# Bonney - UTM A (Site 03) - QURU - ITRDB CANA657 #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/36602 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-tree-36602.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Tree Ring # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: trends, Vegetation Reconstruction #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/canada/cana657-rwl-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File; cana657-rwl-noaa.txt # # Related_Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/canada/cana657.rwl # Related_Online_Description: RWL File; Raw Measurements - Tucson Decadal File # # Supplemental_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/cana657.txt # Supplemental_Description: Text File; Correlation Stats # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2022-06-17 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-06-17 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Bonney - UTM A (Site 03) - QURU - ITRDB CANA657 #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Bonney, M.T.; He, H. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2022-09-08. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Mitchell T. Bonney and Yuhong He # Journal_Name: International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation # Published_Title: Temporal connections between long-term Landsat time-series and tree-rings in an urban-rural temperate forest # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021 # Volume: 103 # Pages: # Issue: # Report_Number: 102523 # DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102523 # Full_Citation: None # Abstract: Time-series of satellite-derived vegetation proxies and tree-rings widths (TRW) are similar, providing temporal records of forest productivity change from different perspectives and processes. Previous research on this relationship has focused on temperature or moisture limited coniferous forests, using lower spatial resolution (e.g., 8000 m) satellites and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to test relationships over 15-30 years. There is an opportunity to leverage recent advances in building Landsat (30 m) time-series to expand comparisons into new forest types (e.g., coniferous vs. deciduous), areas (e.g., fragmented forests) and over longer periods (e.g., nearly 50 years). However, a better understanding of factors that influence relationship strength is required. We compared tree-ring measurements, converted to a ring width index (RWI), and Landsat tasseled cap angle (TCA) derived canopy cover (CC) from 1972 to 2018 across 16 deciduous, mixed, and coniferous stands in southern Ontario, Canada. For all chronologies, overall relationship strength was assessed with correlation approaches (RWI-CC, both vs. climate), and shorter-term increase-decline trends were compared with segmented regression. There were significant forest type differences, with coniferous chronologies correlating stronger with CC than deciduous. Deciduous chronologies and