# Nino 3 Index Reconstruction Data of the Eastern Pacific Ocean from 1408 to 1978 CE #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), # and date accessed when using these downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/6250 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-recon-6250.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction #------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/nino3_recon-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Nino 3 Index Reconstruction Data # # Original_Source_URL: # Original_Source_Description: # #------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2005-01-01 #------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-03-22 #------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Nino 3 Index Reconstruction Data of the Eastern Pacific Ocean from 1408 to 1978 CE #------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Cook, E.R.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7478-4176) #------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Reconstruction of the Nino3 Index of El Nino-Southern Oscillation variability, for the months of December through February each year. 175 chronologies from the southwestern USA and Mexico were screened as potential predictors (lags t; t+1) of the instrumental Nino-3 data in principal component regression. Both the tree-ring and instrumental data were prewhitened using autoregressive modeling, with instrumental persistence added back in to the reconstruction. Series significantly correlated (> 0.05 level) with the instrumental record were used to reconstruct Nino-3 SSTs. A nested procedure (in which the number of chronologies declines back in time) was used to develop the longest possible reconstruction, with iterative nests beginning in 1408, 1507, 1608 and 1709. The final reconstruction was developed by averaging early and late calibration reconstructions within each nest, and splicing these series together after their variance and mean had been adjusted to that of the 1709-1978 nest. All chronologies were compiled from indices of tree growth (primarily ring width) detrended to remove biological trends (Cook 1985). #------------------- # Publication # Authors: D'Arrigo, R., E. Cook, R. Wilson, R. Allan and M. Mann # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Published_Title: On the variability of ENSO over the past six centuries. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2005-02-15 # Volume: 32 # Issue: 3 # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1029/2004GL022055 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The instrumental record is too brief for evaluation of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system and its long-term response to climate forcing. To supplement these data, we use a new reconstruction of December-February Nino-3 sea surface temperatures based on subtropical North American tree-ring records to investigate aspects of ENSO variability over the past six centuries (AD 1408-1978). Spectral analyses reveal that the reconstruction best resolves variability within the "classical" ENSO band of 2-8 years. A low amplitude ENSO epoch in the 17th to 18th centuries broadly coincides with "Little Ice Age" conditions over much of the globe. The detailed behavior shows good agreement with shorter tree-ring reconstructions of ENSO over the past few centuries, but differs at times from other longer coral ENSO records and recent model simulations of past ENSO behavior. We discuss possible reasons for these discrepancies. #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant_Number: #------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Nino3 # Location: Eastern Pacific Ocean # Northernmost_Latitude: 5 # Southernmost_Latitude: -5 # Easternmost_Longitude: -90 # Westernmost_Longitude: -150 # Elevation_m: #------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: DArrigo2005NINO3 # First_Year: 1408 # Last_Year: 1978 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: reconstructions # Notes: #------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Variables format: shortname what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method, C(har) or N(umeric) data,additional information # ## age age,,,year Common Era,,climate reconstructions;tree ring,,,N, ## nino3 Nino 3 sea surface temperature index,ring width,,degree Celsius,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions;tree ring,,,N, #------------------------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: NA age nino3 1408 0.087 1409 0.354 1410 0.422 1411 -0.412 1412 0.96 1413 -0.294 1414 0.775 1415 -0.016 1416 -0.025 1417 -0.122 1418 -0.058 1419 -0.321 1420 -0.102 1421 -0.382 1422 -0.437 1423 -0.576 1424 0.644 1425 0.935 1426 0.155 1427 0.94 1428 0.701 1429 -0.076 1430 -0.128 1431 0.03 1432 0.535 1433 0.292 1434 -0.272 1435 0.073 1436 0.584 1437 -0.563 1438 -0.923 1439 0.349 1440 0.046 1441 0.84 1442 -0.433 1443 -0.373 1444 0.13 1445 -0.113 1446 -0.009 1447 -0.216 1448 -0.06 1449 2.003 1450 -0.19 1451 0.363 1452 -0.118 1453 -0.169 1454 0.206 1455 -0.527 1456 0.369 1457 -0.63 1458 0.619 1459 -0.116 1460 0.709 1461 0.023 1462 0.564 1463 -0.241 1464 -0.896 1465 -0.499 1466 0.377 1467 1.324 1468 -0.367 1469 -0.123 1470 -0.065 1471 -0.632 1472 0.1 1473 0.167 1474 -0.024 1475 -0.799 1476 -0.303 1477 0.373 1478 0.778 1479 -0.424 1480 -0.15 1481 0.581 1482 0.59 1483 -0.005 1484 1.197 1485 0.46 1486 1.006 1487 0.117 1488 -0.317 1489 0.624 1490 0.448 1491 -0.543 1492 0.517 1493 -0.163 1494 -0.533 1495 -0.955 1496 0.211 1497 -0.144 1498 1.046 1499 1.08 1500 -0.521 1501 -0.275 1502 0.148 1503 0.428 1504 0.256 1505 0.457 1506 -0.863 1507 0.587 1508 0.248 1509 0.258 1510 0.134 1511 0.859 1512 0.337 1513 0.167 1514 -0.128 1515 0.031 1516 -0.326 1517 -0.514 1518 0.546 1519 0.812 1520 0.712 1521 -0.133 1522 -0.696 1523 0.07 1524 -0.006 1525 0.022 1526 0.664 1527 0.435 1528 -0.44 1529 0.403 1530 0.657 1531 0.065 1532 -0.231 1533 -0.31 1534 0.443 1535 0.229 1536 0.424 1537 0.262 1538 -0.726 1539 0.935 1540 0.865 1541 -0.246 1542 -1.093 1543 0.24 1544 0.226 1545 0.259 1546 -0.521 1547 0.005 1548 0.027 1549 -0.073 1550 1.054 1551 0.389 1552 0.035 1553 0.653 1554 -0.04 1555 0.053 1556 0.755 1557 -0.14 1558 0.159 1559 0.032 1560 -0.559 1561 -0.206 1562 -0.046 1563 0.409 1564 0.218 1565 0.443 1566 -0.245 1567 -0.462 1568 0.077 1569 0.248 1570 0.349 1571 -0.204 1572 -0.135 1573 -0.627 1574 -0.084 1575 0.185 1576 -0.225 1577 0.132 1578 -0.111 1579 -0.833 1580 -0.419 1581 -0.003 1582 0.2 1583 0.2 1584 -0.928 1585 -0.285 1586 1.035 1587 0.161 1588 0.255 1589 -0.173 1590 -0.347 1591 0.091 1592 0.085 1593 -0.688 1594 0.985 1595 0.529 1596 -0.204 1597 0.152 1598 0.468 1599 0.193 1600 -0.471 1601 -0.213 1602 0.581 1603 0.539 1604 -0.038 1605 -0.034 1606 -0.033 1607 0.086 1608 0.605 1609 0.231 1610 1.054 1611 0.192 1612 -0.478 1613 -0.591 1614 0.381 1615 0.102 1616 0.013 1617 0.205 1618 0.857 1619 -0.142 1620 0.327 1621 0.794 1622 -0.011 1623 -0.594 1624 -0.379 1625 -0.294 1626 -0.481 1627 0.198 1628 0.264 1629 0.436 1630 0.426 1631 -0.311 1632 -0.075 1633 0.288 1634 0.515 1635 0.652 1636 0.5 1637 -0.435 1638 -0.219 1639 0.845 1640 0.839 1641 0.347 1642 0.438 1643 0.284 1644 0.397 1645 -0.388 1646 0.304 1647 0.467 1648 -0.502 1649 0.368 1650 0.371 1651 0.936 1652 0.369 1653 -0.854 1654 -0.712 1655 0.463 1656 0.888 1657 -0.041 1658 0.013 1659 -0.057 1660 0.453 1661 0.767 1662 0.131 1663 -0.219 1664 -0.582 1665 0.089 1666 -0.025 1667 -0.183 1668 -0.695 1669 -0.223 1670 -0.18 1671 0.735 1672 -0.121 1673 0.027 1674 0.556 1675 -0.168 1676 -0.633 1677 0.29 1678 0.199 1679 -0.169 1680 0.558 1681 0.691 1682 0.496 1683 0.036 1684 -0.365 1685 -1.017 1686 0.201 1687 0.794 1688 0.067 1689 0.388 1690 0.266 1691 -0.225 1692 0.341 1693 0.381 1694 0.065 1695 0.695 1696 -0.698 1697 -0.145 1698 -0.176 1699 0.132 1700 0.202 1701 0.412 1702 0.254 1703 -0.266 1704 -0.133 1705 0.086 1706 0.178 1707 -0.401 1708 0.289 1709 -0.136 1710 0.702 1711 0.069 1712 0.377 1713 -0.052 1714 -0.091 1715 -0.133 1716 -0.487 1717 0.187 1718 0.702 1719 0.457 1720 0.349 1721 0.339 1722 -0.032 1723 0.573 1724 0.077 1725 -0.284 1726 1.275 1727 0.748 1728 -0.809 1729 -0.885 1730 -0.049 1731 0.568 1732 0.542 1733 -0.856 1734 -0.38 1735 -0.275 1736 0.514 1737 0.427 1738 0.385 1739 -0.268 1740 -0.155 1741 0.268 1742 -0.144 1743 0.204 1744 0.34 1745 0.592 1746 1.012 1747 1.149 1748 -1.202 1749 0.153 1750 0.286 1751 0.548 1752 -0.758 1753 -0.542 1754 -0.003 1755 0.082 1756 0.269 1757 -0.271 1758 0.248 1759 0.601 1760 0.161 1761 -0.026 1762 0.768 1763 -0.339 1764 -0.171 1765 0.151 1766 0.639 1767 0.375 1768 0.271 1769 0.043 1770 0.373 1771 0.648 1772 0.026 1773 -0.538 1774 0.131 1775 0.177 1776 -0.114 1777 -0.296 1778 -0.28 1779 -0.148 1780 0.097 1781 -0.269 1782 -0.771 1783 0.218 1784 1.205 1785 0.034 1786 -0.406 1787 0.038 1788 0.222 1789 -0.209 1790 -0.462 1791 0.918 1792 1.07 1793 0.663 1794 -0.273 1795 -0.118 1796 0.192 1797 0.066 1798 -0.246 1799 0.446 1800 0.823 1801 -0.345 1802 -0.145 1803 0.22 1804 0.87 1805 -0.251 1806 -0.424 1807 0.361 1808 -0.129 1809 0.201 1810 0.069 1811 -0.226 1812 0.081 1813 -0.401 1814 0.475 1815 0.666 1816 1.061 1817 0.209 1818 -0.599 1819 -0.661 1820 -0.701 1821 0.266 1822 0.01 1823 -0.464 1824 0.172 1825 0.552 1826 0.161 1827 0.461 1828 0.499 1829 -0.047 1830 -0.109 1831 0.08 1832 0.735 1833 0.774 1834 0.097 1835 -0.035 1836 -0.317 1837 0.671 1838 0.76 1839 0.789 1840 0.112 1841 -0.412 1842 -0.586 1843 -0.155 1844 0.326 1845 0.216 1846 0.124 1847 -0.669 1848 0.402 1849 0.623 1850 0.193 1851 -0.504 1852 0.621 1853 0.538 1854 -0.06 1855 0.015 1856 0.573 1857 -0.361 1858 0.24 1859 -0.313 1860 -0.398 1861 0.241 1862 -0.296 1863 -0.415 1864 -0.446 1865 0.252 1866 0.555 1867 0.357 1868 0.189 1869 0.869 1870 -0.199 1871 -0.869 1872 -0.497 1873 -0.251 1874 0.301 1875 0.335 1876 -0.309 1877 0.332 1878 0.447 1879 -0.031 1880 -1.007 1881 0.006 1882 0.464 1883 -0.231 1884 0.231 1885 1.066 1886 0.017 1887 -0.815 1888 0.395 1889 1.137 1890 -0.479 1891 0.363 1892 0.561 1893 -0.764 1894 -0.479 1895 0.369 1896 0.053 1897 0.659 1898 0.199 1899 -0.594 1900 0.308 1901 0.658 1902 -0.706 1903 0.406 1904 -0.628 1905 0.768 1906 0.799 1907 0.585 1908 0.656 1909 -0.054 1910 -0.47 1911 0.057 1912 0.936 1913 0.812 1914 0.661 1915 0.661 1916 0.121 1917 0.167 1918 -0.599 1919 1.027 1920 1.044 1921 0.09 1922 -0.679 1923 0.007 1924 0.573 1925 -0.922 1926 0.942 1927 0.357 1928 0.078 1929 -0.544 1930 0.223 1931 1.105 1932 0.282 1933 -0.387 1934 -0.397 1935 0.057 1936 0.096 1937 -0.018 1938 0.236 1939 -0.302 1940 0.217 1941 0.938 1942 0.669 1943 -0.583 1944 0.211 1945 0.267 1946 -0.777 1947 0.069 1948 0.505 1949 0.305 1950 -0.474 1951 -0.622 1952 0.269 1953 -0.104 1954 -0.249 1955 -0.373 1956 -0.778 1957 -0.252 1958 0.755 1959 -0.121 1960 -0.356 1961 -0.428 1962 0.213 1963 -0.253 1964 0.244 1965 0.125 1966 0.523 1967 -0.595 1968 0.171 1969 0.477 1970 0.113 1971 -1.154 1972 -0.244 1973 1.126 1974 -0.611 1975 -0.094 1976 -0.217 1977 0.239 1978 0.352