Sea Ice Extent
September 2018 | Sea Ice Extent | Anomaly 1991-2020 | Trend per decade | Rank (40 years) | Record | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
million km² | million mi² | Year(s) | million km² | million mi² | |||||
Northern Hemisphere | 4.79 | 1.85 | -14.16% | -14.34% | Largest | 34th | 1980 | 7.67 | 2.96 |
Smallest | 7th | 2012 | 3.57 | 1.38 | |||||
Southern Hemisphere | 17.96 | 6.93 | -3.49% | +0.54% | Largest | 37th | 2014 | 19.76 | 7.63 |
Smallest | 4th | 1986 | 17.68 | 6.83 | |||||
Globe | 22.75 | 8.78 | -5.99% | -2.89% | Largest | 38th | 1980 | 26.49 | 10.23 |
Smallest | 3rd | 2016 | 22.68 | 8.76 |
Data Source: National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Period of record: 1979–2018 (40 years)
According to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), the Northern Hemisphere (Arctic) sea ice extent — which is measured from passive microwave instruments onboard NOAA satellites — averaged for September 2018 was 4.71 million square km (1.82 million square miles), 1.70 million square km (656,000 square miles), or 26.5 percent, below the 1981-2010 average. This was the seventh smallest September Arctic sea ice extent on record. This was also 1.14 million square kilometers (440,000 square miles) above the record low recorded for September 2012. The ice contracted at a faster rate early in September, reaching its annual minimum extent on the 19th and again on the 23rd. The double minimum date was due to ice melting in parts of the East Siberian, Laptev, and Chukchi Seas while it was expanding in Beaufort, Kara, and Barents Seas. September Arctic ice extent is decreasing at an average rate of 12.5 percent per decade.
The Arctic sea ice reached its annual minimum extent on September 19th and again on the 23rd at 4.59 million square km (1.77 million square miles). This tied with 2008 and 2010 for the sixth lowest minimum extent in the 40-year satellite record and was 1.20 million square km (463,000 square miles) larger than the record set in 2012. The minimum extent occurred five and nine days later than the 1981-2010 median date. September 23rd is one of the latest dates on record for the minimum to occur.
The September Southern Hemisphere sea ice extent was 17.88 million square km (6.90 million square miles), which was 610,000 square km (240,000 square miles), or 3.3 percent, below the 1981-2010 average. This was the second smallest September Southern Hemisphere sea ice extent on record with only the September extent being smaller in 1986 at 17.68 million square km (6.83 million square miles). Antarctic sea ice expanded erratically during September with ice loss during the first half of the month and ice expanding the second half of the month, reaching the annual maximum extent in early October at the fourth smallest maximum extent. Additional information on the annual maximum will be available in the October report. Southern Hemisphere September sea ice extent is increasing at an average rate of 0.5 percent per decade, with substantial inter-annual variability.
For further information on the Northern and Southern Hemisphere snow and ice conditions, please visit the NSIDC News page.