CC had opposite connections with summer temperature, with climate warming increasing CC and coniferous RWI but not deciduous RWI from 1980 to 2010. More recent decline at most sites appears related to a major ice storm, but multiple factors may be coexisting. We tested the utility of tree-rings for validating nearly 50 years of Landsat-observed change in urban-rural temperate forests, identifying useful connections at coniferous sites. However, there are limitations to comparing long-term Landsat time-series (based on yearly summer data) with annual tree-ring growth. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) # Grant: RGPIN-386183 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Postgraduate Fellowship # Grant: #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Centre for Urban Environments # Grant: #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: UTM A (Site 03) # Location: Canada # Northernmost_Latitude: 43.552778 # Southernmost_Latitude: 43.552778 # Easternmost_Longitude: -79.663611 # Westernmost_Longitude: -79.663611 # Elevation_m: 128 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: CANA657 # First_Year: 1898 # Last_Year: 2018 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: ring width # Notes: None #-------------------- # Species # Species_Name: Quercus rubra L. # Common_Name: red oak # Tree_Species_Code: QURU #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables format: shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,tree ring,,,N, ## 0311a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0311a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0311b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0311b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0318a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0318a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0318b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0318b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0319a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0319a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0319b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0319b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0301a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0301a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0301b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0301b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0321a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0321a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0321b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0321b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0323a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0323a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0323b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0323b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0325a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0325a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0325b