NOAA Coral Reef Watch Operational Near-real-time Twice-weekly Global 50 km Satellite Coral Bleaching Thermal Stress Monitoring Product Suite from 2017-12-28 to 2018-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0208289)
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title: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Operational Near-real-time Twice-weekly Global 50 km Satellite Coral Bleaching Thermal Stress Monitoring Product Suite from 2017-12-28 to 2018-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0208289)
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abstract: NOAA Coral Reef Watch program produces a suite of near-real-time global 50 km monitoring products, based on sea surface temperature (SST) observations from NOAA's Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (POES), to pinpoint areas around the world where heat stress is sufficient to cause mass coral bleaching. This product suite is produced twice a week operationally and includes nighttime sea surface temperature, nighttime sea surface temperature anomaly, coral bleaching HotSpot, Degree Heating Week, and Bleaching Alert Area products.
purpose: This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis.
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supplementalInformation: Coral Reef Watch's (CRW) near-real-time twice-weekly global 50 km (0.5 degrees exactly) satellite coral bleaching thermal stress monitoring products are CRW's heritage operational products and form the core of CRW's first Decision Support System for tropical coral reef management. The products include Sea Surface Temperature (SST), SST Anomaly, Coral Bleaching HotSpot, Degree Heating Week (DHW), and Bleaching Alert Area products. These products are based on NOAA/NESDIS' operational twice-weekly global 50 km nighttime SST Analysis derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR) onboard NOAA's Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (POES). A set of SST climatologies and coral bleaching SST threshold climatology are used to derive SST anomaly, HotSpot, DHW, and Bleaching Alert Area from SST Analysis. All products are currently updated twice-weekly every Monday morning (using observations from the previous Thursday through Sunday) and Thursday morning (using observations from the previous Monday through Wednesday), U.S. Eastern Time. Prior to May 3, 2007, the products were updated every Tuesday morning (using observations from the previous Saturday through Monday) and Saturday morning (using observations from the previous Tuesday through Friday), U.S. Eastern Time. The data are available for use without restriction, but it is required to credit NOAA Coral Reef Watch program for any data use. Recommendations for citing and providing credit are provided at http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/docs/recommendations_crw_citation.php. Users are referred to the footer section of Coral Reef Watch's website (http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/) for disclaimers, policies, notices pertaining to the use of the data. Data layers included in the data files: Data Layer; Definition; Type; Dimensions (RxC) CRW_SST; Twice-weekly global 50km satellite nighttime sea surface temperature; int16; 331x720 CRW_SSTANOMALY; Twice-weekly global 50km satellite nighttime sea surface temperature anomaly; int16; 331x720 CRW_HOTSPOT; Twice-weekly global 50km satellite coral bleaching HotSpot; int16; 331x720 CRW_DHW; Twice-weekly global 50km satellite coral bleaching Degree Heating Week; int16; 331x720 CRW_BAA; Twice-weekly global 50km satellite Bleaching Alert Area; int16; 331x720 surface_flag; Pixel characteristics flag array; uint8; 331x720 Individual SST, and SST Anomaly, HotSpot, DHW, and BAA HDF files contain two data layers including the corresponding data layer named in the table above (CRW_SST, CRW_SSTANOMALY, CRW_HOTSPOT, CRW_DHW, and CRW_BAA) and a surface_flag layer. Each of these files also contains an 8-bit raster image of the corresponding geophysical data layer contained in the file. The dimension of each image is 720 columns by 411 rows. Each image displays a data layer in its pre-defined color scale and the color legend is shown on each image. Corresponding color palette is attached on each image and extractable from the HDF file. An all-in-one file is also available and contains all the data layers, except for the CRW_BAA data layer, listed in the table and their raster images with color palettes. All these data files are in HDF format, containing internally all the necessary information to understand and to properly use the data. Liu, G., J.L. Rauenzahn, S.F. Heron, C.M. Eakin, W.J. Skirving, T.R.L. Christensen, A.E. Strong, J. Li (2013). NOAA Coral Reef Watch 50 km Satellite Sea Surface Temperature-Based Decision Support System for Coral Bleaching Management. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 143. NOAA/NESDIS. College Park, MD. 33pp. Strong, A.E., F. Arzayus, W. Skirving, and S.F. Heron. Identifying coral bleaching remotely via Coral Reef Watch - improved integration and implications for climate change. Chapter 9 in Coral Reefs and Climate Change: Science and Management, J.T. Phinney, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, J. Kleypas, W. Skirving, and A.E. Strong (Co-Eds), American Geophysical Union, 2006. Liu G., A.E. Strong, W. Skirving, and L.F. Arzayus, 2006. Overview of NOAA coral reef watch program's near-real time satellite global coral bleaching monitoring activities. Proc 10th Int Coral Reef Symp., Okinawa, Japan, 2004. 1:1783-1793. Skirving, W.J., A.E. Strong, G. Liu, C. Liu, F. Arzayus, J. Sapper, and E. Bayler. Extreme events and perturbations of coastal ecosystems: Sea surface temperature change and coral bleaching. Chapter 2 in Remote Sensing of Aquatic Coastal Ecosystem Processes, L.L. Richardson and E.F. LeDrew (Co-Eds), Kluwer publishers. January, 2006. Liu, G., A.E. Strong and W. Skirving (2003). Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Temperatures during 2002 Barrier Reef Coral Bleaching. EOS 84(15): 137. Liu G., J.E. Meyer, I.C. Guch, and M.A. Toscano, 2001. NOAA's satellite coral reef bleaching early warning products aimed at local reef sites around the globe. Reef Encounter, 30: 10-13. Goreau, T.J. and R. Hayes, 1994. Coral Bleaching and Ocean "Hot Spots." Ambio, 23:176-180. A complete list of references is available at http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/methodology/methodology.php#reference http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/publications.php
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Anchor: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
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linkage: ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0151/0208289/
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description: NCEI Accession 0208289 v1.1 was published.
