# Thapa - Sikri - PIWA - ITRDB NEPA061 #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/31743 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-tree-31743.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Tree Ring # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/asia/nepa061-rwl-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File; nepa061-rwl-noaa.txt # # Related_Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/asia/nepa061.rwl # Related_Online_Description: RWL File; Raw Measurements - Tucson Decadal File # # Supplemental_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/nepa061.txt # Supplemental_Description: Text File; Correlation Stats # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2020-11-02 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-11-02 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Thapa - Sikri - PIWA - ITRDB NEPA061 #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Thapa, U.K. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Koshi River basin, Nepal NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2020-11-18. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Uday Kunwar Thapa, Scott St. George # Journal_Name: Forest Ecology and Management # Published_Title: Detecting the influence of climate and humans on pine forests across the dry valleys of eastern Nepal's Koshi River basin # Published_Date_or_Year: 2019 # Volume: 440 # Pages: 12-22 # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.03.013 # Full_Citation: None # Abstract: Pine forests provide goods and services crucial to more than ten million people living in the middle-mountains (600-4000m) of Nepal. These critically important forests are already often overexploited and could be at risk from future climate change. In order to investigate the combined effects of climate and human disturbances on the growth of pine forests, we established a new network of tree-ring sites in six Pinus wallichiana and four P. roxburghii forests across the dry inner valleys of eastern Nepal's Koshi River watershed. We produced measurements of total annual ring widths, and detrended individual tree-ring series with 67% cubic splines to produce site-level chronologies. The Koshi tree-ring chronologies were compared against local records of mean monthly temperature and total monthly rainfall to identify the main climatic factor(s) limiting pine growth. We also employed a relative growth change method to estimate growth releases and suppressions in ring-width series as indicators of disturbances. At all sites, trees are relatively young (median age was 102 years) and variations in ring-width provide estimates of tree growth over only the past century. Ring-width chronologies from the Koshi have a weak common signal strength in comparison to trees from the same species obtained from sites in the central Himalaya, and the climate-growth response of Koshi pines appears to be governed primarily by moisture balance during winter. Disturbance events evident in pine ring-width data are largely asynchronous, which suggests these forest have been historically perturbed by human influences rather than large-scale climatic or ecological influences. The sacred forest at Sikri contained the oldest living trees (118 years), had the lowest number of disturbance events, and preserved a stronger common signal, which provided additional evidence of the effects of humans on other pine forests in the Koshi basin. Based on our findings, we suggest that modeling the future growth and distribution of pine trees in eastern Nepal should consider winter moisture. Furthermore, management strategies to better conserve pine forests in eastern Nepal should incorporate the two competing influences of climate and human activities on tree growth. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Sikri # Location: Nepal # Northernmost_Latitude: 27.43 # Southernmost_Latitude: 27.43 # Easternmost_Longitude: 86.23 # Westernmost_Longitude: 86.23 # Elevation_m: 1750 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: NEPA061 # First_Year: 1898 # Last_Year: 2015 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: ring width # Notes: None #-------------------- # Species # Species_Name: Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jacks. # Common_Name: Himalayan pine # Tree_Species_Code: PIWA #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables format: shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,tree ring,,,N, ## SKR01A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR01A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR01B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR01B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR02A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR02A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR03B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR03B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR04A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR04A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR04B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR04B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR05A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR05A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR05B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR05B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR06A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR06A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR06B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR06B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR08A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR08A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR08B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR08B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR08C_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR08C; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR09A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR09A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR09B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR09B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR09C_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR09C; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR10A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR10A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR10B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR10B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR11A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR11A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR11B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR11B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR12A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR12A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR12B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR12B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR14A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR14A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR14B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR14B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR15B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR15B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## SKR16B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: SKR16B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 #--------------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: NA age_CE SKR01A_raw SKR01B_raw SKR02A_raw SKR03B_raw SKR04A_raw SKR04B_raw SKR05A_raw SKR05B_raw SKR06A_raw SKR06B_raw SKR08A_raw SKR08B_raw SKR08C_raw SKR09A_raw SKR09B_raw SKR09C_raw SKR10A_raw SKR10B_raw SKR11A_raw SKR11B_raw SKR12A_raw SKR12B_raw SKR14A_raw SKR14B_raw SKR15B_raw SKR16B_raw 1898 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.191 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1899 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.195 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1900 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.126 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1901 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.148 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1902 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.136 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1903 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.264 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1904 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.116 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1905 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.329 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1906 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.257 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1907 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.419 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1908 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.551 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1909 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.482 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1910 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.446 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1911 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.369 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1912 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.154 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1913 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.336 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1914 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.289 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1915 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.411 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1916 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.63 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1917 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.498 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.415 NA NA NA NA NA 1918 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.55 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.613 NA NA NA NA NA 1919 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.61 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.268 NA 0.441 NA NA NA NA NA 1920 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.779 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.314 NA 0.665 NA NA NA NA NA 1921 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.707 0.442 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.373 NA 0.