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0325b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0327a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0327a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0327b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0327b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0303a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0303a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0303b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0303b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0305a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0305a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0305b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0305b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0306a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0306a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0306b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0306b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0309a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0309a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0309b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0309b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 #--------------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: NA age_CE 0311a_raw 0311b_raw 0318a_raw 0318b_raw 0319a_raw 0319b_raw 0301a_raw 0301b_raw 0321a_raw 0321b_raw 0323a_raw 0323b_raw 0325a_raw 0325b_raw 0327a_raw 0327b_raw 0303a_raw 0303b_raw 0305a_raw 0305b_raw 0306a_raw 0306b_raw 0309a_raw 0309b_raw 1898 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.84 1899 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.455 1900 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.932 1901 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.609 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.381 NA NA NA NA NA 3.52 1902 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.816 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.152 NA NA NA NA NA 3.644 1903 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.466 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.819 NA NA NA NA NA 3.82 1904 NA NA NA NA 2.798 NA NA NA 3.457 3.315 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.119 NA NA NA NA NA 3.604 1905 NA NA NA NA 2.666 NA NA NA 3.301 3.759 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.035 NA NA NA NA NA 3.926 1906 NA NA NA NA 3.166 3.141 NA NA 4.274 4.18 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.369 NA NA NA NA NA 4.542 1907 NA NA NA NA 3.768 2.305 NA NA 2.999 2.864 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.101 NA NA NA NA NA 3.464 1908 NA NA NA NA 3.422 2.919 NA NA 3.657 2.922 NA NA NA NA NA 3.503 NA 2.311 NA NA NA NA NA 4.051 1909 NA NA NA NA 2.41 1.767 NA NA 2.721 2.086 NA NA NA NA NA 3.399 NA 2.454 NA NA NA NA 3.697 3.257 1910 NA NA NA NA 2.604 2.342 NA NA 2.912 2.14 NA NA NA NA NA 2.797 NA 2.128 NA NA NA NA 4.051 3.558 1911 NA NA NA 4.878 2.132 2.39 NA NA 2.892 2.499 NA NA NA NA NA 