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Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from surface underway observations using carbon dioxide gas analyzer, shower head equilibrator and other instruments from R/V Wecoma in the U.S. West Coast California Current System during the 2011 West Coast Ocean Acidification Cruise (WCOA2011) from 2011-08-12 to 2011-08-30 (NCEI Accession 0123607)


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            title:  Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, temperature, salinity and other variables collected from surface underway observations using carbon dioxide gas analyzer, shower head equilibrator and other instruments from R/V Wecoma in the U.S. West Coast California Current System during the 2011 West Coast Ocean Acidification Cruise (WCOA2011) from 2011-08-12 to 2011-08-30 (NCEI Accession 0123607)
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                date:  2015-01-12
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/4697 Catherine E. Cosca
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                  Anchor:  https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/person/details/4698 Simone R. Alin
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        abstract:  This dataset contains the surface underway pCO2 data of the first dedicated West Coast Ocean Acidification cruise (WCOA2011). The cruise took place August 12-30, 2011 aboard the R/V Wecoma. Ninety-five stations were occupied from northern Washington to southern California along thirteen transect lines. At all stations, CTD casts were conducted, and discrete water samples were collected in Niskin bottles. Underway measurements of pCO2 were collected during the duration of the cruise. The cruise was designed to obtain a synoptic snapshot of key carbon, physical, and biogeochemical parameters as they relate to ocean acidification (OA) in the coastal realm. During the cruise, some of the same transect lines were occupied as during the 2007 West Coast Carbon cruise, as well as many CalCOFI stations. This effort was conducted in support of the coastal monitoring and research objectives of the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP).
        purpose:  The major objectives of the cruise were: 1) To characterize ocean acidification (OA) conditions on the U.S. West Coast; 2) To conduct inter-calibration measurements near other OA observing assets, including gliders and moorings, in the study area, allowing inter-calibration of these autonomous assets with high-quality, ship-based measurements; 3) To provide calibration data needed to develop predictive models for aragonite saturation state, pH, and other important OA indicators in the California Current System, based on widely measured parameters such as salinity, temperature, and oxygen concentration; 4) To examine relationships between processes leading to OA and hypoxia in coastal ecosystems; 5) To conduct biological measurements in conjunction with physical and chemical OA measurements; and 6) To provide scientific information on OA conditions and trends for resource management and decision support.
        credit:  Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (West Coast Ocean Acidification Monitoring Network: Volunteer Observing Ships, OAPFY12.03.PMEL.002)
        credit:  Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (PMEL Sustained OA Data Management (PDM), 20845)
        credit:  Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (Sustained Ocean Acidification Data Management Quality Control Access and Products (Sutton PMEL), 17907)
        credit:  Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (PMEL Data Management Quality Control Access and Products, 13432)
        credit:  Funding Information: NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program (West Coast Ocean Acidification Monitoring Network: Volunteer Observing Ships, OAPFY13.03.PMEL.002)
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                title:  Cosca, Catherine E.; Feely, Richard A.; Alin, Simone R.; Lebon, Geoffrey T. (2014). Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, salinity and other variables collected from underway - surface observations using Barometric pressure sensor, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and other instruments from NOAA Ship Bell M. Shimada in the U.S. West Coast California Current System from 2012-02-20 to 2012-09-16 (NCEI Accession 0115714). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.3334/cdiac/otg.vos_bell_shimada/bs_2012.
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        supplementalInformation:  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS: Simone R. Alin; Richard A. Feely; Lauren W. Juranek. FUNDING AGENCY: NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program (OAP). PROJECT TITLE: Ocean Acidification Monitoring Network: West Coast Hydrographic Cruise. PROJECT ID: OAPFY13.03.PMEL.002. This dataset is related to NCEI accession 0123467.
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                    description:  Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/123607
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Web browser
                    name:  Descriptive Information
                    description:  Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/123607
                    protocol:  HTTPS
                    applicationProfile:  Web browser
                    name:  HTTPS
                    description:  Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download.
