Surface underway measurements of seawater and atmospheric fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2), durafet pH (on total scale), temperature and salinity from 11 trans-Pacific crossings onboard container ship Natalie Schulte in the Pacific Ocean from 2010-10-01 to 2012-06-21 (NCEI Accession 0108233)
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title: Surface underway measurements of seawater and atmospheric fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2), durafet pH (on total scale), temperature and salinity from 11 trans-Pacific crossings onboard container ship Natalie Schulte in the Pacific Ocean from 2010-10-01 to 2012-06-21 (NCEI Accession 0108233)
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abstract: This dataset contains data from underway fCO2 (seawater and atmospheric), ISFET-based pH (total scale), temperature and salinity measurements collected during container ship Natalie Schulte 11 trans-Pacific cruises in the Pacific Ocean as part of a ship-of-opportunity (SOOP) time-series. Cruise names and EXPOCODES: NS2010_09 (CYNS20101001), NS2010_11 (CYNS20101125), NS2011_03 (CYNS20110322), NS2011_05 (CYNS20110513), NS2011_07 (CYNS20110709), NS2011_09 (CYNS20110902), NS2011_11 (CYNS20111029), NS2012_01 (CYNS20120124), NS2012_02 (CYNS20120216), NS2012_04 (CYNS20120416), NS2012_06 (CYNS20120608). Since 1992, underway CO2 observations have been made between New Zealand and the U.S. West Coast. In 2010, ISFET-based pH measurements (total scale) were added to this equatorial Pacific SOOP-based time-series. All pH data, when available, are reported on the total scale and at SST. This effort was conducted with the support of NOAA's Ocean Observing and Monitoring Division in the Climate Program Office (CPO) and NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program (OAP).
purpose: The major objectives of the project were to and to continue a time series documenting the distribution of surface and atmospheric fCO2, pH, salinity, temperature, and other parameters, and to characterize and map the key indicators of ocean acidification (OA) across the Pacific Ocean.
credit: Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (PMEL Sustained OA Data Management (PDM), 20845)
credit: Funding Information: NOAA's Climate Program Office and Ocean Acidification Program (Surface Water pCO2 Measurements from Ships; West Coast Ocean Acidification Monitoring Network: Volunteer Observing Ships)
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name: NCEI Accession 0108233 v2.2
description: published 2013-12-20T13:31:10Z
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
role: (inapplicable)
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: NCEI Accession 0108233 was revised and v3.3 was published.
rationale: Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
dateTime:
DateTime: 2017-02-22T12:52:29Z
output: (LE_Source)
sourceCitation: (CI_Citation)
title: NCEI Accession 0108233 v3.3
date: (CI_Date)
date: (inapplicable)
dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
individualName: (inapplicable)
contactInfo: (CI_Contact)
onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0108233/3.3
protocol: HTTPS
name: NCEI Accession 0108233 v3.3
description: published 2017-02-22T12:52:29Z
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
role: (inapplicable)
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: NCEI Accession 0108233 was revised and v4.4 was published.
rationale: Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
dateTime:
DateTime: 2019-12-20T19:51:34Z
output: (LE_Source)
sourceCitation: (CI_Citation)
title: NCEI Accession 0108233 v4.4
date: (CI_Date)
date: (inapplicable)
dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
individualName: (inapplicable)
contactInfo: (CI_Contact)
onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0108233/4.4
protocol: HTTPS
name: NCEI Accession 0108233 v4.4
description: published 2019-12-20T19:51:34Z
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
role: (inapplicable)
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: NCEI Accession 0108233 was revised and v5.5 was published.
rationale: Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession.