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1922 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.375 0.551 0.669 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.27 0.394 0.703 NA NA NA NA NA 1923 NA NA NA 0.374 NA NA 1.035 1.201 0.58 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.226 0.252 0.574 NA NA NA NA NA 1924 NA NA NA 0.26 NA NA 0.544 0.548 0.417 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.304 0.243 0.492 NA NA NA NA NA 1925 NA NA NA 0.435 NA NA 0.618 0.423 0.51 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.234 0.32 0.094 NA NA NA NA NA 1926 NA NA NA 0.305 0.571 NA 0.566 0.575 0.549 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.345 0.532 0.164 NA NA 0.568 NA NA 1927 NA NA NA 0.474 0.872 NA 0.579 1.011 0.608 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.344 0.488 0.116 NA NA 0.67 NA NA 1928 NA NA NA 0.541 0.508 NA 0.434 0.722 0.629 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.313 0.411 0.139 NA NA 0.525 NA 0.957 1929 NA NA NA 0.352 0.495 NA 0.278 0.304 0.555 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.258 0.386 0.282 NA NA 0.672 NA 0.733 1930 NA NA NA 0.28 0.966 NA 0.429 0.383 0.841 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.394 0.501 0.093 NA 0.818 0.656 NA 0.76 1931 NA NA NA 0.247 0.613 NA 0.423 0.152 0.502 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.418 0.459 0.148 NA 0.61 0.552 NA 0.696 1932 NA NA NA 0.214 0.57 NA 0.25 0.101 0.519 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.541 0.648 0.472 NA 0.611 0.526 NA 0.697 1933 NA NA 1.049 0.186 0.477 NA 0.154 0.082 0.476 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.47 0.602 0.521 NA 0.59 0.565 NA 0.834 1934 NA NA 0.829 0.188 0.489 NA 0.143 0.108 0.315 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.426 0.523 0.363 NA 0.585 0.656 NA 0.975 1935 NA NA 1.026 0.112 0.495 NA 0.131 0.273 0.335 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.544 0.629 0.475 NA 0.706 0.645 NA 1.208 1936 NA NA 0.956 0.201 0.637 NA 0.196 0.327 0.352 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.559 0.679 0.662 NA 0.8 0.819 NA 1.14 1937 NA NA 0.805 0.092 0.382 0.618 0.125 0.212 0.428 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.328 0.413 0.273 0.417 0.625 0.692 NA 0.941 1938 NA NA 0.868 0.222 0.485 0.716 0.102 0.138 0.254 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.278 NA 0.459 0.463 0.3 0.522 0.644 0.713 NA 1.01 1939 NA NA 0.656 0.16 0.409 0.039 0.09 0.12 0.395 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.223 NA 0.303 0.367 0.471 0.706 0.7 0.72 NA 0.823 1940 NA NA 0.586 0.255 0.403 0.639 0.213 0.348 0.507 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.355 NA 0.382 0.467 1.096 1.392 0.804 0.952 NA 1.056 1941 NA NA 0.621 0.19 0.423 0.694 0.29 1.058 0.444 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.325 NA 0.319 0.481 0.847 0.888 0.629 0.616 NA 0.943 1942 NA NA 0.531 0.113 0.363 0.69 0.423 0.781 0.631 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.289 NA 0.357 0.412 0.722 0.569 0.517 0.469 NA 0.891 1943 NA NA 0.655 0.283 0.307 0.288 0.869 0.573 0.661 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.278 NA 0.405 0.527 0.425 0.296 0.564 0.672 NA 0.549 1944 NA NA 0.551 0.122 0.305 0.515 0.828 0.222 0.643 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.303 NA 0.492 0.471 0.375 0.347 0.627 0.582 NA 0.347 1945 NA NA 0.751 0.147 0.327 0.807 0.896 0.973 0.363 1.029 1.395 NA NA NA NA NA 0.376 NA 0.434 0.597 