FILE NAME: Colofrlr.txt STATE OR COUNTRY: Colorado, U.S.A. SITE NAMES: Almagre Mountain, Black Mountain, Mount Princeton, North Peak, Stanley Mountain SITE CODES: AM, BM, MP, NP, SM ELEVATION: 3353-3700 meters (AM), 3380-3540 (BM), 3585-3700 (MP), 3540-3570 (NP), 3430-3550 (SM) LATITUDE: 38 46 N (AM), 38 43 N (BM), 38 44 N (MP), 37 53 N (NP), 39 47 N (SM) LONGITUDE: 104 59 W (AM), 105 41 W (BM), 106 13 W (MP), 105 2 W (NP), 105 48 (SM) SPECIES: PIAR COMMON NAME: Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine CHRONOLOGY TYPE: latewood frost ring, light ring, and earlywood frost ring FIRST AND LAST YEAR: 569 B.C. to A.D. 1993 (AM), A.D. 152-1992 (BM), 359 B.C. to A.D. 1992 (MP), A.D. 1536-1993 (NP), A.D. 1380-1993 (SM) PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(S): F. Craig Brunstein Latewood frost rings and light rings in bristlecone pines sampled on Almagre Mountain, Black Mountain, Mount Princeton, North Peak, and Stanley Mountain from 569 B.C. to A.D. 1993, and comparison to reported frost rings at other bristlecone pine sites (data from Brunstein, 1995) [L, light-ring; other dates are latewood frost-rings. Underlined years indicate events recorded in multiple trees. Indented years indicate co-occurrence of latewood frost rings and light rings. Under each site heading, first number is number of sampled trees; second number is number of sampled trees that record event; third number is percent of sampled trees that record event. B, Mount Bross-Windy Ridge, Colo. (Krebs, 1972); G, Mount Goliath, Colo. (Krebs, 1972); S, Snake Range, Nev. (LaMarche, 1970); W, White Mountains, Calif. (LaMarche and Hirschboeck, 1984); X, both Great Basin and southern Rocky Mountains (sites not specified; LaMarche and Hirschboeck, 1984); Y, Great Basin or southern Rocky Mountains (site(s) not specified; LaMarche and Hirschboeck, 1984). Start and end dates for chronologies: Almagre Mountain, 569 B.C.-A.D. 1993; Black Mountain, A.D. 152-1992; Mount Princeton, 359 B.C.-A.D. 1992; North Peak, A.D. 1536-1993; Stanley Mountain, A.D. 1380-1993.] Year AM BM MP NP SM Other sites? B.C. 512 1-1-100 501L 1-1-100 467 2-1-50 445L 2-1-50 417L 2-1-50 396 2-1-50 387 2-1-50 357L 2-1-50 356 2-1-50 354L 3-1-33 349 3-1-33 Year AM BM MP NP SM Other sites? 345L 3-1-33 341 3-1-33 327 3-1-33 323L 3-1-33 296 3-1-33 294L 3-1-33 269 3-1-33 2-1-50 259 3-1-33 256L 3-2-66 2-1-50 248 3-1-33 2-1-50 228L 3-1-33 225L 3-1-33 203 4-1-25 2-1-50 186L 5-1-20 186 5-1-20 177 6-1-17 177L 6-1-17 161 6-1-17 152 7-1-14 143L 8-2-25 139 9-9-100 2-1-50 127 9-8 -89 2-1-50 127L 9-2-22 Year AM BM MP NP SM Other sites? 