dateTime:
DateTime: 2022-01-21T21:15:18Z
output: (LE_Source)
sourceCitation: (CI_Citation)
title: NCEI Accession 0108233 v5.5
date: (CI_Date)
date: (inapplicable)
dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
individualName: (inapplicable)
contactInfo: (CI_Contact)
onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0108233/5.5
protocol: HTTPS
name: NCEI Accession 0108233 v5.5
description: published 2022-01-21T21:15:18Z
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
role: (inapplicable)
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dataQualityInfo: (DQ_DataQuality)
scope: (DQ_Scope)
level: (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
lineage: (LI_Lineage)
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH_TOT_INSITU; pH scale: Total; Observation type: ISFET-based pH measurement, surface underway; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: N/A; Sampling instrument: Ship's underway seawater system; Analyzing instrument: ISFET pH systems including Honeywell Durafet III pH electrode and Orion Chloride Ion Selective Electrode built in Todd Martz's laboratory at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.; Temperature of pH measurement: In situ; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Please refer to the cited methods description file.; Replicate information: N/A; Standardization description: pH data were calibrated using surface bottle measurements collected via the underway analytical system and preserved with mercuric chloride for later analysis in the laboratory at NOAA/PMEL (specifically for dissolved inorganic carbon [DIC] and total alkalinity [TA]).; Standardization frequency: Calibration samples were collected every 6-12 hours, typically resulting in ~30-60 samples per roughly two-week crossing.; pH standard values: N/A; Temperature of standardization: In situ (=SST); Temperature correction method: N/A; At what temperature was pH reported: In situ (=SST); Uncertainty: Accuracy: 0.007; Short term precision (hours): 0.0005; Long term precision (weeks): 0.004; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Method reference: Martz, T. R., J. G. Connery, and K. S. Johnson (2010), Testing the Honeywell Durafet for seawater pH applications, Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods, 8, 172-184, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2010.8.172.; Researcher name: PI: Dr. Simone Alin; Data management, processing, and quality control: Catherine Cosca; Field installation and maintenance: Geoff Lebon; Researcher institution: NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA/PMEL) and University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: fCO2W@SST; Unit: uatm; Observation type: Surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seawater pump; Location of seawater intake: Bow; Analyzing instrument: General Oceanics 8050. PMEL system ID: GO7; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: The sampling and analyzing methods of the Neill/General Oceanics Underway pCO2 systems are described in detail in: Pierrot, D.; Neill, C.; Sullivan, K.; Castle, R.; Wanninkhof, R.; Lüger, H.; Johannessen, T.; Olsen, A.; Feely, R.A.; and Cosca, C.E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep-Sea Res., II, v. 56, pp. 512-522.; Equilibrator type: Shower head; Equilibrator volume: ~0.5 L; Is the equilibrator vented or not: Vented; Water flow rate: 3 L/min; Gas flow rate: ~0.8 L/m; How was temperature inside the equilibrator measured: Hart Scientific model 1521 digital thermometer, serial number A77488, with an NIST traceable model 5610 thermistor probe, serial number A9B0916. Accurate to ± 0.01°C.; How was pressure inside the equilibrator measured: Setra 239 differential pressure transducer, accurate to ± 0.15 hPa. The equilibrator was passively vented to a secondary equilibrator, and the Licor sample output was vented to the laboratory when CO2 measurements were made, thus equilibrator headspace pressure was assumed to be laboratory pressure. Pressure in the laboratory was measured with a GE Druck barometer, serial number 3013024, with an accuracy of ± 0.01 %fs.; Drying method for gas: From Pierrot, et al.: Sample air is dried in a condenser that is cooled to 4-5 °C by a Peltier thermoelectric device. This partially dried air flushes a chamber that is vented and remains at ambient pressure. The dried air inside the chamber is used as the counter flow in the Nafion tubing. A vacuum pump pulls the dried air from the chamber first through a fixed restrictor and then through the Nafion tubes, thus creating an absolute pressure and corresponding partial pressure gradient for water vapor across the membrane. When atmospheric air is measured, some of the partially dried air (80-100 ml/min) is pushed through a Nafion tube, the analyzer and out a vent instead of flushing the chamber. The headspace gas, when being measured, is circulated in a closed loop through the analyzer at a rate similar to that of the atmospheric air (80-100 ml/min). It is dried first in the condenser, then in a Nafion tube prior to entering the analyzer and being returned to the equilibrator. Typically, the water mole fraction (xH2O) in the dried gas is about 2 parts per thousand (ppt), which corresponds to a dew point temperature of about -20 °C. The liquid water condensed out of the sample air streams is removed by peristaltic pumps into the vent equilibrator at intervals determined by the user.; SEA CO2 gas detector manufacturer: Licor, Inc; SEA CO2 gas detector model: Licor 7000, IRG4-0560; SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: 0.2 µatm; SEA CO2 gas detector uncertainty: 0.3 µatm for equilibrator measurements, 0.2 µatm for atmospheric measurements; Standardization technique: The system runs a full cycle in approximately 6 hours. The cycle starts with 4 standard gases, then measures two cylces of 6 atmospheric samples followed by 60 surface water measurements. Each new gas is flushed through the Licor