:  HTTPS
                            name:  GCMD Keyword Forum Page
                            description:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 18. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://vocab.ices.dk/services/pox/GetCodeDetail/SHIPC/32C3 COLUMBIA (ICES code: 32C3)
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) platform
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes
                date: (inapplicable)
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/5488b1cc-08b2-41cf-9bd2-4a2cdd0990de OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN
            keyword:
              Anchor:  https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/9972bea3-3817-44e8-9c14-bcda7750d820 OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN > GULF OF ALASKA
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2023
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                edition:  18
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
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                            linkage: https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords
                            protocol:  HTTPS
                            name:  GCMD Keyword Forum Page
                            description:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2023. GCMD Keywords, Version 18. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords
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            keyword:  British Columbia coast
            keyword:  Gulf of Alaska
            keyword:  North Pacific Ocean
            keyword:  southeast Alaska coast
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Provider Geographic Names
                date: (inapplicable)
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            useLimitation:  accessLevel: Public
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Cite as: Evans, Wiley; Lebon, Geoffrey T.; Harrington, Christen D.; Bidlack, Allison (2020). Surface underway measurements partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in the water and atmosphere, sea surface salinity, sea surface temperature, oxygen and other parameters during the Alaska Marine Highway System M/V Columbia 135 service route transits along British Columbia coast, southeast Alaska coast, Gulf of Alaska and North Pacific Ocean from 2017-10-26 to 2019-10-04 (NCEI Accession 0209049). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/jq11-2268. Accessed [date].
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            useLimitation:  Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
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                title:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system
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                    date:  2022-04
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                      Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 US DOC; NOAA; NESDIS; National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
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                otherCitationDetails:  [accessed 2024-02-08]
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                    beginPosition:  2017-10-26
                    endPosition:  2019-10-04
        supplementalInformation:  In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number.
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    distributionInfo:  (MD_Distribution)
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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                        voice:  +1-301-713-3277
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        electronicMailAddress:  NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
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                fees:  In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
                orderingInstructions:  Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
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                    linkage: https://doi.org/10.25921/jq11-2268
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                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/209049
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                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0209049 v1.1 was published.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2020-02-13T22:15:30Z
                output:  (LE_Source)
                    sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NCEI Accession 0209049 v1.1
                        date:  (CI_Date)
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                            dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
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                            individualName: (inapplicable)
                            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
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                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0209049/1.1
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                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0209049 v1.1
                                    description:  published 2020-02-13T22:15:30Z
                                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                            role: (inapplicable)
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                description:  NCEI Accession 0209049 was revised and v2.2 was published.
                rationale:  Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2020-04-04T00:43:56Z
                output:  (LE_Source)
                    sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NCEI Accession 0209049 v2.2
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                            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0209049/2.2
                                    protocol:  HTTPS
                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0209049 v2.2
                                    description:  published 2020-04-04T00:43:56Z
                                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                            role: (inapplicable)
