# NOAA Paleoclimatology Program - Speleothem Site Data
# cave-jiuxian-c996-1.txt
# Speleothem data only
# File Created: 22-March-2011
#
#*********************************************************************************
# Please cite the contributor and the original publications when using these data
#*********************************************************************************
#
# Missing Values indicated by '-999'
#
# PI:	Y. Cai	
# Core/Site:	C996-1/Jiuxian Cave     
# Latitude:	33°34' N
# Longitude:	109°6' E
# Elevation:	1495 m
#
# Publications:
#	Cai, Y., L. Tan, H. Cheng, Z. An, R.L. Edwards, M.J. Kelly, 
#	X. Kong, and X. Wang. 2010. 
#	The variation of summer monsoon precipitation in central China 
#	since the last deglaciation. 
#	Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291, 21-31,  
#	doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.039 	
#   
#------------------
#
# Description & Notes:
#	Oxygen isotope data and U-Th dates from two stalagmites collected in 
#	1999 near the end of Jiuxian Cave, Shaanxi Province, central China. 
#	Stalagmite C996-1 is ~32 cm in height and 8-13 cm in diameter
#	Twenty-three 230Th dates were acquired from C996-1. The chronologies show 
#	that C996-1 was continuously deposited through the past 8.5 ka BP.
#	Temporal resolutions for the d18O measurements vary from 4 to 77 years for C996-1 
#
#------------------
# 
# 230Th dating 
#	230Th dating results of two stalagmites from Jiuxian cave by ICP-MS. The error is 2sigma error.
#	Lambda230=9.1577×10-6 year-1, Lambda234=2.8263×10-6 year-1 (Cheng et al., 2000), Lambda238=1.55125×10-10 year-1 
#	(Jaffey et al., 1971).
#	Corrected 230Th ages assume the initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 4.4±2.2×10-6. Those are the values 
#	for a material at secular equilibrium, with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily 
#	assumed to be 50%.
#	
#	Sample number    Depth        238U         232Th      d234U*a    230Th/238U    Age(kaBP)*c  Age(kaBP)*c  d234U Initial*b