Analyzer for 3 minutes prior to a 10 second reading from the analyzer during which the sample cell is open to the atmosphere. Subsequent samples of the same gas are flushed through the Licor Analyzer for 180 seconds prior to a stop-flow measurement; Standardization frequency: Every 6 hours; Standard gas manufacturer: Standard gases are supplied by NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, in Boulder, CO, and are directly traceable to the WMO scale.; Standard gas concentration: LL70585, 299.64 ppm; LL154364, 398.47 ppm; LL154368, 511.8 ppm; LL70568, 601.75 ppm; Standard gas uncertainty: 0.01 ppm; Water vapor correction method: Details of the data reduction are described in Pierrot, et.al. (2009).; Temperature correction method: Details of the data reduction are described in Pierrot, et.al. (2009).; At what temperature was pCO2 reported: In situ sea surface temperature; Uncertainty: ± 2 µatm; Quality flag convention: WOCE quality control flags are used: 2 = good value, 3 = questionable value, 4 = bad value; Method reference: Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Feely, R. A., & Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005; Researcher name: PI: Dr. Simone Alin; Data management, processing, and quality control: Catherine Cosca; Field installation and maintenance: Geoff Lebon; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Temperature; Abbreviation: SST(TSG)_C; Unit: Degree Celcius; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seabird 38, serial number 3848581-0383; Uncertainty: 0.0025°C.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Salinity; Abbreviation: SAL(TSG)_PERMIL; Unit: permil; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Seabird 45, serial number 4539646-0143; Uncertainty: 0.005 PSU.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Mole fraction of CO2 in the equilibrator headspace (dry) at equilibrator temperature; Abbreviation: xCO2W_ppm; Unit: ppm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Licor 7000, IRG4-0560; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Pierrot et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.3 ppm.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air; Abbreviation: xCO2A_ppm; Unit: ppm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Sampling instrument: Licor 7000, IRG4-0560; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Pierrot et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.2 ppm.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Mole fraction of CO2 measured in dry outside air associated with each water analysis.; Abbreviation: xCO2A_interpolated_ppm; Unit: ppm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: Values are interpolated between measurements of xCO2A_ppm; Sampling instrument: Licor 7000, IRG4-0560; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Pierrot et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.2 ppm.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: Partial pressure and fugacity of CO2 in air corresponding to the interpolated xCO2 (xCO2A_interpolated_ppm) at SST and 100% humidity; Abbreviation: pCO2A_uatm, fCO2A_uatm; Unit: µatm; Observation type: Surface Underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: In-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: Values are interpolated between measurements of xCO2_ATM_ppm; Sampling instrument: Licor 7000, IRG4-0560; Analyzing instrument:; Duration:; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: See Pierrot et al. for details.; Uncertainty: 0.2 µatm .
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dataQualityInfo: (DQ_DataQuality)
scope: (DQ_Scope)
level: (MD_ScopeCode) repository
levelDescription: (MD_ScopeDescription)
other: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
lineage: (LI_Lineage)
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
dateTime:
DateTime: 2015-04-22T00:00:00
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
maintenanceNote: Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
maintenanceNote: NCEI Accession 0108233 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made.
contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
type: carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer
description: measures gaseous carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: showerhead equilibrator
type: showerhead equilibrator
description: extracts dissolved CO2 from water A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside. Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water. To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: thermosalinograph
type: thermosalinograph
description: automated sea surface temperature and salinity instrument, usually attached to the hull of a ship Thermosalinograph is an automated Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity measurement system making measurement on board a ship using a water intake. [https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/tsg/about.php 2021-01-29]
platform: (MI_Platform)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: Natalie Schulte
description: Updated information from ICES for the vessel Nathalie Schulte from CYPRUS. Name : Nathalie Schulte Flag : CYPRUS - CY (ISO Country Code) Call Sign : C4AJ2 Platform Class : Vessel of opportunity on fixed route IMO : 9305881 Commissioned Date : 2010-01-01 Current Length : 207 Built : 2005-01-01 Previous Name (Notes): MAERSK NEUCHATEL Notes : VOS line for marine surface CO2 observations. Additional Information Sources: - http://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/shipdetails.aspx?mmsi=210272000 - http://www.shipspotting.com/gallery/photo.php?lid=574159 - http://www.fleetmon.com/vessels - http://www.containership-info.com/vessel_9305881.html General Comments: MAERSK NEUCHATEL had an incident 23-07-2007 See http://www.stsmarineconsult.dk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3&Itemid=3 Confirmed by NOAA on 20120725.
instrument: (missing)