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: SW pCO2 wet SST; Unit: µatm; Observation type: Measurements from continuously flowing seawater stream; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: Calculated from measured CO2 mole fractions (xCO2) and ambient atmospheric pressure; Sampling instrument: Shower-head equilibrator; Location of seawater intake: Seawater drawn from 1-m depth approximately 50 m from shore; Analyzing instrument: General Oceanics 8050 pCO2 Measuring System with LI-COR LI-840A; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Seawater pCO2 data were obtained from corrected measurements of CO2 mixing ratio (xCO2) made using a General Oceanics 8050 (GO8050) pCO2 Measuring System and following recommended protocols by Pierrot et al. (2009). Surface (~2 m) seawater was delivered at ~3 l/min to a showerhead equilibrator in the GO8050 by a ½ HP pump located proximal to the seawater intake in the bow thruster room of the M/V Columbia. Seawater sample air from the equilibrator was supplied to a non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer (LI-COR LI840A CO2/H2O) housed within the system’s dry box. Carrier gas is then recirculated through the system, minimizing the need for make-up air supplied by a secondary equilibrator. Seawater sample air, four standard gases of known mixing ratio (nominally 150, 349, 449, and 850 ppm; Praxair), and unaltered marine air were all plumbed to provide gas flow to the GO8050 dry box. The GO8050 is controlled using National Instruments LabVIEW software run on a PC laptop computer. The software controls data acquisition from a SBE 45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph coupled with the GO8050, a SBE 38 Digital Oceanographic Thermometer located at the seawater intake, an Aanderaa 4330F coupled with the GO8050, primary equilibrator temperature and pressure sensors, a Druck barometer and GPS antenna located on the vessel foredeck, and the LI840A; while also controlling a Valco Instruments Co. Inc. (VICI) multi-port actuator that cycles between the gas streams plumbed to the dry box. Analytical gas streams were dried prior to analysis using a condenser and Permapure Nafion tubes. The CO2 measurement scheme controlled by the software involved the analysis of the four gas standards of known CO2 content, 12 analyses atmospheric CO2, and 240 seawater CO2 measurements in a cycle that was repeated every 8.5 hours (with a ~2 min measurement frequency). The seawater and atmospheric CO2 analyses were run in a sequence of 3 atmospheric measurements and 60 seawater measurements that was repeated 4 times between standardization. Analyses of each gas standard were interpolated over the time record of the dataset, and used to create calibration functions needed to correct the raw LI840A xCO2 data. Calibrated seawater xCO2 data in dry air were quality controlled, and then converted to CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) in wet air at the equilibrator temperature by using atmospheric pressure measured by the LI840A plus the differential pressure recorded in the equilibrator corrected for the removal of water vapor and vessel pressurization, the latter determined by the differential between the Druck barometric pressure on the vessel foredeck and atmospheric pressure from the LI840A. Finally, seawater pCO2 in wet air was adjusted to sea surface temperature using the offset between SBE 45 Micro-Thermosalinograph temperature recorded at the GO8050 and intake temperature from the SBE 38 Digital Oceanographic Thermometer located at the seawater intake.; Standardization technique: xCO2 calibration functions developed during periodic sequential analysis of gas standards of known concentration (nominally 150, 349, 449, and 850 ppm; Praxair); Standardization frequency: Every 8.5 hours; Standard gas manufacturer: Praxair, Inc.; Standard gas uncertainty: 2 ppm for calibrated xCO2; 2 µatm for pCO2; Uncertainty: 2 µatm; Quality flag convention: no quality flag applied; Method reference: Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., & Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005; Researcher name: Wiley Evans; Researcher institution: Hakai Institute.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Sea surface temperature; Abbreviation: SST; Unit: °C, ITS-90 scale; Observation type: Measurements from continuously flowing seawater stream; Analyzing instrument: SBE 38 Digital Oceanographic Thermometer; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Data captured using National Instruments LabVIEW software on the GO8050 PC laptop control computer; Uncertainty: 0.002°C; Researcher name: Wiley Evans; Researcher institution: Hakai Institute.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Sea surface salinity; Abbreviation: Salinity; Unit: 1978 Practical Salinity Scale; Observation type: measurements from continuously flowing seawater stream; Sampling instrument: Calculated from conductivity and temperature measurements; Analyzing instrument: SBE 45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Data captured using National Instruments LabVIEW software on the GO8050 PC laptop control computer; Uncertainty: 0.003 S/m; Researcher name: Wiley Evans; Researcher institution: Hakai Institute.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Oxygen; Abbreviation: O2; Unit: µmol/kg; Observation type: measurements from continuously flowing seawater stream; Analyzing instrument: Aanderaa 4330F Oxygen Optode; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Data were captured using National Instruments LabVIEW software on the GO8050 PC laptop control computer. Raw dissolved oxygen measurements were salinity corrected followed Bittig et al. (2018) and manufacturer recommendations. Salinity corrected data were then converted to µmol/kg units using temperature and salinity recorded from the Sea-Bird SBE 45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph.; Replicate information: Multi-point calibration by Aanderaa; Uncertainty: 5 %; Method reference: Bittig, H.C., Körtzinger, A., Neill, C., van Ooijen, E., Plant, J.N., Hahn, J., Johnson, K.S., Yang, B., and Emerson, S.R. 2018. Oxygen Optode Sensors: Principle, Characterization, Calibration, and Application in the Ocean. Frontiers in Marine Science 4(429): https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00429; García, H.E., and Gordon, L.I. 1992. Oxygen solubility in seawater: Better fitting equations. Limnology and Oceanography 37(6): 1301-1312.; Researcher name: Wiley Evans; Researcher institution: Hakai Institute .
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        maintenanceNote:  NCEI Accession 0209049 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  barometric pressure sensor
            type:  barometric pressure sensor
            description:  instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            type:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            description:  measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  oxygen sensor
            type:  oxygen sensor
            description:  Any instrument that measures oxygen content in a compound.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  salinometer
            type:  salinometer
            description:  generic salinometer use salinometer when the instrument type used is unclear but the data include salinity measurements
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  showerhead equilibrator
            type:  showerhead equilibrator
            description:  extracts dissolved CO2 from water A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  temperature sensor
            type:  temperature sensor
            description:  A sensor used to measure temperature.
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  COLUMBIA
            description:  COLUMBIA
            instrument: (missing)