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DateTime: 2020-01-01T21:21:39Z
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: AVHRR-3
type: AVHRR-3
description: Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer-3 The AVHRR-3 is a six channel scanning radiometer providing 3 solar channels in the visible-near infrared region and 3 thermal infrared channels. The AVHRR-3 has two one-micrometer wide channels between 10.3 and 12.5 micrometers. This latest version of AVHRR was first carried on NOAA-15 launched in May 1998 and subsequently in all current NOAA and MetOp platforms. Measuring the same view, this array of diverse wavelengths, after processing, permits multi spectral analysis for more precisely defining hydrologic, oceanographic, and meteorological parameters. Comparison of data from two channels is often used to observe features or measure various environmental parameters. The three channels operating entirely within the infrared band are used to detect the heat radiation from and hence, the temperature of land, water, sea surfaces, and the clouds above them. Additional Information: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/pod-guide/ncdc/docs/klm/html/c3/sec3-1.htm
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instrument: (MI_Instrument)
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code: GOES Imager
type: GOES Imager
description: Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Imager The GOES I-M Imager is a five channel (one visible, four infrared) imaging radiometer designed to sense radiant and solar reflected energy from sampled areas of the earth. By means of a servo driven, two-axis gimbaled mirror scanning system in conjunction with a Cassegrain telescope, the Imager's multispectral channels can simultaneously sweep an 8-kilometer (5 statute mile) north-to-south swath along an east-to-west/west-to-east path, at a rate of 20 degrees (optical) east-west per second. This translates into being able to scan a 3000 by 3000 km (1864 by 1864 miles) "box" centered over the United States in just 41 seconds. The actual scanning sequence takes places by sweeping in an East-West direction, stepping in the North-South direction, than sweeping back in a West-East direction, stepping North-South, sweeping East-West, and so on. The Imager consists of electronics, power supply, and sensor modules. The sensor module containing the telescope, scan assembly, and detectors, is mounted on a baseplate outside the main structure of the spacecraft, together with shields and louvers for thermal control. The electronics module provides redundant circuitry and performs command, control, and signal processing functions; it also serves as a structure for mounting and interconnecting the electronic boards for proper heat dissipation. The power supply module contains the converters, fuses, and power control for interfacing with the spacecraft electrical power subsystem. The electronics and power supply modules are mounted inside the spacecraft on the internal equipment panel. (From: http://noaasis.noaa.gov/NOAASIS/ml/imager.html)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: MTSAT 2 Imager
type: MTSAT 2 Imager
description: Multi-Functional Transport Satellite 2 Imager SENSOR Full Name: Imager/MTSAT Status Operational as of 2011 Instrument Agencies: JMA [Lead Agency (JMA)] Maturity High Heritage - Operational Instrument Type: Imaging multi-spectral radiometers (vis/IR) Geometry: Earth disk scanning Instrument Technology: Multi-purpose imaging Vis/IR radiometer Sampling: Imaging Data Format: LRIT/HRIT
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code: SEVIRI
type: SEVIRI
description: Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infra-Red Imager Instrument onboard METEOSAT Second Generation satellite. Application - meteorology; from geostationary orbit, instrument performing full Earth disk imaging in 12 spectral bands for weather monitoring and forecasting. Features/Technical Details - Spectral range: • 0.4 – 1.6 micrometer (4 visible/near-infrared channels) • 3.8 – 13.4 micrometer (8 infrared channels) Resolution from 36000 km altitude: • 1 km in high resolution for visible channels • 3 km in infra red and visible channels Focal plane passively cooled at –180°C Earth scanning achieved by combination of satellite spin (East-West) and mirror scanning (South-North). • one image every 15 minutes • 245000 images over 7-year lifetime Instrument mass: 260 kg, 2.43 m height, 1 m diameter (without sunshield) Power consumption: 150 W average Data rate: 3.26 Mbit/s (From: http://www.astrium.eads.net/corp/prod/00000842.htm)
mountedOn: #plat_9204
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
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code: VIIRS
type: VIIRS
description: Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite A scanning radiometer that collects visible and infrared imagery and radiometric measurements of the land, atmosphere, cryosphere, and oceans. Additonal Information: http://www.class.ncdc.noaa.gov/saa/products/search?datatype_family=VIIRS
mountedOn: #plat_9159
platform: (MI_Platform)
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code: GOES-13
description: https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/149 Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 13. The NODC has archived sea surface temperature data collected from this platform as part of the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) program. Instruments: GOES IMAGER et al
