# NOAA Paleoclimatology Program - Speleothem Site Data
# cave-jiuxian-c996-2.txt
# Speleothem data only
# File Created: 22-March-2011
#
#*********************************************************************************
# Please cite the contributor and the original publications when using these data
#*********************************************************************************
#
# Missing Values indicated by '-999'
#
# PI:	Y. Cai	
# Core/Site:	C996-2/Jiuxian Cave     
# Latitude:	33°34' N
# Longitude:	109°6' E
# Elevation:	1495 m
#
# Publications:
#	Cai, Y., L. Tan, H. Cheng, Z. An, R.L. Edwards, M.J. Kelly, 
#	X. Kong, and X. Wang. 2010. 
#	The variation of summer monsoon precipitation in central China 
#	since the last deglaciation. 
#	Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291, 21-31,  
#	doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.039 	
#   
#------------------
#
# Description & Notes:
#	Oxygen isotope data and U-Th dates from two stalagmites collected in 
#	1999 near the end of Jiuxian Cave, Shaanxi Province, central China.  
#	stalagmite C996-2 is ~21 cm in height and 6-9 cm in diameter. 
#	Fifteen 230Th C996-2, respectively.  The chronologies show that C996-2 
#	grew through the past 19.0 ka BP, excluding two hiatuses between 
#	8.3 and 5.7 ka BP, and 15.4 and 11.9 ka BP.  Temporal resolutions 
#	for the d18O measurements vary from 36 to 112 years for C996-2.  
#
#------------------
# 
# 230Th dating 
#	230Th dating results of two stalagmites from Jiuxian cave by ICP-MS. The error is 2sigma error.
#	Lambda230=9.1577×10-6 year-1, Lambda234=2.8263×10-6 year-1 (Cheng et al., 2000), Lambda238=1.55125×10-10 year-1 
#	(Jaffey et al., 1971).
#	Corrected 230Th ages assume the initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 4.4±2.2×10-6. Those are the values 
#	for a material at secular equilibrium, with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily 
#	assumed to be 50%.
#	
#	Sample number    Depth        238U         232Th      d234U*a    230Th/238U    Age(kaBP)*c  Age(kaBP)*c  d234U Initial*b
