# NOAA Paleoclimatology Program - Speleothem Site Data
# cave-maale-efrayim-me-001.txt
# Speleothem data only
# File Created: 3-March-2011
#
#*********************************************************************************
# Please cite the contributor and the original publications when using these data
#*********************************************************************************
#
# Missing Values indicated by '-999'
#
# PI:	A. Vaks
# Core/Site:	Ma'ale Efrayim Cave Core 001/Ma'ale Efrayim Cave    
# Latitude:	32 05'N
# Longitude:	35 22'E
# Elevation:	250 m
#
# Publications:
#	Vaks, A., M. Bar-Matthews, A. Ayalon, B. Schilman, M. Gilmour, 
#	C.J. Hawkesworth, A. Frumkin, A. Kaufman and A. Matthews, 2003, 
#	Paleoclimate reconstruction based on the timing of speleothem growth and oxygen 
#	and carbon isotope composition in a cave located in the rain shadow in Israel,
#	Quaternary Research, 59, 139-284, doi:10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00013-9  
# 
#------------------
#
# Description & Notes:
#	High resolution stable isotope (d18O and d13C, per mil PDB) data from a speleothem 
#	from Ma'ale Efrayim Cave, Israel (~32 05'N, 35 22'E), located to the east of the 
#	central mountain ridge of Israel in the present day rain shadow area.  
#
#----------------
#
# U-Th analytical results
#	For 230TH-234U dating, 15 speleothems from Maale-efrayim Cave were sampled, 
#	including both stalagmites and stalactites, and ages of only 9 samples were
#	within the range dating period
#
#	Sample	Lamina	238U ppb	234U/238U	230Th/234U	230Th/232Th	Age (103 yr)
#	Stalactite ME-2	
#		ME-2-A1	484	1.1215 ± 0.0520	0.2840 ± 0.0120	245	36.0 ± 1.9
#		ME-2-A2	409	1.0701 ± 0.0178	0.3526 ± 0.0072	22	47.0 ± 1.3
#		ME-2-A3	317	1.0763 ± 0.0096	0.4857 ± 0.0058	320	71.6 ± 1.3
#		ME-2-B	501	1.0627 ± 0.0088	0.7517 ± 0.0067	12876	148.0 ± 3.3
#		ME-2-C1	453	1.0723 ± 0.0110	0.8170 ± 0.0150	3344	177.9 ± 9.1
#	Stalactite ME-3	
#		ME-3-A1	519	1.1141 ± 0.0055	0.2596 ± 0.0019	319	32.5 ± 0.3
#		ME-3-A2	505	1.0771 ± 0.0041	0.3202 ± 0.0050	292	41.8 ± 0.8
#		ME-3-B	444	1.0846 ± 0.0042	0.3457 ± 0.0025	283	45.9 ± 0.4
#		ME-3-C	366	1.1042 ± 0.0074	0.3653 ± 0.0027	132	49.1 ± 0.5
#		ME-3-D1	479	1.0865 ± 0.0040	0.3980 ± 0.0016	139	54.8 ± 0.3
#		ME-3-D2	415	1.0797 ± 0.0052	0.4471 ± 0.0026	274	63.9 ± 0.5
#		ME-3-E	426	1.0843 ± 0.0035	0.7198 ± 0.0034	27	134.7 ± 1.4
#		ME-3-F	380	1.0968 ± 0.0049	0.7796 ± 0.0042	260	158.0 ± 2.2
#	Stalactite ME-5	
#		ME-5-A1	289	1.0768 ± 0.0106	0.4563 ± 0.0091	31	65.7 ± 1.9
#		ME-5-A2	276	1.0918 ± 0.0102	0.5182 ± 0.0109	41	78.4 ± 2.2
#		ME-5-B	300	1.0599 ± 0.0100	0.7741 ± 0.0167	19	157.8 ± 8.6
#	Stalactite ME-7
#		single lamina	408	1.1117 ± 0.0010	0.3016 ± 0.0021	1862	37.3 ± 0.3
#	Stalactite ME-8	
#		single lamina	793	1.1036 ± 0.0064	0.2915 ± 0.0020	4513	38.8 ± 0.3
#	Stalagmite ME-12	
#		ME-12-A	690	1.0966 ± 0.0193	0.1438 ± 0.0026	175	16.9 ± 0.3
#		ME-12-B	366	1.1166 ± 0.0160	0.2186 ± 0.0033	467	26.7 ± 0.5
#		ME-12-C	249	1.0682 ± 0.0044	0.2476 ± 0.0024	147	30.8 ± 0.3
#		ME-12-D	235	1.0696 ± 0.0032	0.2536 ± 0.0016	245	31.6 ± 0.4
#		ME-12-E	293	1.1439 ± 0.0062	0.2314 ± 0.0020	439	28.5 ± 0.5
#		ME-12-F	186	1.0866 ± 0.0035	0.2528 ± 0.0025	395	31.6 ± 0.4
#		ME-12-G1	202	1.0827 ± 0.0041	0.2538 ± 0.0011	209	31.9 ± 0.2
#		ME-12-I1	226	1.0965 ± 0.0503	0.2914 ± 0.0154	98	37.3 ± 2.4
#		ME-12-I2	270	1.0877 ± 0.0051	0.2813 ± 0.0033	213	35.8 ± 0.5
#		ME-12-I3	242	1.1013 ± 0.0078	0.2967 ± 0.0031	151	38.1 ± 0.5
#		ME-12-I4	146	1.0935 ± 0.0044	0.3018 ± 0.0022	160	38.7 ± 0.2
#		ME-12-J1	169	1.1052 ± 0.0076	0.3592 ± 0.0043	42	48.0 ± 0.7
#		ME-12-J2	175	1.1028 ± 0.0063	0.3424 ± 0.0095	45	45.3 ± 1.6
#		ME-12-J4	146	1.0816 ± 0.0062	0.3931 ± 0.0028	89	53.9 ± 0.5
#		ME-12-J5	234	1.0720 ± 0.0062	0.4214 ± 0.0050	223	59.1 ± 1.0
#		ME-12-K3	182	1.0969 ± 0.0049	0.4355 ± 0.0058	114	61.6 ± 1.1
#		ME-12-K4	198	1.1321 ± 0.0070	0.4138 ± 0.0030	71	57.4 ± 0.6
#		ME-12-K5	163	1.0998 ± 0.0052	0.4429 ± 0.0047	147	63.0 ± 0.9
#		ME-12-K7	232	1.0967 ± 0.0046	0.4363 ± 0.0033	343	61.7 ± 0.7
# Alpha ages						
#	Stalactite ME-9	
#		ME-9-A	2546	1.1942 ± 0.0108	0.2954 ± 0.0218	25	37.7 ± 3.3
#		ME-9-B	1804	1.1401 ± 0.0110	0.7693 ± 0.0121	1008	152.0 ± 5.5
#	Stalagmite ME-12	
#		ME-12-G2	210	1.1249 ± 0.0563	0.2440 ± 0.0275	35	33.4 ± 4.0
#		ME-12-H1	217	1.1071 ± 0.0465	0.2954 ± 0.0249	17	37.9 ± 3.9
#		ME-12-H2	207	1.0833 ± 0.0387	0.3130 ± 0.0203	15	40.6 ± 3.0
#	Stalagmite MME-1	
#		MME-1-A	481	1.4444 ± 0.0420	0.7527 ± 0.0241	327	136.4 ± 8.9
#
# Hiatuses Indentified:
#	The last interglacial, i.e., marine isotope stage 5 from 130,000 to 80,000 yr B.P.
#	The last Glacial Maximum at about 25,000 to 19,000 yr. B.P.
#	and during the end of stage 2 and throughout the Holecene from about 16,000 yr B.P. until present day.
#
#----------------