instrument: #inst_be8c
platform: (MI_Platform)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: GOES-15
description: https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/151 Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 15. The NODC has archived sea surface temperature data collected from this platform as part of the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) program. Platform added to GHRSST data streams August 2012. Instruments: GOES IMAGER et al
instrument: #inst_be8c
platform: (MI_Platform)
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code: Meteosat-9 (MSG-2)
description: https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/303 Second Meteosat Second Generation geostationary satellite, launched 21 December 2005. The NODC has archived sea surface temperature data collected from this platform as part of the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) program. Synonyms: MSG-2 Instruments: SEVIRI et al
instrument: #inst_be8d
platform: (MI_Platform)
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code: MetOp-B (Meteorological Operational satellite-B)
description: Platform Class: 65-Orbiting satellite Synonyms: Meteorological Operational satellite-B Commissioned Date: 2012-09-17 Countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Rep., Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom. Notes +: MetOp-B is the second of three ESA and EUMETSAT weather satellites. The satellite carry a set of seven 'heritage' instruments provided by NOAA and CNES and a new generation of five European instruments offering improved sensing capabilities. Several of the instruments measure similar aspects of the atmosphere, namely temperature and humidity, but use a variety of measuring techniques to acquire their data. Info Source: http://www.eumetsat.int/website/home/Satellites/CurrentSatellites/Metop/index.html http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/The_Living_Planet_Programme/Meteorological_missions/MetOp/About_the_satellite https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/m/metop
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platform: (MI_Platform)
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code: MTSAT-2 (Himawari 7)
description: https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/166 MTSAT-2 Synonym: Himawari 7 Client: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Launch date: February 18, 2006 Launch vehicle: H-IIA Launch site: Tanegashima Space Center Orbit: Geostationary orbit: 145 deg. Mass: 4,650kg (at launch) Electrical power: 3,410 W Design life: 10 years Description The MTSAT-2 is a multi-functional satellite that carries out both an aviation mission, including air traffic control, and a meteorological mission. The purpose of the aviation mission is to improve traffic congestion and safety in the Asia-Pacific region with a next-generation global-scale air traffic safety system made up of communications, navigation, tracking and air traffic control. The purpose of the meteorological mission is to capture, collect and deliver meteorological images and/or data, inheriting and expanding the mission of the GMS-5 which is also currently in service. Multi-functional Transport Satellites (MTSAT) are a series of geostationary weather satellites operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). MTSAT carries an aeronautical mission to assist air navigation, plus a meteorological mission to provide imagery over the Asia-Pacific region for the hemisphere centered on 140 East. The meteorological mission includes an imager giving nominal hourly full Earth disk images in five spectral bands (one visible, four infrared). MTSAT are spin stabilized satellites. With this system images are built up by scanning with a mirror that is tilted in small successive steps from the north pole to south pole at a rate such that on each rotation of the satellite an adjacent strip of the Earth is scanned. It takes about 25 minutes to scan the full Earth's disk. This builds a picture 10,000 pixels for the visible images (1.25 km resolution) and 2,500 pixels (4 km resolution) for the infrared images. The MTSAT-2 (also known as Himawari 7) and its radiometer (MTSAT-2 Imager) was successfully launched on 18 February 2006. Submitted to ICES on 2018-01-03. ICES Code approved 2023-08-17
instrument: #inst_be52
platform: (MI_Platform)
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code: SNPP
description: The NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) was renamed to Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) in honor of Verner E. Suomi, University of Wisconsin meteorologist, widely recognized as the "Father of Satellite Meteorology." Suomi NPP is the first next generation polar-orbiting satellite in the JPSS series, and is considered the bridge between NOAA's legacy polar satellite fleet, NASA's Earth observing missions and JPSS constellation. Launched in October 2011, Suomi NPP boasts five state-of-the-art instruments: (1) VIIRS, (2) CrIS, (3) ATMS, (4) OMPS, and (5) CERES FM5— which will be the similar instruments carried on JPSS-1. It has design life of five years and was launched with a Delta-II Mission Launch Vehicle from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. Additional Information: https://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Operations/SNPP/status.html https://space.oscar.wmo.int/satellites/view/snpp http://www.jpss.noaa.gov/satellites.html#SNPP
instrument: #inst_be35