124 9-2-22 124L 9-2-22 119L 9-1-11 92 12-1-8 44L 17-2-12 43L 17-3-18 42 17-12-71 2-2-100 W 37L 17-4-24 33 18-3-17 33L 18-3-17 27L 18-7-39 24L 18-4-22 21L 18-3-17 10 16-6-38 10L 16-1-6 A.D. 43L 21-1-5 52L 22-1-5 53 23-1-4 54 23-11-48 58 23-8-35 58L 23-1-4 62 24-3 -12 62L 24-2-8 63L 24-2-8 78 24-11-46 78L 24-1-4 Year AM BM MP NP SM Other sites? 84L 24-2-8 86L 24-2-8 94 23-12-52 94L 23-1-4 103L 23-1-4 105L 24-4-17 105 24-2-8 112L 24-12-50 112 24-3-12 114L 24-4-17 114 24-1-4 124L 24-2-8 128 24-2-8 128L 24-2-8 132L 24-5-21 132 24-1-4 142 24-11-46 144 23-1-4 158L 23-3-13 158 23-1-4 Year AM BM MP NP SM Other sites? 164L 23-1-4 177L 22-1-5 180 22-1-5 204L 21-2-10 227L 18-4-22 230 18-2-11 234L 18-1-6 241L 18-3-17 4-1-25 241 18-1-6 243L 18-3-17 243 18-1-6 247L 18-1-6 253 18-1-6 259 18-1-6 259L 18-1-6 263 18-2-11 267 18-1 6 267L 18-1 6 268 18-6-33 273 18-2-11 280 18-1-6 280L 18-1-6 285L 18-2-11 287L 18-1-6 303L 18-3-17 Year AM BM MP NP SM Other sites? 304 18-2-11 323 18-1-6 325 18-4-22 337L 18-1-6 338 18-1-6 342L 18-2-11 343 18-3-17 357L 19-3-16 358L 19-1-5 370L 20-3-15 378L 19-2-11 378 19-1-5 393L 19-2-11 393 19-1-5 416L 20-1-5 437L 21-2-10 447L 21-1-5 461L 21-2-10 471 21-2-10 473L 21-1-5 477L 21-1-5 484 21-2-10 494L 21-1-5 Year AM BM MP NP SM Other sites? 503L 21-1-5 504L 21-1-5 508L 21-2-10 527 24-1-4 536 25-7 -28 4-1-25 536L 25-3-12 544 27-1-4 544L 27-1-4 553 27-23 -85 2-1-50 4-4-100 574 26-6-23 577L 26-3-12 583L 26-1-4 591L 27-2-7 626 29-1-3 626L 29-1-3 627 29-24 -83 2-1-50 4-2-50 630L 29-1-3 631L 29-2-7 632L 29-2-7 634L 29-1-3 640L 29-1-3 650 29-5-17 655L 29-2-7 656 29-3-10 670L 29-1-3 Year AM BM MP NP SM Other sites? 686L 29-1-3 687L 29-4-14 W 689 29-1-3 699 29-2-7 710 28-2-7 718 28-2-7 719L 28-1-4 721 28-2-7 727L 28-2-7 730L 28-1-4 746 28-1-4 747 28-1-4 767 29-1-4 772 29-3-10 783 28-7-25 804 29-1-3 809 27-3-11 821L 27-1-4 832 26-2-8 858 25-6-24 877 28-3 -11 886 28-20-71 890 28-14-50 890L 28-1-4 Year AM BM MP NP SM Other sites? 895L 28-3-11 895 28-1-4 903 28-11-39 916 28-6-21 918L 28-1-4 923L 28-1-4 925 28-3 -11 930L 28-1-4 942L 29-8-28 945 29-7 -24 945L 29-5-17 952L 29-1-3 964 30-3-10 973 30-4-13 976L 30-4-13 984 30-7-23 985 30-6 -20 993L 30-6-20 993 30-2-7 994L 30-10-33 3-1-33 1008 28-10 -36 2-2-100 1020L 30-1-3 1024L 31-1-3 Year AM BM MP NP SM Other sites? 