#	
# Variables:
#	age_calkaBP	Age (calendar ka BP)
#	d18OcarbVPDB	delta18O calcium carbonate (per mil VPDB)
#	d13CcarbVPDB	delta13C calcium carbonate (per mil VPDB)  
#
# CORE: Ma'ale Efrayim Cave Core 001
age_calkaBP	d18OcarbVPDB	d13CcarbVPDB	
16.6	-2.73	-9.7
16.7	-2.5	-9.69
17.25	-2.9	-9.31
17.8	-2.84	-9.35
18.4	-3.01	-9.58
18.92	-2.11	-9.21
19.16	-2.36	-8.61
19.2	-2.64	-8.59
24.2	-2.71	-8.88
24.4	-2.99	-9.61
24.6	-2.92	-9.56
24.75	-3.08	-9.3
24.9	-3.32	-9.23
25	-3.1	-9.31
25.1	-3.15	-9.52
25.2	-3.11	-8.93
25.3	-3.08	-8.95
25.4	-3.06	-9.07
26	-3.34	-9.68
26.6	-3.56	-9.21
27.2	-3.52	-10.04
27.94	-3.92	-10.28
28.05	-3.75	-10.06
28.15	-3.25	-9.71
28.25	-3.17	-9.28
28.35	-3.14	-9.25
28.52	-2.85	-9.32
29	-3.14	-9.63
29.17	-3.4	-9.5
29.34	-3.18	-9.48
29.52	-3.33	-9.54
29.7	-3.07	-9.7
29.87	-3.48	-9.62
30.05	-3.65	-8.9
30.22	-3.4	-9.51
30.4	-3.23	-9.53
30.57	-3.37	-9.6
30.75	-3.77	-10.2
30.93	-3.75	-10.2
31.1	-3.81	-10.17
31.28	-3.54	-9.64
31.45	-3.52	-9.59
31.63	-3.35	-9.57
31.8	-3.04	-9.4
31.81	-3.74	-9.73
31.825	-3.78	-9.77
31.84	-3.71	-9.75
31.85	-3.57	-9.69
31.865	-3.37	-9.87
31.88	-3.4	-9.88
31.89	-3.04	-9.51
31.9	-3.37	-8.84
31.92	-3.7	-9.98
31.93	-3.58	-9.3
31.94	-3.12	-9.25
31.95	-3.27	-9.46
31.97	-3.18	-9.74
31.98	-3.27	-9.89
31.99	-3.42	-10.06
32	-3.42	-10.12
32.02	-3.5	-10.21
32.03	-3.68	-10.45
32.045	-3.11	-9.69
32.06	-4.24	-10.36
32.07	-3.41	-10.04
32.08	-3.45	-10.11
32.097	-4.13	-10.33
32.11	-3.48	-9.99
32.12	-3.95	-10.38
32.13	-3.72	-10.4
32.15	-3.61	-10.5
32.16	-3.58	-9.76
32.17	-3.75	-999
32.187	-4.55	-10.02
32.2	-4.83	-10.57
32.24	-3.71	-9.86
32.29	-3.8	-10.57
32.33	-3.4	-10.46
32.37	-4.11	-10.84
32.41	-4.13	-10.75
32.46	-3.86	-10.53
32.5	-3.92	-10.56
32.55	-3.14	-9.02
32.59	-3.14	-9.42
32.63	-3.54	-9.33
32.68	-3.59	-9.44
32.72	-3.48	-9.31
32.76	-3.51	-9.45
32.81	-3.23	-9.53
32.85	-3.25	-9.67
32.89	-4.05	-10.75
32.94	-4.06	-10.25
32.98	-4.23	-10.35
33.02	-4.42	-10.75
33.07	-3.92	-10
33.11	-3.58	-9.63
33.15	-3.94	-10.12
33.2	-3.69	-9.8
33.24	-4.01	-9.94
33.28	-3.99	-9.85
33.33	-3.81	-9.23
33.37	-4.07	-9.47
33.41	-3.98	-9.91
33.45	-3.9	-9.79
33.49	-3.81	-8.96
33.53	-3.67	-8.9
33.57	-3.92	-9.45
33.61	-4.16	-9.59
33.65	-3.66	-9.44
33.69	-3.87	-8.82
33.73	-3.49	-9.18
33.77	-3.38	-9.09
33.81	-3.81	-9.39
33.85	-3.8	-9.44
33.89	-3.71	-9.76
33.93	-3.92	-10.02
33.97	-4.14	-10.28
34.01	-4.05	-10.23
34.04	-4	-10.68
34.07	-4.43	-11.02
34.11	-4.18	-10.5
34.15	-4.38	-10.41
34.19	-4.18	-9.94
34.23	-4.22	-9.87