2.59 NA 2.754 NA NA NA NA 4.075 3.67 1912 NA NA NA 4.516 2.307 2.554 NA NA 3.29 2.926 1.583 1.173 NA NA 2.704 3.113 NA 2.425 NA NA NA NA 3.74 3.446 1913 NA NA NA 4.596 1.757 1.949 NA NA 2.487 2.476 1.126 0.733 NA NA 2.21 2.162 NA 2.135 2.35 NA NA NA 3.252 2.699 1914 NA NA NA 3.796 2.185 1.747 NA NA 2.937 2.457 1.48 1.024 NA NA 1.744 1.954 NA 1.883 2.732 NA NA NA 3.43 3.559 1915 NA NA 2.448 3.045 1.406 1.386 NA NA 2.892 2.519 0.98 0.842 NA NA 1.574 1.486 NA 1.634 2.033 NA NA NA 3.967 3.789 1916 NA NA 1.792 2.133 1.011 1.198 NA NA 2.529 2.331 0.637 0.593 NA NA 0.724 0.898 NA 1.183 1.333 NA 0.816 NA 2.577 3.027 1917 NA NA 1.996 2.131 0.638 0.748 NA 2.211 2.777 2.181 0.509 0.487 NA NA 0.628 0.779 NA 1.201 1.283 NA 0.621 NA 2.105 2.815 1918 NA NA 2.366 2.069 0.555 0.526 NA 2.488 2.216 1.846 0.464 0.632 NA NA 0.55 0.774 NA 1.374 1.344 NA 0.823 NA 1.864 2.254 1919 NA NA 2.462 1.879 0.971 0.723 NA 2.169 2.108 1.943 0.558 0.502 NA NA 0.728 0.923 NA 1.363 1.376 NA 1.078 NA 1.689 2.053 1920 NA NA 2.235 2.069 1.748 1.118 NA 2.732 2.518 2.794 0.794 1.049 NA NA 1.222 1.289 NA 1.45 1.875 NA 1.563 NA 2.435 2.752 1921 NA NA 3.114 2.495 1.424 1.161 NA 3.32 2.339 2.676 0.919 0.921 NA NA 1.844 1.837 NA 1.933 2.466 NA 2.227 NA 2.507 2.762 1922 NA NA 3.135 2.226 1.356 1.266 3.779 3.325 2.553 3.43 1.266 1.22 NA NA 2.186 1.795 NA 1.578 2.826 NA 2.5 NA 2.432 2.763 1923 NA NA 3.029 2.305 1.291 1.093 2.936 2.838 2.17 2.895 1.148 1.033 NA NA 1.742 1.254 NA 1.283 2.851 NA 2.517 1.672 2.429 2.466 1924 NA NA 3.542 2.554 1.176 1.152 3.14 3.165 2.454 3.061 1.567 1.864 NA 3.058 2.146 1.626 NA 1.801 3.144 NA 2.851 1.904 2.372 2.54 1925 NA NA 3.41 3.267 1.128 0.961 3.277 3.631 2.063 2.851 1.421 1.876 NA 3.045 2.622 1.811 NA 2.108 2.943 NA 2.853 2.058 2.126 2.244 1926 NA NA 3.467 3.263 1.27 1.302 3.908 3.616 2.713 3.179 1.87 1.896 NA 3.672 2.637 2.017 NA 2.066 3.304 NA 3.083 2.494 2.571 2.889 1927 NA NA 3.537 3.415 1.405 1.639 3.101 4.172 2.681 2.878 2.033 2.093 5.791 4.826 2.393 1.402 NA 1.841 3.552 NA 2.952 3.072 2.759 2.928 1928 NA NA 3.394 3.116 1.92 1.977 3.621 3.873 2.492 3.07 2.08 2.152 6.516 4.865 1.56 1.141 NA 1.672 3.299 NA 2.487 2.47 3.011 2.724 1929 NA NA 2.932 2.703 1.796 1.586 3.04 4.372 2.065 2.562 2.105 1.995 4.832 4.046 1.407 1.108 NA 1.499 2.636 NA 2.528 2.324 2.682 2.635 1930 NA NA 3.039 2.344 1.542 1.435 2.292 3.98 2.109 2.404 1.884 2.032 4.514 3.446 1.631 1.074 NA 1.391 2.296 NA 2.328 1.849 2.47 2.513 1931 NA NA 3.697 2.918 2.105 1.878 2.466 4.583 2.74 2.776 2.338 2.076 6.004 3.879 2.171 1.41 NA 1.431 3.039 NA 3.059 2.59 3.134 3.017 1932 NA NA 4.635 2.641 1.93 1.682 3.258 4.741 2.292 2.572 2.324 2.761 5.436 2.925 2.583 1.836 NA 1.996 3.006 NA 2.98 2.528 3.1 2.826 1933 NA NA 4.075 2.424 1.563 1.314 3.326 4.119 1.915 1.958 2.3 2.345 4.147 2.135 2.71 2.131 3.764 1.804 3.007 NA 2.547 2.206 2.634 2.7 1934 2.655 NA 3.274 1.63 1.773 1.214 2.412 3.315 1.813 1.799 1.994 2.24 3.307 1.869 2.678 2.279 3.819 1.976 2.872 NA 2.243 2.055 2.165 2.169 1935 3.113 2.769 3.62 2.651 2.139 1.54 2.129 3.366 2.182 2.25 2.422 2.839 3.517 