1029 31-16 -52 2-1-50 2-1-50 W 1051 32-2-6 1058 32-1-3 1066 31-1-3 1076L 30-1-3 1079 30-1-3 1079L 30-1-3 1080 29-2-7 1136 28-2-7 1139 28-1-4 1171 28-3 -11 2-1-50 2-2-100 W 1171L 28-2-7 W 1179L 28-1-4 1187L 28-4-14 1192L 29-7-24 B 1192 29-5 -17 B 1199 29-4-14 1208 28-3-11 1214L 28-2-7 2-1-50 1214 28-1-4 1225 29-16 -55 2-1-50 1225L 29-4-14 1237 29-1-3 Year AM BM MP NP SM Other sites? 1260 29-5 -17 1275 30-3-10 1293 30-2-7 4-1-25 1293L 30-1-3 1298 31-4-13 1298L 31-2-6 1311L 31-3-10 1329 27-10 -37 5-2-40 1329L 27-1-4 5-1-20 1336L 27-1-4 1337L 27-10-37 5-1-20 4-1-25 1341 27-1-4 1383 28-1-4 1406 30-15 -50 1408 30-22-73 6-2-33 7-3-43 3-1-33 1420 7-1-14 1420L 3-1-33 1429L 31-1-3 1442L 33-1-3 1443 33-1-3 1450L 33-4-12 1453 33-25-75 6-4-66 7-6-87 B-G-S-W 1473L 33-3-9 1481 33-5-15 8-1-13 6-1-17 1484 33-19-57 6-1-17 8-6-75 6-1-17 G 1490 33-3-9 6-2-33 9-6-67 6-2-33 B-G Year AM BM MP NP SM Other sites? 1521 8-5-63 1526L 33-1-3 1536L 33-4-12 9-3-33 1536 9-2-22 1539 9-1-11 1540L 33-1-3 1543L 33-2-6 1546 33-1-3 1546L 33-1-3 1549 9-2-22 1556 33-4-12 10-1-10 G 1570 9-2-22 1572 9-2-22 1572L 33-4-12 1588L 33-2-6 1588 33-1-3 1595 33-1-3 1596 33-1-3 B 1601L 33-1-3 10-1-10 W 1609L 34-5-15 1609 34-1-3 1613L 35-1-3 1615 35-1-3 1626 36-2-6 Year AM BM MP NP SM Other sites? 1639 13-2-15 1643 40-1-3 1646L 40-1-3 1648 40-9-23 8-2-25 6-1-17 1648L 6-1-17 1651L 6-1-17 1654L 6-1-17 1657L 6-1-17 1658 42-5-12 14-1-7 1658L 42-1-2 1660 42-2-5 X 1663 42-4-10 7-1-14 14-1-7 1671 43-6-14 1677 43-1-2 1677L 43-1-2 1680 43-2-5 X 1683 43-2-5 1687L 43-3-7 1687 43-1-2 1692 44-1-2 1697 44-2-5 1700 46-1-2 Year AM BM MP NP SM Other sites? 1706 47-4-9 1717L 48-2-4 7-1-14 1718 48-3-6 1719L 48-1-2 1721L 48-4-8 1725L 48-10-21 7-1-14 15-1-7 1725 48-1-2 1728 48-1-2 1730 48-1-2 1734L 49-3-6 1740 49-1-2 1748L 7-2-29 1748 21-1-5 1752L 51-10-20 9-2-22 7-2-29 1752 51-1-2 1761 54-15 -28 9-2-22 24-8-33 12-2-17 B-X 1761L 54-2-4 9-2-22 24-4-17 17-1-6 B-X 1766 55-11 -20 1786L 54-2-4 1790 54-1-2 1793L 26-1-4 1805 53-34 -64 9-4-44 29-15-52 13-4 -31 19-1-5 B-G-X 1805L 13-2-15 19-2-11 B-G-X 1816L 53-1-2 29-1-3 1817 53-11 -21 11-1-9 29-1-3 14-4 -29 21-1-5 X 1817L 14-1-7 X Year AM BM MP NP SM Other sites? 1828 52-23 -44 13-4-31 29-15-52 16-5-31 21-1-5 G-X 1831 51-9-18 13-1-8 29-1-3 21-1-5 Y 1831L 29-1-3 Y 1835 51-10 -20 13-2-15 17-1-6 21-1-5 1837 51-3 -6 13-1-8 X 1843 23-2-9 1847 51-2-4 1852 51-3-6 1854L 29-1-3 1866 53-16-30 13-2-15 30-2-7 25-2-8 Y 1866L 53-2-4 30-1-3 Y 1869 53-6-11 1878 53-3-6 27-2-7 1882 53-1-2 15-1-7 21-1-5 27-1-4 1884L 30-2-7 21-1-5 W 1893L 21-3-14 1900L 15-2-13 1901L 56-2-4 1903 56-13-23 15-1-7 30-2-7 1905L 15-2-13 1912 57-7-12 15-2-13 27-3-11 X 1915L 15-2-13 1917L 57-2-7 15-3-20 21-1-5 1920L 58-10-17 15-2-13 21-2-10 27-2-7 1923L 59-7-12 15-2-13 30-1-3 21-2-10 27-1-4 Year AM BM MP NP SM Other sites? 