34.28	-3.92	-9.43
34.32	-3.2	-7.71
34.36	-3.24	-9.6
34.42	-3.35	-9.83
34.48	-4.49	-10.23
34.54	-2.87	-9.02
34.6	-3.07	-9.3
34.65	-4.22	-9.95
34.7	-3.49	-9.54
34.75	-3.38	-9.19
34.8	-2.9	-9.38
34.95	-2.99	-9.41
35.1	-3.41	-9.53
35.25	-4.81	-10.22
35.4	-3.88	-9.52
35.55	-3.75	-9.48
35.7	-3.89	-9.97
35.85	-4.9	-10.35
36	-3.46	-9.39
36.15	-3.58	-9.57
36.3	-3.25	-9.61
36.45	-3.79	-10.14
36.6	-3.71	-9.97
36.75	-4.19	-9.92
36.9	-3.93	-9.92
37.05	-3.75	-10.1
37.2	-4.06	-10.54
37.35	-4.26	-10.41
37.5	-3.62	-10.09
37.65	-4.01	-10.5
37.8	-3.75	-10.09
37.95	-3.83	-9.8
38.1	-3.78	-9.69
38.24	-3.01	-9.6
38.5	-3.62	-9.49
38.75	-3.65	-9.77
39	-3.58	-9.6
39.25	-4.17	-10.21
39.5	-4.05	-10.26
39.75	-4.12	-10.04
40	-4.37	-10.3
40.9	-4.28	-10.37
41.8	-4.16	-10.43
42.7	-4.08	-10
43.66	-4	-9.89
44.57	-3.98	-9.76
45.49	-4.01	-9.55
46.3	-3.71	-8.87
-999	-5.31	-10.6
46.67	-4.07	-9.46
46.81	-4.07	-9.74
46.95	-4.12	-9.86
47.09	-4.4	-9.21
47.22	-4.49	-9.74
47.36	-4.42	-9.82
47.5	-4.2	-9.72
47.64	-3.98	-9.72
47.77	-999	-999
47.91	-4.68	-10.21
48.05	-4.4	-9.94
48.19	-4.44	-9.87
48.32	-4.4	-8.7
48.46	-4.14	-9.68
48.6	-4.26	-9.91
48.73	-4.04	-9.74
-999	-2.74	-8
49.01	-4.53	-9.76
49.15	-4.6	-9.67
49.29	-4.5	-10.3
49.42	-4.36	-10.54
49.56	-4.9	-10.97
49.62	-4.54	-10.73
49.68	-4.21	-10.04
49.73	-4.47	-10.54
49.79	-4.58	-10.81
49.85	-4.37	-10.78
49.91	-4.75	-10.83
49.96	-3.94	-10.4
50.02	-3.93	-10.59
50.08	-3.36	-10.1
50.2	-4.27	-10.57
50.4	-4.98	-10.52
50.6	-4.59	-9.85
50.8	-5.06	-10
51	-4.69	-10.16
51.2	-4.93	-10.37
51.4	-4.59	-10.33
51.6	-4.81	-10.36
51.8	-5.36	-10.46
52	-4.47	-9.99
52.2	-5.38	-9.8
52.4	-3.91	-9.39
52.6	-4.49	-10.06
52.8	-4.56	-9.94
52.9	-5.47	-11.14
53	-4.63	-9.91
53.1	-3.52	-9.96
53.2	-4.82	-10.52
53.3	-4.54	-10.45
53.4	-3.22	-7.73
53.6	-2.96	-8.71
53.8	-3.08	-8.94
53.95	-2.86	-8.77
54.1	-4.47	-9.74
54.15	-4.5	-10.49
54.2	-4.73	-10.56
54.3	-4.63	-10.48
54.8	-4.54	-10.44
55.3	-4.52	-10.5
55.5	-4.76	-10.64
55.6	-4.62	-9.77
55.7	-4.53	-10.56
55.8	-4.57	-10.73
55.9	-4.48	-10.7
56	-4.46	-10.65
56.1	-4.4	-10.5
56.2	-4.29	-10.33
56.3	-4.54	-10.54
56.4	-4.5	-10.48
56.5	-3.86	-9.1
56.6	-3.8	-9.43
56.7	-3.97	-9.38
56.8	-3.81	-9.31
56.9	-3.72	-9.47
57	-3.63	-9.38
57.14	-3.91	-9.86
57.28	-999	-999
57.42	-3.7	-9.57
57.7	-4.22	-9.7
57.8	-3.74	-9.09
57.9	-3.59	-8.79
57.97	-3.73	-9.01
58.11	-3.68	-8.95
58.25	-4.21	-9.77
58.39	-4.31	-9.84
58.54	-3.94	-9.5
58.67	-3.98	-9.97
58.75	-4.18	-10.32
58.85	-4.17	-9.58