2.569 3.144 2.834 3.908 1.55 2.807 NA 2.518 2.868 2.265 1.95 1936 2.468 2.214 3.153 1.598 1.643 1.142 1.744 2.71 1.916 1.705 1.993 2.459 2.762 2.108 2.752 2.337 3.183 1.791 2.498 3.019 2.299 2.02 1.668 1.682 1937 2.761 2.846 3.612 1.871 1.942 1.473 2.353 4.307 2.233 2.256 2.372 2.459 3.325 3.058 4.418 3.497 4.835 1.902 2.974 4.138 2.464 3.609 1.815 1.832 1938 3.297 3.498 3.704 2.228 1.749 1.399 4.045 4.054 2.36 3.026 2.107 2.633 4.115 3.435 5.072 3.777 4.438 2.335 3.852 4.672 3.643 3.974 2.264 2.265 1939 3.518 4.213 3.506 1.633 2.026 1.454 3.432 3.252 2.54 2.356 2.256 2.663 4.227 3.239 4.986 3.467 5.037 2.407 3.821 4.828 4.29 4.148 2.062 2.474 1940 4.007 3.786 3.643 2.093 2.226 1.912 3.628 4.444 2.86 3.463 2.48 2.316 4.78 3.789 4.244 3.011 4.154 1.895 3.99 4.805 3.712 4.397 2.848 3.402 1941 2.85 2.783 2.281 1.474 1.539 1.248 2.082 2.86 2.412 2.375 1.333 1.625 3.036 2.159 2.846 1.978 2.665 1.222 2.881 3.372 2.176 2.628 1.685 1.737 1942 3.933 3.412 2.235 1.806 1.792 1.724 2.674 4.165 2.594 3.006 1.962 2.499 4.037 2.689 3.556 3.06 3.549 1.682 4.131 3.84 2.552 3.905 2.422 2.312 1943 3.896 3.813 2.182 1.969 1.728 1.65 2.32 3.631 2.627 2.629 1.704 2.102 3.722 2.243 3.176 2.608 3.881 1.394 4.266 3.989 2.7 4.192 1.875 1.784 1944 3.898 3.601 2.573 1.938 1.822 1.897 2.627 3.396 2.339 2.797 1.731 1.952 3.871 2.255 3.408 2.452 2.602 1.274 4.045 3.845 2.454 3.445 1.709 1.972 1945 3.439 3.352 2.702 1.954 2.03 1.941 2.034 2.475 2.222 3.008 1.374 1.781 4.909 3.545 3.715 2.786 2.357 1.264 4.426 4.005 2.534 3.27 1.689 1.822 1946 4.156 3.632 2.893 1.842 2.428 2.143 2.169 2.514 2.787 3.425 1.573 1.826 4.229 3.821 4.044 3.39 3.1 1.406 5.059 4.967 3.068 3.704 2.014 2.135 1947 4.459 4.507 2.86 2.587 2.8 2.343 3.139 3.625 3.415 3.924 2.407 2.407 4.151 3.926 4.36 3.758 2.895 1.651 5.07 5.307 3.53 4.08 2.298 2.056 1948 4.137 3.994 2.787 2.001 2.463 2.144 2.588 2.307 2.546 3.368 1.706 1.761 3.608 2.877 2.904 2.565 2.489 1.313 3.72 4.275 2.748 3.1 1.923 1.884 1949 2.654 3.166 2.277 1.586 1.511 1.318 1.624 1.24 1.833 2.136 1.716 1.538 2.402 1.931 1.357 1.417 1.257 0.699 1.767 2.026 1.065 1.378 1.246 1.208 1950 2.882 3.563 2.184 1.662 1.557 1.438 1.677 1.644 2.159 2.199 1.278 1.374 2.98 2.032 1.747 1.369 2.006 0.975 2.213 2.2 1.601 1.933 1.194 1.524 1951 3.652 4.181 3.008 1.98 1.877 1.654 1.413 1.628 1.799 2.117 1.638 1.666 2.902 1.995 1.664 1.357 1.915 1.1 1.63 1.721 1.162 1.341 2.175 1.649 1952 3.46 3.424 2.997 1.917 1.668 1.626 1.58 1.658 2.148 2.111 1.292 1.331 3.206 2.203 1.939 1.277 1.997 1.293 1.947 2.102 1.209 1.371 1.721 1.492 1953 3.07 3.239 2.898 1.889 1.725 1.53 1.633 1.459 2.043 2.128 1.302 1.46 2.534 1.842 1.665 1.341 1.774 1.197 1.896 1.97 0.955 1.17 1.942 1.345 1954 2.925 2.563 3.257 1.845 1.831 1.632 1.829 1.846 1.789 1.9 1.08 1.176 2.581 1.874 2.085 1.838 2.417 1.293 2.413 2.265 1.668 1.771 1.786 1.439 1955 3.759 3.061 3.975 2.248 2.035 1.636 2.085 1.991 1.894 2.277 0.942 1.132 3.155 1.915 2.551 2.065 2.784 1.728 3.621 2.837 1.866 2.08 2.097 1.453 1956 3.424 3.115 3.641 2.352 2.099 2.167 2.265 2.248 