0.712 0.758 0.773 0.689 NA 0.362 1946 NA NA 0.618 0.197 0.386 0.825 0.213 0.403 0.338 0.72 0.627 NA NA NA NA NA 0.321 NA 0.344 0.509 0.395 0.553 0.661 0.574 NA 0.328 1947 NA NA 0.54 0.215 0.321 0.451 0.037 0.108 0.439 0.383 0.544 NA NA NA NA NA 0.216 NA 0.405 0.519 0.252 0.404 0.531 0.447 NA 0.28 1948 NA NA 0.457 0.271 0.31 0.352 0.106 0.153 0.262 0.411 0.269 NA NA 0.805 NA 1.234 0.21 NA 0.372 0.521 0.52 0.475 0.431 0.358 NA 0.372 1949 NA NA 0.56 0.164 0.434 0.309 0.215 0.416 0.543 0.72 0.662 NA NA 1.13 NA 1.785 0.278 NA 0.435 0.577 0.463 0.453 0.564 0.492 NA 0.362 1950 NA NA 0.297 0.24 0.262 0.542 0.202 0.827 0.357 0.513 0.613 NA NA 0.395 NA 1.051 0.166 NA 0.371 0.396 0.129 0.201 0.42 0.395 NA 0.324 1951 NA NA 0.31 0.151 0.195 0.277 0.317 0.486 0.363 0.415 0.829 NA NA 0.305 NA 0.752 0.145 NA 0.375 0.41 0.117 0.123 0.277 0.409 NA 0.326 1952 NA NA 0.667 0.098 0.231 0.207 0.762 0.644 0.459 0.591 1.087 NA 0.777 1.088 NA 1.131 0.243 NA 0.456 0.525 0.529 0.704 0.435 0.515 NA 0.581 1953 NA NA 0.635 0.035 0.247 0.328 0.603 0.979 0.324 0.516 0.699 NA 0.668 0.724 0.889 0.926 0.19 NA 0.401 0.413 0.378 0.511 0.37 0.403 NA 0.536 1954 NA NA 0.623 0.144 0.159 0.357 0.341 0.793 0.288 0.496 0.821 NA 0.869 0.843 0.163 0.973 0.173 NA 0.349 0.347 0.224 0.19 0.384 0.384 NA 0.662 1955 NA NA 0.473 0.042 0.15 0.473 0.346 0.67 0.29 0.341 0.806 NA 0.785 0.509 0.485 0.691 0.137 NA 0.231 0.294 0.12 0.224 0.347 0.411 NA 0.431 1956 NA NA 0.764 0.028 0.447 0.609 0.363 0.816 0.394 0.475 1.064 NA 0.948 0.778 0.937 0.958 0.161 NA 0.395 0.442 0.28 0.543 0.545 0.442 NA 0.42 1957 NA NA 0.533 0.1 0.4 0.69 0.106 0.151 0.419 0.451 0.704 NA 0.654 0.533 0.839 0.863 0.118 NA 0.369 0.362 0.206 0.309 0.5 0.416 NA 0.175 1958 NA NA 0.527 0.067 0.352 0.389 0.331 0.356 0.352 0.879 0.59 NA 0.829 0.731 1.053 1.133 0.187 NA 0.375 0.343 0.411 0.368 0.471 0.525 NA 0.27 1959 NA NA 0.559 0.12 0.213 0.421 0.379 0.213 0.281 0.557 0.631 NA 0.549 0.899 0.841 0.774 0.17 NA 0.339 0.312 0.406 0.457 0.428 0.391 0.43 0.166 1960 NA NA 0.546 0.095 0.165 0.258 0.41 0.12 0.328 0.585 0.66 NA 0.569 0.854 1.066 1.125 0.136 0.286 0.302 0.281 0.2 0.316 0.357 0.315 0.353 0.082 1961 NA NA 0.446 0.107 0.278 0.153 0.422 0.189 0.268 0.475 0.634 NA 0.48 0.543 0.765 0.797 0.113 0.245 0.326 0.319 0.192 0.267 0.326 0.351 0.518 0.107 1962 NA NA 0.727 0.162 0.374 0.249 0.677 0.301 0.274 0.537 0.568 NA 0.546 1.021 0.772 0.852 0.166 0.402 0.392 0.342 0.303 0.416 0.465 0.489 0.861 0.279 1963 NA NA 0.864 0.175 0.298 0.516 0.547 0.518 0.24 0.673 0.555 NA 0.447 1.286 0.77 0.791 0.151 0.364 0.347 0.393 0.379 0.544 0.367 0.398 0.634 0.392 1964 NA NA 0.508 0.118 0.165 0.608 0.261 0.516 0.25 0.544 0.458 NA 0.458 1.35 0.733 0.853 0.114 0.375 0.372 0.315 0.226 0.552 0.196 0.251 0.416 0.631 1965 NA NA 0.441 0.071 0.117 0.375 0.124 0.18 0.272 0.312 0.355 0.51 0.322 0.87 0.479 0.45 0.09 0.404 0.334 0.245 0.11 0.248 0.17 0.145 0.312 0.727 1966 NA NA 0.501 0.15 0.159 0.274 0.286 0.316 0.33 0.771 0.61 0.666 0.55 0.735 0.467 0.488 0.084 0.408 0.397 0.268 0.187 0.306 0.246 0.244 0.352 0.671 1967 NA NA 0.566 0.24 0.271 0.371 0.479 0.512 0.357 0.959 0.532 0.62 0.712 0.353 0.425 0.409 0.111 0.46 0.437 0.311 0.229 0.226 0.316 0.24 0.578 0.581 1968 NA NA 0.397 0.259 0.23 0.317 0.462 0.539 0.21 0.5 0.318 0.553 0.423 0.28 0.338 0.339 0.113 0.429 0.397 0.356 0.336 0.152 0.221 0.197 0.439 0.409 1969 NA NA 0.341 0.253 0.201 0.192 0.393 0.351 0.236 0.354 0.302 0.531 0.284 0.263 0.373 0.318 0.054 0.474 0.388 0.332 0.233 0.094 0.24 0.251 0.324 0.363 1970 NA NA 0.395 0.247 0.248 0.105 0.397 0.336 0.316 0.469 