1925L 59-3-5 1941 61-12-20 S-Y 1941L 30-2-7 S-Y 1952L 21-1-5 1957L 62-9-14 27-1-4 1961 62-7-11 1961L 21-1-5 1965 62-8 -13 S-X 1965L 30-1-3 S-X 1967L 62-4-6 30-6-20 21-4-19 1972L 62-3-5 1978L 15-2-13 30-3-10 21-1-5 27-1-5 1981L 62-4-6 21-1-5 1984L 62-3-5 15-1-7 27-1-4 Earlywood frost rings in bristlecone pines sampled on Almagre Mountain, Black Mountain, Mount Princeton, North Peak, and Stanley Mountain from 569 B.C. to A.D. 1993. (Data from Brunstein, 1995.) [*, one or more core samples have frost ring 100-400 years from pith; **, one or more core samples have frost ring more than 400 years from pith. Underlined years indicate events recorded in multiple trees. Under each site heading, first number is number of sampled trees; second number is number of sampled trees that record event; third number is percent of sampled trees that record event. Start and end dates for chronologies are the same as in previous table.] Year AM BM MP NP SM B.C. 181E 6-1-17 121E 9-1-11 60E 15-1-7 A.D. 1E 19-1-5 3E 19-2-11 17E* 17-1-6 204E* 21-1-5 732E 28-1-4 735E 28-1-4 875E 28-1-4 1060E* 32-2-6 1261E* 29-1-3 1269E** 29-7-24 3-1-33 1275E 30-1-3 1483E 6-1-17 1485E 6-1-17 1509E 6-1-17 Year AM BM MP NP SM 1515E* 33-2-6 9-1-11 1518E 8-1-13 1520E 8-4-50 1550E 9-1-11 1619E 36-1-3 7-1-14 1673E 43-1-2 1676E* 14-1-7 7-1-17 1711E 47-1-2 18-1-6 1720E 48-1-2 19-2-11 1723E 19-1-5 1749E 50-2-4 1751E 22-1-5 1764E 24-1-4 1791E 26-2-8 1801E 29-2-7 1808E 29-1-3 1820E 29-1-3 Year AM BM MP NP SM 1842E 51-1-2 22-1-5 1853E 24-1-4 1865E** 53-4-8 12-1-8 29-1-3 25-3-12 1888E 27-3-11 1894E** 54-4-7 1912E 57-1-2 21-1-5 1925E 59-1-2 1927E 59-1-2 1928E 59-2-4 1943E 62-1-2 1945E 62-1-2 1947E 62-1-2 REFERENCES Brunstein, F. C., 1995: Bristlecone pine frost-ring and light-ring chronologies, from 569 B.C. to A.D. 1993, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-63. 25 pp. Krebs, P. H., 1972: Dendrochronology and the distribution of bristlecone pine in Colorado. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Colorado. 211 pp. LaMarche, V. C., Jr., 1970: Frost-damage rings in subalpine conifers and their application to tree-ring dating problems, In Smith, J. H. G. and Worrall, J., (eds.), Tree-ring analysis with special reference to Northwest America. The University of British Columbia Faculty of Forestry Bulletin, 7: 99-100. LaMarche, V. C., Jr., and Hirschboeck, K. K., 1984: Frost rings in trees as records of major volcanic eruptions. Nature, 307: 121-126.