# Stevenson - Caddo Gap - PIEC - ITRDB AR076
#----------------------------------------------------
#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                  and
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
#----------------------------------------------------
# Template Version 4.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed.
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/17214
#   Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-tree-17214.json
#   Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Data_Type: Tree Ring
#
# Dataset_DOI:
#
# Science_Keywords: 
#--------------------
# Resource_Links
#
# Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/ar076-crn-noaa.txt
#   Data_Download_Description: Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File; ar076-crn-noaa.txt
#
# Related_Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/chronologies/northamerica/usa/ar076.crn
#   Related_Online_Description: CRN File; Chronology - Tucson Decadal File
#
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#   Date: 2014-08-18
#--------------------
# File_Last_Modified_Date
#   Date: 2014-08-18
#--------------------
# Title
#   Study_Name: Stevenson - Caddo Gap - PIEC - ITRDB AR076
#--------------------
# Investigators
#   Investigators: Stevenson, D.; Lynch, T.B.; Heineman, R.; Holeman, R.; Wilson, D.; Anderson, K.; Guldin, J.M.
#--------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#   Description: NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-20. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08.
#--------------------
# Publication
#   Authors: Douglas J. Stevenson, Thomas B. Lynch, Pradip Saud, Robert Heineman, Randal Holeman, Dennis Wilson, Keith Anderson, Chris Cerny, James M. Guldin
#   Journal_Name: Dendrochronologia
#   Published_Title: Winter in the Ouchitas - A severe winter storm signature in Pinus echinata in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma and Arkansas, USA
#   Published_Date_or_Year: 2016
#   Volume: 37
#   Pages: 107-115
#   Issue: 
#   Report_Number: 
#   DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2016.01.001
#   Full_Citation: None
#   Abstract: Each year severe winter storms (~ice storms) damage trees throughout the southern USA. Arkansas and Oklahoma have a history of severe winter storms. To extend that history back beyond the reach of written records, a distinctive tree ring pattern or signature is needed. Storm-caused breakage, branch loss and bending stress provide that signature. We found a severe storm signature in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata). We used three published site chronologies, a set of five new site chronologies from a growth-and-yield study conducted by Oklahoma State University and the unpublished Shortleaf Canyon chronology from a master's thesis at the University of Arkansas. Our method is based on two ring width values for the first and second growing seasons after the storm standardized to the ring widths of the seven growing seasons after the storm. Concordance between storm years predicted by tree ring patterns and actual storm years was tested using Cohen's Kappa. Concern about confounding of ice storm signals by droughts led us to test concordance between severe storms and drought in July, August and September; results were inconclusive but stand as a warning that these two phenomena cannot be distinguished with certainty in the tree ring record. Damaging severe storms occurred in about 2.8% of all years. Two out of three storms identified as "severe" produced glaze icing.
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# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name:
#   Grant:
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# Site_Information
#   Site_Name: Caddo Gap
#   Location: Arkansas
#   Northernmost_Latitude: 34.45
#   Southernmost_Latitude: 34.45
#   Easternmost_Longitude: -93.5
#   Westernmost_Longitude: -93.5
#   Elevation_m: 248
#--------------------
# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: AR076
#   First_Year: 1913
#   Last_Year: 2009
#   Time_Unit: CE
#   Core_Length_m:
#   Parameter_Keywords:  ring width
#   Notes: 
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# Species
#   Species_Name: Pinus echinata Mill.
#   Common_Name: shortleaf pine
#   Tree_Species_Code: PIEC
#--------------------
# Variables
#
# PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf
#   PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format.
#
# Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two.
# Variables format: shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
#
## age_CE	age,,,year Common Era,,tree ring,,,N,
## trsgi	tree ring standardized growth index,,,,,tree ring,composited,standard chronology method,N,
## numsamp	number of samples,,,count,,tree ring,,,N,
#---------------------
# Data:
# Missing_Values: NA
age_CE	trsgi	numsamp
1913	1.337	1
1914	1.486	1
1915	1.707	1
1916	1.278	1
1917	1.051	1
1918	0.517	1
1919	0.794	1
1920	0.788	1
1921	0.923	1
1922	0.66	1
1923	0.912	1
1924	0.863	1
1925	0.688	1
1926	0.763	1
1927	1.082	1
1928	0.892	1
1929	1.369	1
1930	0.783	2
1931	0.842	3
1932	0.855	4
1933	1.074	4
1934	0.825	4
1935	1.138	4
1936	0.832	5
1937	0.818	5
1938	0.953	5
1939	0.937	5
1940	1.072	5
1941	1.249	7
1942	1.259	9
1943	0.808	9
1944	1.075	9
1945	1.29	9
1946	0.987	9
1947	0.88	11
1948	0.735	12
1949	0.935	12
1950	1.029	12
1951	0.911	13
1952	0.692	13
1953	0.793	14
1954	0.582	15
1955	1.065	15
1956	0.683	16
1957	1.556	16
1958	1.506	16
1959	1.435	17
1960	1.183	17
1961	1.44	17
1962	1.391	17
1963	1.086	17
1964	1.127	17
1965	0.838	17
1966	0.885	17
1967	0.814	17
1968	0.869	17
1969	0.891	17
1970	1.152	17
1971	0.95	17
1972	0.809	17
1973	1.27	17
1974	1.229	17
1975	1.115	17
1976	1.005	17
1977	0.993	17
1978	0.535	17
1979	0.534	17
1980	0.289	17
1981	0.655	17
1982	0.967	17
1983	0.966	17
1984	1.082	17
1985	0.828	17
1986	0.763	17
1987	0.673	17
1988	0.969	17
1989	1.209	17
1990	1.177	17
1991	1.023	17
1992	0.994	17
1993	0.835	17
1994	1.145	17
1995	0.897	17
1996	1.178	17
1997	1.036	17
1998	1.534	17
1999	1.29	17
2000	1.33	17
2001	0.697	17
2002	0.652	17
2003	1.098	17
2004	1.207	17
2005	0.947	16
2006	1.044	16
2007	1.215	16
2008	1.086	5
2009	1.023	5
2010	9.999	0