0.375 0.583 0.319 0.248 0.527 0.516 0.068 0.435 0.344 0.315 0.241 0.092 0.347 0.394 0.41 0.344 1971 NA NA 0.31 0.221 0.243 0.108 0.307 0.473 0.227 0.475 0.378 0.628 0.323 0.253 0.403 0.385 0.063 0.391 0.255 0.279 0.254 0.074 0.335 0.358 0.397 0.173 1972 NA 0.86 0.314 0.086 0.192 0.141 0.286 0.507 0.203 0.428 0.316 0.598 0.267 0.243 0.422 0.46 0.052 0.321 0.228 0.227 0.241 0.042 0.23 0.335 0.376 0.073 1973 NA 0.746 0.396 0.094 0.172 0.078 0.646 0.88 0.223 0.586 0.397 0.589 0.377 0.214 0.524 0.506 0.062 0.313 0.307 0.285 0.179 0.054 0.273 0.364 0.387 0.109 1974 NA 0.618 0.311 0.17 0.202 0.079 0.608 0.365 0.221 0.489 0.333 0.517 0.32 0.364 0.537 0.556 0.074 0.3 0.329 0.312 0.171 0.049 0.255 0.326 0.575 0.09 1975 NA 1.378 0.285 0.15 0.164 0.074 0.728 0.283 0.156 0.353 0.314 0.448 0.227 0.317 0.366 0.363 0.057 0.341 0.301 0.324 0.099 0.052 0.225 0.302 0.451 0.14 1976 NA 0.309 0.378 0.17 0.111 0.094 0.622 0.266 0.103 0.285 0.276 0.511 0.262 0.314 0.327 0.353 0.06 0.2 0.295 0.344 0.132 0.048 0.222 0.35 0.497 0.131 1977 NA 0.369 0.368 0.169 0.061 0.06 0.327 0.186 0.097 0.298 0.301 0.578 0.348 0.075 0.134 0.136 0.081 0.15 0.297 0.296 0.13 0.095 0.229 0.37 0.429 0.101 1978 NA 0.903 0.409 0.179 0.089 0.03 0.232 0.193 0.118 0.215 0.252 0.542 0.514 0.118 0.121 0.133 0.097 0.248 0.334 0.309 0.244 0.163 0.202 0.335 0.663 0.111 1979 NA 0.828 0.295 0.134 0.025 0.044 0.23 0.163 0.049 0.138 0.191 0.369 0.364 0.079 0.104 0.111 0.036 0.22 0.215 0.195 0.106 0.082 0.102 0.172 0.352 0.042 1980 NA 1.228 0.432 0.178 0.124 0.07 0.285 0.241 0.071 0.2 0.218 0.519 0.299 0.153 0.196 0.187 0.06 0.207 0.384 0.288 0.081 0.142 0.197 0.257 0.621 0.101 1981 0.579 0.916 0.255 0.136 0.1 0.065 0.238 0.353 0.067 0.143 0.266 0.51 0.298 0.207 0.232 0.3 0.06 0.211 0.239 0.264 0.07 0.051 0.139 0.174 0.554 0.038 1982 1.121 0.953 0.359 0.137 0.135 0.086 0.219 0.504 0.105 0.242 0.241 0.393 0.293 0.223 0.311 0.358 0.067 0.293 0.275 0.412 0.04 0.067 0.184 0.19 0.482 0.087 1983 0.833 0.955 0.419 0.254 0.179 0.113 0.236 0.574 0.202 0.333 0.35 0.833 0.365 0.313 0.403 0.398 0.069 0.255 0.335 0.547 0.072 0.113 0.264 0.287 0.543 0.107 1984 1.117 1.175 0.241 0.194 0.133 0.093 0.103 0.321 0.121 0.21 0.269 0.592 0.273 0.286 0.311 0.332 0.051 0.251 0.233 0.318 0.057 0.09 0.215 0.199 0.47 0.094 1985 0.847 0.97 0.188 0.151 0.051 0.051 0.146 0.235 0.066 0.113 0.178 0.563 0.191 0.271 0.273 0.287 0.032 0.263 0.166 0.252 0.041 0.045 0.114 0.14 0.286 0.047 1986 0.75 1.558 0.258 0.172 0.098 0.067 0.192 0.276 0.086 0.235 0.196 0.452 0.245 0.257 0.362 0.381 0.053 0.194 0.223 0.25 0.109 0.104 0.19 0.175 0.294 0.064 1987 0.767 1.375 0.182 0.18 0.16 0.093 0.181 0.217 0.134 0.218 0.267 0.429 0.262 0.287 0.386 0.415 0.061 0.237 0.19 0.201 0.11 0.12 0.144 0.146 0.255 0.047 1988 0.427 0.581 0.346 0.139 0.096 0.109 0.165 0.284 0.091 0.158 0.286 0.515 0.286 0.608 0.489 0.442 0.049 0.265 0.286 0.24 0.216 0.141 0.15 0.176 0.362 0.065 1989 0.74 0.903 0.338 0.215 0.103 0.067 0.269 0.302 0.099 0.178 0.24 0.363 0.288 0.503 0.36 0.355 0.065 0.238 0.202 0.232 0.184 0.104 0.126 0.131 0.356 0.068 1990 0.628 0.826 0.169 0.132 0.084 0.047 0.147 0.235 0.081 0.118 0.174 0.439 0.233 0.295 0.197 0.237 0.049 0.178 0.184 0.181 0.051 0.079 0.068 0.099 0.298 0.033 1991 0.866 1.173 0.262 0.217 0.133 0.066 0.263 0.356 0.102 0.188 0.227 0.476 0.259 0.258 0.313 0.338 0.047 0.161 0.225 0.21 0.101 0.065 0.123 0.151 0.294 0.045 1992 1.203 1.146 0.318 0.207 0.184 0.145 0.186 0.305 0.15 0.206 0.225 0.412 0.208 0.3 0.335 0.4 0.048 0.156 0.193 0.244 0.172 0.15 0.141 0.16 0.357 0.084 1993 0.938 1.367 