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0072/0123607/
                    protocol:  FTP
                    applicationProfile:  Any FTP client
                    name:  FTP
                    description:  These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  NCEI Accession 0123607 v1.1 was published.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2015-01-12T16:32:06Z
                output:  (LE_Source)
                    sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NCEI Accession 0123607 v1.1
                        date:  (CI_Date)
                            date: (inapplicable)
                            dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                        citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                            individualName: (inapplicable)
                            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                    linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0123607/1.1
                                    protocol:  HTTPS
                                    name:  NCEI Accession 0123607 v1.1
                                    description:  published 2015-01-12T16:32:06Z
                                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                            role: (inapplicable)
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: fCO2W@SST; Unit: uatm; Observation type: Surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In situ observation; Measured or calculated: Calculated; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Location of seawater intake: Bow; Depth of seawater intake: 3 meters; Analyzing instrument: Neill Underway pCO2 measuring system (developed by Craig Neill, precursor to General Oceanics 8050). PMEL system ID: PMEL2; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The sampling and analyzing methods of the Neill/General Oceanics Underway pCO2 systems are described in detail in: Pierrot, D.; Neill, C.; Sullivan, K.; Castle, R.; Wanninkhof, R.; Lüger, H.; Johannessen, T.; Olsen, A.; Feely, R.A.; and Cosca, C.E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep-Sea Res., II, v. 56, pp. 512-522.; Equilibrator type: Shower head; Equilibrator volume: ~0.5 L; Is the equilibrator vented or not: Vented; Water flow rate: 3 L/min; Gas flow rate: ~0.8 L/m; How was temperature inside the equilibrator measured: Hart Scientific model 1521 digital thermometer, serial number A68850, with an NIST traceable model 5610 thermistor probe, serial number A690607. Accurate to plus minus 0.01 degrees Celsius.; How was pressure inside the equilibrator measured: Setra 239 differential pressure transducer, accurate to plus minus 0.15 hPa. The equilibrator was passively vented to a secondary equilibrator, and the Licor sample output was vented to the laboratory when CO2 measurements were made, thus equilibrator headspace pressure was assumed to be laboratory pressure. Pressure in the laboratory was measured with a GE Druck barometer, serial number 3054512, with an accuracy of plus minus 0.01 %fs.; Drying method for gas: From Pierrot, et al.: Sample air is dried in a condenser that is cooled to 4-5 oC by a Peltier thermoelectric device. This partially dried air flushes a chamber that is vented and remains at ambient pressure. The dried air inside the chamber is used as the counter flow in the Nafion(Trade Mark) tubing. A vacuum pump pulls the dried air from the chamber first through a fixed restrictor and then through the Nafion(Trade Mark) tubes, thus creating an absolute pressure and corresponding partial pressure gradient for water vapor across the membrane. When atmospheric air is measured, some of the partially dried air (80-100 ml/min) is pushed through a Nafion (trade mark) tube, the analyzer and out a vent instead of flushing the chamber. The headspace gas, when being measured, is circulated in a closed loop through the analyzer at a rate similar to that of the atmospheric air (80-100 ml/min). It is dried first in the condenser, then in a Nafion(Trade Mark) tube prior to entering the analyzer and being returned to the equilibrator. Typically, the water mole fraction (xH2O) in the dried gas is about 2 parts per thousand (ppt), which corresponds to a dew point temperature of about -20 degrees Celsius. The liquid water condensed out of the sample air streams is removed by peristaltic pumps into the vent equilibrator at intervals determined by the user.; SEA CO2 gas detector manufacturer: Licor, Inc; SEA CO2 gas detector model: Licor 6262, IRG3-1285; SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: 0.2 uatm; SEA CO2 gas detector uncertainty: 0.3 uatm for equilibrator measurements, 0.2 uatm for atmospheric measurements; Standardization technique: The system runs a full cycle in approximately 5 hours. The cycle starts with 4 standard gases, then measures 90 surface water samples interspersed with 5 atmospheric samples every 30 minutes. Each new gas is flushed through the Licor Analyzer for 4 minutes prior to a 10 second reading from the analyzer during which the sample cell is open to the atmosphere. Subsequent samples of the same gas are flushed through the Licor Analyzer for 30 seconds prior to a stop-flow measurement.; Standardization frequency: Every 5 hours; Standard gas manufacturer: Standard gases are supplied by NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, in Boulder, CO, and are directly traceable to the WMO scale.; Standard gas concentration: LL83535, 246.77 ppm; LL83519, 348.42 ppm; LL154382, 495 ppm; LL154371, 628.59 ppm; Standard gas uncertainty: 0.01 ppm; Water vapor correction method: Details of the data reduction are described in Pierrot, et.al. (2009).; Temperature correction method: Details of the data reduction are described in Pierrot, et.al. (2009).; At what temperature was pCO2 reported: In situ sea surface temperature; Uncertainty: plus minus 0.01 degrees Celsius; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Method reference: Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., & Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005; Researcher name: Catherine E. Cosca; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Sea surface temperature; Abbreviation: SST(TSG)_C; Unit: degrees Celsius; Observation type: Surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Analyzing instrument: Thermosalinograhs onboard the research vessel; Researcher name: Catherine E. Cosca; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  Parameter or Variable: Sea surface salinity; Abbreviation: SAL(TSG)_PERMIL; Observation type: Surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Analyzing instrument: Thermosalinograhs onboard the research vessel; Researcher name: Catherine E. Cosca; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration .
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) repository
            levelDescription:  (MD_ScopeDescription)
                other:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            processStep:  (LE_ProcessStep)
                description:  NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2015-04-22T00:00:00
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    metadataMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
        maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        maintenanceNote:  Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
        contact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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    acquisitionInformation:  (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            type:  carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
            description:  measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  showerhead equilibrator
            type:  showerhead equilibrator
            description:  extracts dissolved CO2 from water A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
        instrument:  (MI_Instrument)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  thermosalinograph
            type:  thermosalinograph
            description:  automated sea surface temperature and salinity instrument, usually attached to the hull of a ship Thermosalinograph is an automated Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity measurement system making measurement on board a ship using a water intake. [https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/tsg/about.php 2021-01-29]
        platform:  (MI_Platform)
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                code:  R/V WECOMA
            description:  R/V WECOMA is owned by the National Science Foundation and operated under a Cooperative Agreement by Oregon State University, College of Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences.
            instrument: (missing)