#	                  mm           ppb          ppt      measured     activity     uncorrected   corrected    corrected
#	Stalagmite C996-2
#
#	MC-43            6–8.5      313.3±0.6     1334±7       316±2    0.0053±0.0002   0.42±0.02    0.27±0.05      316±2
#	C996-2-2         31–33      585.4±1.5     3028±27      314±3    0.0102±0.0002   0.85±0.02    0.68±0.06      315±3
#	C996-2-6A        40–42      276.0±0.7   29,864±211     323±5    0.0433±0.0052   3.63±0.44    1.17±1.29      324±5
#	C996-2-1         53–55      264.6±0.6     2312±28      326±3    0.0235±0.0006   1.95±0.05    1.71±0.11      328±3
#	C996-2-4A        82–84      292.7±0.9    28,929±85     298±6    0.0657±0.0023   5.66±0.20    3.38±1.15      301±6
#	C996-2-3       96.5–99.5    220.8±0.6    13,535±77     293±4    0.0664±0.0021   5.75±0.18    4.31±0.72      296±4
#	C996-2-3A       102–103     190.7±0.6     7840±31      281±6    0.0679±0.0018   5.93±0.16    4.41±0.40      284±6
#	C996-2-4        115–118     214.7±0.5     5549±28      292±4    0.0600±0.0012   5.18±0.11    4.54±0.31      296±4
#	C996-2-2A       131–133     189.6±0.7    20,129±74     290±8    0.0935±0.0036   8.19±0.33    5.28±0.79      294±8
#	C996-2-1A       150–152     147.5±0.2   26,424±124     336±3    0.1440±0.0039  12.40±0.36    8.40±2.04      344±4
#	C996-2-5      156.5–158.5   358.1±0.9     5300±33      327±3    0.1215±0.0012  10.45±0.11   10.07±0.19      336±3
#	C996-2-6        172–175     595.5±1.6    10,791±49     255±3    0.1343±0.0012  12.31±0.12   11.84±0.24      263±3
#	C996-2-7       177–179.5   1316.2±3.6     671±28       261±3    0.1683±0.0009  15.56±0.09   15.50±0.10      273±3
#	MC-44          192–194.5   1268.4±2.5      219±6       247±2    0.1811±0.0008  17.05±0.09   16.99±0.09      259±2
#	C996-2-8       213–215.5    855.4±2.3     7592±38      205±3    0.1954±0.0012  19.23±0.14   18.96±0.18      216±3
#
#	*a d234U=([234U/238U]activity-1)×1000.
#	*b d234Uinitial was calculated based on 230Th age (T), i.e., d234Uinitial=d234Umeasured×eLambda234×T.
#	*c BP stands for “Before Present” where the “Present” is defined as the year 1950 AD.
#	
# Hiatuses Indentified:	
#	8.3 and 5.7 ka BP, and 15.4 and 11.9 ka BP	
#----------------
#	
# Variables:
#	age_calBP	Age (calendar years BP)
#	d18OcarbVPDB	delta18O calcium carbonate (per mil VPDB)
#
# CORE:	C996-2
age_calBP	d18OcarbVPDB
-8	-7.96
38	-8.37
85	-8.51
131	-9.2
178	-10.24
224	-9.41
271	-8.46
287	-9.41
304	-8.81
320	-9.05
334	-8.73
349	-6.88
364	-7.47
378	-8.75
393	-8.67
409	-9.18
424	-9.67
439	-8.75
453	-7.74
468	-8.51
483	-9.36
499	-9.44
515	-9.29
531	-9.83
548	-8.98
564	-8.43
580	-8.76
597	-9.25
613	-8.83
629	-9.63
645	-9.03
662	-7
678	-7.86
733	-9.04
788	-9.54
843	-8.31
898	-8.5
952	-7.88
1007	-8.82
1062	-8.76
1117	-9.58
1172	-9.28
1213	-7.9
1255	-8.34
1296	-8.45
1337	-10.23
1378	-9.95
1419	-10.36
1461	-10.34
1502	-10.15
1543	-8.56
1584	-8.82
1626	-9.55
1667	-9.95
1708	-8.38
1766	-9.03
1823	-10.25
1881	-10
1938	-8.7
1996	-8.74
2053	-10.11
2111	-8.82
2168	-8.57
2226	-9.63
2284	-8.95
2341	-8.94
2399	-8.38
2456	-9.05
2514	-8.58
2571	-7.78
2629	-8.42
2686	-9.42
2744	-7.46
2802	-7.34
2859	-8.65
2917	-9.29
2974	-8.36
3032	-9.68
3089	-9.07
3147	-8.62
3204	-8.73
3262	-9.28
3319	-10.43
3377	-9.33
3439	-9.72
3502	-9.39
3564	-9.37
3626	-9.71
3688	-10.4
3751	-8.97
3813	-8.21
3875	-9.34
3937	-8.88
4000	-9.3
4062	-10
4124	-9.91
4187	-10.17
4249	-9.89
4311	-10.71
4333	-11.08
4354	-10.25
4376	-10.3
4397	-9.6
4413	-10.1
4423	-11.43
4433	-10.58
4443	-10.57
4453	-10.08
4463	-8.67
4474	-8.63
4484	-9.31
4494	-10
4504	-10.47
4514	-8.24
4524	-9.37
4534	-9.72
4544	-10.15
4590	-9.43
4636	-9.51
4682	-10.13
4729	-9.91
4775	-9.94
4821	-10.96
4867	-10.36
4913	-8.69
4959	-8.35
5005	-8.09
5051	-8.86
5098	-9.15
5144	-9.63
5190	-10.58
5236	-9.05
5282	-9.94
5328	-10.75
5374	-10.89
5420	-9.76
5466	-10.54
5513	-9.58
5559	-9.39
5605	-10.01
5651	-9.95
8295	-9.91
8406	-9.8
8517	-9.49
8628	-10.18
8739	-9.78
8850	-10.02
8961	-11.28
9072	-10.34
9183	-11.36
9294	-11.49
9405	-10.95
9516	-10.37
9627	-10.11
9738	-10.15
9849	-9.64
9960	-10.7
10071	-10.33
10182	-9.73
10292	-10.27
10403	-9.37
10514	-9.11
10624	-8.89
10735	-9.31
10845	-9.08
10956	-10.77
11067	-11.09
11177	-11.73
11288	-10.07
11399	-9.9
11509	-9.81
11620	-12.17
11730	-9.83
11841	-9.08
11952	-8.4
15199	-6.58
15298	-6.42
15397	-6.39
15496	-5.4
15595	-5.75
15695	-5.89
15794	-5.7
15894	-4.52
15993	-5.68
16093	-5.79
16192	-5.89
16292	-5.97
16391	-5.51
16491	-6.23
16590	-6.57
16690	-7.39
16789	-7.67
16889	-7.55
16988	-7.58
17082	-8.11
17176	-8.98
17269	-8.67
17363	-9.46
17457	-9.53
17551	-9.54
17645	-9.64
17738	-9.76
17832	-8.94
17926	-9.66
18020	-9.13
18114	-9.97
18208	-9.11
18301	-9.31
18395	-8.74
18489	-9.41
18583	-9.68
18677	-9.71
18770	-9.86
18864	-10.33
18958	-9.67