1.82 2.477 1.397 1.112 2.782 2.202 2.367 1.904 3.204 1.843 3.42 2.775 2.026 2.48 1.858 1.345 1957 3.077 3.202 3.033 2.037 1.848 2.003 2.317 2.296 1.842 1.894 1.292 0.925 2.705 2.349 2.525 2.265 2.33 1.783 2.89 2.424 2.173 2.298 1.624 1.124 1958 2.936 2.624 2.245 1.374 1.784 1.5 1.358 1.209 1.661 1.589 1.196 0.899 2.639 2.162 1.77 1.453 1.814 1.02 1.907 1.901 1.621 1.907 1.404 1.028 1959 1.516 1.231 1.005 0.984 0.943 1.093 0.958 0.922 0.943 1.048 0.55 0.591 1.341 1.292 0.838 0.776 0.867 0.636 1.081 1.038 0.827 0.831 0.798 0.498 1960 2.037 1.745 0.984 0.774 0.807 1.002 0.575 0.479 0.953 0.859 0.7 0.66 1.11 0.985 0.712 0.675 0.889 0.509 1.174 1.049 0.554 0.641 0.957 0.678 1961 3.007 2.807 1.186 0.91 1.391 1.112 0.64 0.542 1.354 1.419 1.058 0.979 1.794 1.589 0.977 0.804 1.071 0.625 1.228 1.026 0.44 0.859 1.116 0.869 1962 2.956 2.788 1.555 1.111 1.764 2.11 0.691 0.477 1.249 1.327 1.566 1.151 1.753 1.693 1.198 0.997 1.729 1.122 1.513 1.093 1.127 0.94 1.149 1.007 1963 3.098 2.778 1.716 1.524 1.784 1.962 0.765 0.678 1.303 1.434 1.207 1.007 1.771 1.78 1.724 1.351 2.114 1.292 1.812 1.228 0.924 1.073 1.175 1.069 1964 3.5 3.141 2.371 1.926 2.203 2.338 0.971 0.973 1.611 1.92 1.113 1.03 2.879 2.75 2.23 2.03 2.981 1.852 2.35 1.863 1.443 1.702 1.512 1.144 1965 2.812 2.737 2.403 1.895 2.318 2.681 1.256 1.367 1.153 1.37 1.347 1.284 2.286 2.238 2.205 2.389 3.582 1.894 2.478 2.054 1.68 2.054 1.155 0.858 1966 2.784 2.42 2.106 1.714 1.737 1.857 1.135 1.24 1.24 1.398 1.281 1.127 2.106 2.088 1.965 2.246 3.283 1.503 2.307 3.006 1.563 2.323 1.224 1.039 1967 3.402 2.806 2.181 2.436 1.782 2.401 1.613 1.675 1.483 1.797 1.557 1.254 2.106 2.362 2.253 2.005 2.534 1.589 2.715 1.937 2.008 2.121 1.244 1.196 1968 3.445 2.958 2.847 2.446 2.156 2.211 1.753 1.919 1.435 1.859 1.76 1.561 2.71 2.837 2.38 1.622 2.68 1.968 2.982 2.149 1.912 2.093 1.158 0.997 1969 2.91 2.239 2.117 1.812 1.618 1.749 1.24 1.445 1.217 1.317 1.655 1.638 2.288 1.832 2.255 1.532 2.706 1.24 2.541 2.095 1.617 2.011 0.915 0.997 1970 1.978 1.612 1.114 1.217 1.002 1.112 0.766 0.964 0.946 1.15 0.933 0.874 1.228 1.123 1.207 1.002 1.419 0.996 1.429 1.143 1.044 1.096 0.693 0.722 1971 2.549 2.283 1.397 1.535 1.17 1.243 0.986 1.114 1.072 1.251 1.104 1.057 1.663 1.706 1.266 1.287 1.545 0.91 1.919 1.589 0.985 1.327 0.892 0.839 1972 2.934 2.439 1.97 2.202 1.486 1.401 1.341 1.219 1.186 1.538 1.369 1.256 1.716 1.601 1.389 1.312 1.535 1.038 1.907 1.747 1.228 1.536 1.547 1.125 1973 2.853 2.431 1.915 2.01 1.736 1.674 1.345 1.355 1.081 1.381 1.608 1.737 1.706 1.747 1.662 1.467 1.727 1.047 1.812 1.737 1.385 1.56 1.157 1.01 1974 2.849 2.172 1.683 1.877 1.513 1.597 1.371 1.453 0.963 1.172 1.599 1.678 1.793 1.864 1.095 1.111 1.376 0.805 1.379 1.238 1.217 1.36 1.154 1.03 1975 3.098 3 1.981 2.094 1.33 1.355 1.738 1.853 1.432 1.431 2.274 1.657 1.737 1.82 1.353 1.347 2.329 1.429 2.192 2 1.191 1.256 1.23 1.178 1976 3.133 2.476 2.076 2.245 1.443 1.832 1.928 1.793 1.397 1.561 1.582 1.808 2.193 2.151 1.436 1.467 2.638 1.506 2.568 2.392 1.491 1.95 1.417 1.156 1977 3.955 2.632 2.667 2.451 2.545 