58.9	-4.16	-9.99
58.95	-4.25	-10.13
59.05	-4.63	-10.58
59.2	-4.87	-10.37
59.3	-4.56	-10.67
59.4	-4.73	-11.07
59.45	-4.61	-10.96
59.5	-4.58	-10.94
59.55	-4.56	-10.78
59.6	-4.39	-9.52
59.65	-4.43	-10.05
59.7	-4.43	-10.44
59.75	-4.47	-10.75
59.8	-4.32	-10.75
59.85	-4.65	-10.9
59.92	-4.2	-10.89
59.96	-4.24	-11.01
60	-4.22	-11.04
60.04	-4.05	-10.76
60.08	-4.53	-10.24
60.12	-4.62	-10.44
60.16	-4.66	-10.61
60.2	-4.57	-10.3
60.24	-4.52	-10.31
60.28	-4.27	-10.04
60.32	-4.19	-9.94
-999	-5.35	-10.4
60.4	-4.54	-10.11
60.44	-4.4	-999
60.48	-4.53	-9.91
60.52	-4.72	-10.1
60.56	-4.55	-10.15
60.6	-4.74	-10.31
60.64	-4.48	-9.95
60.68	-4.5	-10.28
60.72	-4.61	-10.58
60.76	-4.73	-10.66
60.8	-4.89	-10.53
60.9	-4.74	-10.38
61	-4.62	-10.43
61.1	-4.56	-10.28
61.2	-4.8	-10.69
61.3	-4.68	-10.67
61.4	-4.62	-10.87
61.5	-4.46	-10.83
61.6	-4.68	-10.98
61.6	-4.52	-10.99
61.7	-4.42	-11.1
61.8	-4.44	-10.6
61.9	-4.64	-10.86
62	-4.59	-10.78
-999	-3.88	-10.7
62.2	-4.78	-11.13
62.3	-4.44	-10.29
62.4	-4.67	-11.05
62.5	-4.68	-11.13
62.6	-4.68	-11.2
62.68	-4.82	-10.88
62.9	-4.94	-11.04
63.05	-5.08	-11.15
63.19	-4.98	-11.09
63.33	-4.66	-10.92
63.46	-4.72	-10.97
63.6	-4.57	-10.74
63.74	-4.65	-10.84
63.88	-4.68	-10.44
64	-4.53	-10.25
64.15	-4.44	-10.25
64.29	-4.27	-10.13
64.42	-4.12	-10.01
64.56	-4.16	-10
64.7	-4.43	-10.25
64.74	-4.57	-10.51
64.78	-4.64	-10.52
64.82	-4.55	-10.2
64.85	-4.51	-10.18
64.89	-4.5	-10.28
64.93	-4.63	-10.26
64.97	-4.57	-10.62
65	-4.43	-10.7
65.05	-4.53	-10.83
65.08	-4.39	-10.63
65.12	-4.35	-10.56
65.16	-4.39	-10.64
65.2	-4.34	-10.64
65.24	-4.42	-9.93
65.28	-4.27	-10.16
65.32	-4.4	-10.18
65.36	-4.34	-9.97
65.4	-4.4	-9.98
65.43	-4.34	-10.19
65.46	-4.24	-10.06
65.5	-4.29	-10.1
65.54	-4.04	-9.85
65.58	-4.26	-9.5
65.62	-4.31	-9.74
65.65	-4.06	-9.55
65.69	-3.88	-9.66
65.73	-4.11	-9.87
65.77	-3.84	-9.65
65.8	-3.9	-9.7
65.84	-3.95	-9.66
65.88	-3.89	-9.85
65.923	-3.81	-9.51
65.96	-4.46	-10.54
66	-4.4	-10.52
66.03	-4.1	-10.65
66.07	-4.08	-10.62
66.11	-4.16	-10.71
66.15	-4.07	-10.47
66.19	-4.34	-10.26
66.23	-3.95	-9.98
66.26	-4.17	-10.13
66.3	-4.18	-9.99
66.34	-4.29	-10.35
66.38	-4.41	-10.25
66.42	-3.84	-9.65
66.45	-3.9	-9.7
66.49	-3.95	-9.66
66.53	-3.89	-9.85
66.57	-3.81	-9.51
66.61	-4.46	-10.54
66.64	-4.4	-10.52
66.68	-4.1	-10.65
66.72	-4.08	-10.62
66.76	-4.16	-10.71
66.8	-4.07	-10.47
66.84	-4.34	-10.26
66.88	-3.95	-9.98
66.91	-4.17	-10.13
66.95	-4.18	-9.99
66.97	-4.29	-10.35
67	-4.41	-10.25