0.254 0.382 0.106 0.067 0.113 0.193 0.135 0.296 0.347 0.58 0.253 0.396 0.388 0.411 0.085 0.141 0.271 0.286 0.097 0.122 0.15 0.19 0.517 0.074 1994 0.412 0.454 0.218 0.174 0.08 0.037 0.159 0.157 0.112 0.172 0.321 0.33 0.241 0.295 0.357 0.386 0.055 0.107 0.205 0.22 0.055 0.101 0.089 0.103 0.365 0.044 1995 0.833 0.6 0.162 0.145 0.098 0.073 0.216 0.163 0.121 0.181 0.251 0.338 0.161 0.236 0.357 0.33 0.042 0.087 0.17 0.174 0.062 0.084 0.084 0.104 0.248 0.071 1996 0.699 0.936 0.161 0.245 0.11 0.074 0.192 0.157 0.152 0.261 0.25 0.667 0.209 0.225 0.598 0.571 0.056 0.089 0.151 0.2 0.059 0.126 0.123 0.133 0.337 0.085 1997 0.559 0.908 0.135 0.157 0.062 0.039 0.169 0.117 0.103 0.226 0.263 0.468 0.184 0.216 0.43 0.439 0.048 0.085 0.158 0.208 0.043 0.092 0.11 0.129 0.275 0.083 1998 0.83 1.328 0.239 0.127 0.117 0.08 0.077 0.18 0.113 0.209 0.34 0.401 0.221 0.238 0.553 0.5 0.053 0.065 0.111 0.2 0.075 0.134 0.082 0.121 0.286 0.056 1999 0.34 0.245 0.167 0.044 0.072 0.014 0.098 0.116 0.092 0.212 0.261 0.337 0.203 0.241 0.463 0.502 0.022 0.056 0.064 0.162 0.024 0.036 0.032 0.073 0.157 0.023 2000 0.381 0.23 0.091 0.101 0.044 0.029 0.053 0.086 0.061 0.111 0.171 0.271 0.15 0.212 0.25 0.278 0.036 0.062 0.078 0.137 0.03 0.042 0.059 0.078 0.197 0.03 2001 0.549 0.522 0.166 0.161 0.05 0.035 0.047 0.069 0.063 0.159 0.105 0.2 0.119 0.199 0.206 0.219 0.044 0.054 0.074 0.135 0.028 0.05 0.069 0.12 0.159 0.068 2002 0.997 0.717 0.159 0.106 0.09 0.108 0.048 0.09 0.08 0.171 0.113 0.22 0.19 0.294 0.268 0.285 0.056 0.053 0.125 0.274 0.031 0.041 0.091 0.13 0.253 0.036 2003 0.577 0.875 0.092 0.175 0.094 0.356 0.057 0.068 0.104 0.146 0.288 0.416 0.267 0.426 0.388 0.401 0.055 0.069 0.11 0.199 0.062 0.046 0.057 0.102 0.284 0.04 2004 0.191 0.829 0.135 0.115 0.06 0.301 0.055 0.068 0.1 0.1 0.218 0.338 0.256 0.263 0.256 0.259 0.05 0.059 0.101 0.152 0.041 0.069 0.046 0.069 0.158 0.047 2005 0.47 0.83 0.139 0.106 0.085 0.439 0.04 0.05 0.119 0.156 0.169 0.413 0.314 0.238 0.327 0.311 0.057 0.054 0.116 0.218 0.056 0.045 0.054 0.095 0.244 0.06 2006 0.563 0.697 0.181 0.124 0.06 0.229 0.083 0.101 0.098 0.128 0.21 0.422 0.291 0.322 0.383 0.444 0.058 0.054 0.145 0.234 0.064 0.028 0.08 0.11 0.287 0.056 2007 0.2 0.388 0.086 0.123 0.059 0.15 0.097 0.05 0.077 0.109 0.148 0.341 0.313 0.342 0.23 0.26 0.066 0.059 0.12 0.171 0.042 0.032 0.041 0.07 0.286 0.06 2008 0.312 0.804 0.128 0.17 0.131 0.225 0.058 0.09 0.116 0.131 0.169 0.386 0.277 0.405 0.293 0.298 0.059 0.081 0.157 0.183 0.044 0.035 0.059 0.112 0.282 0.047 2009 0.21 0.446 NA 0.109 0.042 0.063 0.122 0.066 0.135 0.131 0.2 0.427 0.254 0.351 0.318 0.329 0.058 0.1 0.169 0.236 0.046 0.056 0.068 0.116 0.236 0.041 2010 0.285 0.43 NA 0.089 0.031 0.035 0.251 0.086 0.106 0.104 0.196 0.306 0.249 0.233 0.251 0.281 0.068 0.075 0.135 0.162 0.026 0.039 0.074 0.122 0.181 0.03 2011 0.146 0.359 NA 0.129 0.107 0.082 0.19 0.082 0.087 0.123 0.189 0.34 0.279 0.169 0.249 0.244 0.055 0.063 0.092 0.16 0.021 0.054 0.067 0.108 0.184 0.036 2012 0.649 0.408 NA 0.136 0.14 0.084 0.186 0.061 0.083 0.133 0.267 0.359 0.23 0.179 0.196 0.227 0.057 0.081 0.098 0.166 0.029 0.038 0.078 0.094 0.169 0.036 2013 0.215 0.214 NA 0.118 0.079 0.053 NA 0.093 0.082 0.141 0.246 0.533 0.231 0.123 0.215 0.249 0.067 0.065 0.113 0.158 0.037 0.057 0.092 0.072 0.205 NA 2014 0.043 0.146 NA 0.08 0.032 0.012 NA 0.052 0.054 0.106 0.168 0.474 0.238 0.111 0.182 0.177 0.03 0.066 0.034 0.041 0.058 0.044 0.032 0.04 0.094 NA 2015 0.534 0.838 NA 0.195 0.184 0.146 NA 0.087 0.077 0.178 0.147 0.629 0.311 0.177 0.225 0.279 0.057 NA 0.139 0.121 NA 0.074 0.115 0.08 0.197 NA