3.022 2.172 2.203 1.355 1.746 1.972 1.935 2.774 2.629 2.302 1.642 3.499 1.953 4.3 3.303 2.44 2.92 1.528 1.068 1978 3.209 2.058 2.611 1.884 1.782 2.149 2.243 2.129 1.238 1.535 1.622 1.827 2.074 2.124 1.7 1.452 3.032 1.617 2.886 2.817 2.146 2.353 1.275 1.078 1979 3.766 2.622 2.393 2.195 1.898 2.008 1.815 1.611 1.397 1.767 1.582 1.768 2.085 2.112 1.674 1.422 1.891 1.418 2.106 2.075 1.639 1.838 1.388 0.974 1980 3.941 2.353 2.383 2.097 1.78 1.701 1.46 1.397 1.188 1.546 1.56 1.637 2.138 1.772 1.104 0.944 1.495 1.1 1.613 1.883 1.338 1.453 1.431 1.061 1981 3.799 2.137 2.31 1.895 1.751 1.717 1.622 1.46 1.239 1.312 1.738 1.731 2.064 1.72 1.391 1.393 1.687 1.781 1.871 1.884 1.591 1.74 1.214 0.963 1982 3.644 2.818 2.456 2.632 2.535 2.343 2.977 2.63 1.547 1.548 2.166 2.594 2.647 2.23 2.03 2.353 2.413 2.65 2.968 2.869 2.457 2.488 1.544 1.651 1983 2.362 1.992 1.631 1.687 1.459 1.306 1.93 1.43 1.197 1.25 1.422 1.536 1.758 1.497 1.334 1.641 1.434 1.694 2.289 1.896 1.428 1.679 0.912 0.818 1984 2.416 2.162 1.462 1.59 1.492 1.348 1.547 1.143 1.315 1.337 1.301 1.73 1.799 1.371 1.05 1.632 1.279 1.376 1.989 2.279 1.329 1.631 1.001 0.995 1985 2.396 2.37 1.387 1.493 1.558 1.337 1.562 1.566 1.164 1.082 1.708 1.853 2.054 1.813 1.137 1.852 1.712 1.936 2.276 2.384 1.59 1.958 0.85 0.778 1986 2.609 2.264 1.376 1.782 1.42 1.287 1.317 1.461 1.164 1.303 1.379 1.589 2.064 1.717 0.957 1.412 1.365 1.557 2.297 2.387 1.444 2.093 0.876 0.741 1987 2.251 2.257 1.228 1.298 1.242 1.283 1.132 1.344 1.072 1.135 1.397 1.496 1.577 1.452 1.146 1.536 1.217 1.239 1.919 2.011 1.24 1.902 0.87 0.732 1988 2.456 2.186 1.673 1.836 1.486 1.709 1.842 1.831 1.196 1.323 1.549 1.65 1.725 1.773 1.642 2.014 1.229 1.42 2.142 2.558 1.758 2.045 0.871 0.668 1989 2.898 2.848 2.349 1.906 1.996 1.91 1.867 1.968 1.398 1.737 2.281 2.277 1.706 1.45 1.45 1.781 1.685 1.857 2.678 2.674 2.017 2.673 1.34 0.987 1990 2.693 3.059 1.938 1.987 1.705 1.437 2.631 2.255 1.503 1.579 2.053 1.971 2.054 1.916 1.647 2.331 1.812 1.662 2.869 3.194 1.981 2.44 1.263 1.082 1991 2.645 2.695 1.99 1.682 1.937 1.592 1.842 1.916 1.144 1.482 1.938 1.83 1.958 2.043 1.569 1.705 1.418 1.155 2.477 2.577 1.889 2.469 1.171 0.891 1992 2.098 2.394 1.757 1.658 1.833 1.526 1.982 1.812 1.07 1.325 1.569 1.681 1.598 1.767 1.716 1.859 1.388 1.142 2.497 2.601 1.655 2.493 0.96 0.747 1993 2.732 4.028 2.053 2.211 2.355 2.231 2.483 2.529 1.524 1.883 2.478 2.331 2.582 2.614 2.257 2.566 1.885 1.727 3.23 3.483 2.865 4.074 1.485 1.154 1994 2.359 2.777 1.81 1.891 1.778 1.45 1.935 1.896 1.451 1.76 1.42 1.285 1.863 2.075 1.821 1.854 1.267 0.922 2.329 2.86 2.427 3.269 1.154 0.699 1995 1.597 1.605 0.922 1.235 1.381 1.122 1.055 1.174 1.026 0.975 0.837 0.902 1.217 1.239 0.894 1.009 0.866 0.584 1.259 1.549 1.385 1.601 0.646 0.539 1996 1.989 1.699 0.857 1.157 0.764 0.92 1.319 1.315 0.679 0.786 0.793 0.714 1.272 1.176 0.85 0.849 0.82 0.627 0.995 1.148 1.073 1.232 0.626 0.445 1997 1.535 1.536 0.889 1.522 1.123 1.122 1.161 1.428 0.889 1.144 1.2 0.964 1.386 1.503 0.925 1.109 0.722 0.598 1.323 1.724 1.13 1.283 0.745 0.587 1998 1.602 1.453 0.849 1.138 0.944 1.027 0.786 1.081 0.804 0.794 1.037 0.847 1.101 1.217 0.71 0.628 0.755 0.636 1.06 1.314 1.04 0.99 0.817 0.457 1999 2.013 1.996 0.963 1.448 0.987 1 1.108 1.292 1.058 1.018 1.187 0.826 1.356 1.354 1.117 0.942 0.868 0.778 1.229 1.604 1.033 0.991 0.756 0.53 2000 1.312 1.208 0.667 1.125 1.111 0.986 1.065 0.985 1.04 1.186 1.199 0.984 1.293 1.651 0.901 0.911 1.007 0.828 1.419 1.646 0.781 1.063 0.579 0.478 2001 1.926 2.16 1.251 1.735 1.727 1.741 1.499 1.948 1.239 1.365 1.778 1.811 1.955 2.065 1.417 1.752 1.364 1.265 2.248 2.86 1.823 2.282 0.924 0.838 2002 2.325 2.468 1.27 1.885 1.869 1.639 1.4 1.937 1.494 1.906 1.608 1.666 2.048 2.074 1.526 2.041 1.122 1.086 2.042 2.489 2.034 2.702 0.774 0.613 2003 2.382 2.604 0.837 1.539 1.591 1.567 1.103 2.01 1.388 1.454 1.419 1.488 1.461 1.685 1.728 1.989 1.04 1.042 1.598 2.192 2.292 3.118 0.534 0.555 2004 2.564 3.262 1.005 2.143 2.291 2.226 1.856 2.654 1.543 1.896 2.002 1.69 2.135 2.382 2.27 2.66 1.148 1.09 2.267 3.075 3.115 3.65 0.622 0.784 2005 2.135 2.902 0.984 1.962 1.579 1.959 1.483 2.046 1.474 1.614 1.27 1.353 1.57 2.066 2.133 2.185 1.092 0.9 1.873 2.472 2.25 2.557 0.648 0.668 2006 2.025 2.776 1.344 1.979 1.589 2 1.662 1.938 1.366 1.802 1.65 1.579 1.652 2 2.163 2.081 1.183 1.047 1.831 2.407 2.408 2.851 0.728 0.752 2007 1.751 2.54 1.356 1.725 1.557 1.746 1.811 2.076 1.373 1.288 1.429 1.609 1.576 2.066 2.098 1.825 1.173 0.975 1.747 2.244 2.046 2.387 0.66 0.742 2008 2.144 3.05 1.006 1.811 2.204 2.646 1.636 2.132 1.725 1.961 1.704 2.024 1.873 2.366 2.404 2.334 1.285 1.08 1.788 2.538 2.342 3.105 0.925 0.774 2009 2.721 3.788 1.398 1.997 2.742 2.995 1.988 3.155 1.801 2.098 2.085 2.55 2.09 2.847 2.618 2.848 1.638 1.132 2.468 3.315 3.186 4.044 0.858 0.992 2010 1.805 2.17 1.071 1.75 1.524 1.514 1.102 1.569 1.14 1.494 0.968 1.194 1.623 2.117 1.895 1.751 0.806 0.699 1.721 2.074 2.064 2.093 0.609 0.657 2011 1.763 1.942 1.188 1.749 1.577 1.526 1.23 1.209 1.118 1.397 1.304 1.24 1.66 2.139 2.033 1.972 0.891 1.026 1.483 1.984 1.852 2.096 0.585 0.761 2012 2.006 2.275 1.375 1.784 2.011 1.793 1.406 1.65 1.349 2.053 1.598 1.605 1.797 2.275 2.329 2.273 0.966 0.635 1.435 2.034 1.748 2.559 0.747 0.845 2013 2.787 2.914 1.693 1.975 2.584 2.662 1.991 2.011 1.783 2.506 2.292 1.909 2.35 2.112 2.711 2.813 1.181 0.979 1.602 2.544 2.556 3.515 0.811 0.795 2014 2.555 3.453 1.858 2.015 2.582 2.738 2.118 2.302 1.7 2.117 2.05 2.172 2.08 2.763 2.561 2.692 1.478 0.827 1.774 2.962 3.022 3.452 0.925 1.025 2015 2.277 2.912 1.851 2.234 2.477 2.283 2.858 2.246 1.462 2.047 1.969 1.874 2.278 2.529 2.826 2.802 1.179 0.861 1.557 3.08 2.678 3.479 0.823 0.868 2016 1.757 2.076 1.182 1.383 1.555 1.767 1.574 1.624 1.029 1.422 1.381 1.316 1.817 1.917 1.77 NA 0.941 0.584 1.183 1.693 1.576 1.753 0.663 0.606 2017 1.069 1.333 0.83 1.117 1.154 1.384 1.097 1.113 0.895 1.297 1.164 1.007 1.109 1.61 1.164 NA 0.787 0.563 0.838 1.257 1.102 1.617 0.637 0.545 2018 1.947 2.18 1.656 2.079 1.418 1.453 1.57 1.914 1.345 1.632 1.915 1.572 1.513 1.696 2.065 NA 0.93 0.569 1.048 2.277 1.44 2.76 0.89 0.761