#	                  mm           ppb          ppt      measured     activity     uncorrected   corrected    corrected
#	Stalagmite C996-1
#
#	C996-1-1          1–3       383.2±1.3    10,278±55     324±4    0.0101±0.0006   0.84±0.05    0.19±0.30      324±4
#	C996-1-10A        3–5       330.0±0.9     6505±19      311±4    0.0079±0.0006   0.66±0.05    0.16±0.23      311±4
#	MC-46            18–20      306.5±0.6     2340±15      328±2    0.0062±0.0003   0.51±0.02    0.29±0.09      328±2
#	JA-10            39–41      380.3±0.5      690±6       318±2    0.0070±0.0001   0.58±0.01    0.48±0.02      318±2
#	C996-1-9A        53–55      329.3±0.8     2124±11      304±3    0.0108±0.0004   0.91±0.03    0.71±0.08      304±3
#	C996-1-2        56–58.5     325.9±1.2     8502±52      321±5    0.0151±0.0009   1.26±0.07    0.63±0.30      322±5
#	C996-1-8A        71–73      269.8±0.6     2654±10      344±3    0.0184±0.0005   1.50±0.04    1.23±0.11      345±3
#	JA-9             83–85      381.7±0.6      527±6       318±2    0.0177±0.0002   1.48±0.02    1.39±0.02      320±2
#	C996-1-6A       105–106     279.0±0.6    10,754±31     380±4    0.0357±0.0012   2.85±0.10    1.98±0.42      382±4
#	C996-1-5A       115–117     251.6±0.5     1458±8       319±3    0.0348±0.0006   2.92±0.05    2.73±0.08      321±3
#	C996-1-3      117.5–119.5   256.3±0.8     9159±46      297±4    0.0442±0.0011   3.78±0.10    2.92±0.41      300±4
#	C996-1-4        141–143     307.4±0.8     2399±25      331±3    0.0439±0.0006   3.65±0.05    3.43±0.10      335±3
#	JA-8            160–162     391.3±0.6      791±5       333±2    0.0468±0.0003   3.90±0.03    3.80±0.04      336±2
#	C996-1-5        187–189     312.3±0.7     2409±32      360±3    0.0516±0.0007   4.22±0.06    4.00±0.10      364±3
#	C996-1-4A       201–203     257.9±0.7   31,487±145     309±4    0.0908±0.0030   7.83±0.27    5.04±1.41      314±5
#	C996-1-6      216.5–218.5   211.6±0.6     9576±51      315±4    0.0755±0.0017   6.44±0.15    5.38±0.53      320±4
#	C996-1-3A       219–221     209.8±0.5     4306±16      303±4    0.0655±0.0012   5.62±0.11    4.64±0.47      307±5
#	JA-7            236–239     309.9±0.3     2530±8       290±1    0.0569±0.0005   4.92±0.04    4.68±0.10      294±1
#	C996-1-7        253–255     189.6±0.5     3809±28      284±3    0.0728±0.0011   6.36±0.10    5.85±0.25      288±3
#	C996-1-2A       277–279     177.7±0.4     5236±18      254±5    0.0725±0.0016   6.49±0.15    5.76±0.37      258±5
#	C996-1-8       282.5–285    191.6±0.5   30,227±203     289±4    0.1180±0.0045  10.44±0.42    6.79±1.88      295±4
#	C996-1-1A       299–301     208.6±1.0    15,265±41     370±9    0.0998±0.0020   8.23±0.18    6.62±0.80     377±10
#	MC-45           313–315     325.4±0.6     246±13       323±2    0.0911±0.0008   7.76±0.07    7.69±0.07      330±2
#
#	*a d234U=([234U/238U]activity-1)×1000.
#	*b d234Uinitial was calculated based on 230Th age (T), i.e., d234Uinitial=d234Umeasured×eLambda234×T.
#	*c BP stands for “Before Present” where the “Present” is defined as the year 1950 AD.
#		
#----------------
#	
# Variables:
#	age_calBP	Age (calendar years BP)
#	d18OcarbVPDB	delta18O calcium carbonate (per mil VPDB)
#
# CORE:	C996-1
age_calBP	d18OcarbVPDB
-48	-7.87
-45	-8.03
-42	-8.02
-39	-8.3
-35	-8.33
-31	-8.39
-28	-8.24
-25	-7.99
-21	-8.03
-18	-7.95
-9	-7.54
-6	-8.34
-3	-8.42
-2	-8.62
0	-8.55
5	-8.5
8	-8.68
12	-8.38
15	-8.1
16	-8.51
18	-8.99
27	-9.59
30	-9.73
33	-9.16
37	-8.62
40	-9.05
44	-9.15
47	-9.41
51	-8.59
54	-8.65
58	-9
62	-9.95
65	-8.65
69	-8.53
69	-8.15
72	-8.93
80	-9.08
84	-9.38
87	-10.39
90	-10.93
94	-9.54
98	-8.85
101	-8.77
105	-8.09
108	-7.78
111	-8.06
115	-9.01
118	-9.42
122	-9.25
126	-9.57
129	-9.69
133	-9.53
137	-10.23
140	-10.23
144	-10.74
147	-8.89
151	-8.97
154	-8.83
158	-9.31
162	-7.75
165	-7.9
168	-8.76
172	-8.17
175	-7.74
179	-8.19
182	-8.68
187	-8.91
190	-8.63
193	-8.64
196	-9
200	-8.83
204	-8.48
207	-8.11
210	-8.25
214	-7.76
218	-7.84
222	-8.86
225	-8.94
228	-8.83
232	-9.21
236	-8.91
239	-9.1
242	-9.18
246	-9.4
250	-9.05
253	-9.11
257	-9.77
261	-9.84
262	-9.49
264	-9.07
268	-8.4
273	-8.5
275	-8.67
279	-8.91
282	-9.17
285	-9.2
291	-9.42
293	-9.79
294	-9.9
296	-10.1
300	-9.75
302	-9.33
303	-9.21
304	-8.95
306	-9.17
309	-8.83
311	-9.22
312	-9.64
313	-9.86
315	-9.87
317	-9.37
319	-9.65
322	-9.28
326	-8.44
328	-7.46
330	-7.96
332	-8.23
334	-8.2
335	-8.35
337	-8.52
338	-8.88
340	-8.93
341	-9
343	-9.1
345	-8.95
348	-8.96
351	-8.55
354	-8.44
357	-8.32
360	-8.24
361	-8.64
363	-8.88
364	-8.73
367	-9.07
370	-9.34
373	-10.4
374	-10.1
377	-9.87
380	-10.44
382	-10.41
383	-9.93
385	-9.4
388	-8.81
391	-8.35
392	-8.48
394	-8.33
397	-8.15
399	-8.07
400	-8.24
401	-8.47
403	-8.69
406	-8.7
408	-8.9
410	-9.16
410	-9.29
413	-9.25
415	-8.62
417	-8.94
419	-8.67
421	-8.6
423	-8.64
425	-9.03
427	-8.92
428	-9.28
431	-9.41
432	-9.39
434	-9.07
436	-9.43
438	-9.32
439	-9.55
441	-8.84
443	-9.31
445	-9.49
447	-9.45
449	-8.94
451	-8.66
453	-8.49
454	-8.57
456	-8.75
458	-8.64
460	-8.65
462	-8.56
464	-8.64
467	-8.71
468	-9.36
469	-9.4
471	-9.24
473	-9.04
475	-9.1
477	-9.37
479	-9.21
480	-9.4
482	-9.38
484	-10.01
487	-9.22
490	-9.23
493	-9.28
495	-9.21
498	-9.47
500	-9.92
503	-10.08
506	-10.17
508	-9.2
512	-9.2
516	-10.28
519	-9.38
524	-9.63
528	-9.27
532	-9.02
536	-8.49
539	-9.06
544	-9.36
548	-9.98
552	-9.23
555	-9.15
557	-9.17
559	-9.05
562	-8.02
566	-8.27
568	-8.67
571	-9.11
574	-8.8
578	-8.72
584	-8.7
584	-8.17
587	-8.5
591	-8.21
592	-8.23
594	-7.72
600	-7.07
604	-7.33
607	-7.93
608	-7.79
610	-8.39
616	-9.29
619	-9.24
622	-9.23
626	-9.38
632	-9
636	-9.57
640	-9.14
645	-9.48
648	-8.19
652	-7.82
656	-7.78
661	-7.48
664	-7.44
669	-7.44
670	-7.39
673	-7.84
681	-8.44
685	-9.37
689	-8.82
693	-8.92
697	-8.7
700	-8.75
705	-8.99
709	-8.67
716	-9.07
722	-8.87
730	-8.69
738	-9.07
745	-9.8
751	-11.11
757	-11.18
759	-9.66
762	-11.97
773	-11.14
774	-10.52
780	-10.45
786	-7.87
793	-7.81
797	-7.72
803	-7.43
809	-6.97
815	-7.22
817	-7.19
821	-7.52
832	-7.96
834	-8.44
838	-8.47
845	-8.68
850	-8.81
860	-8.8
866	-8.48
873	-8.01
875	-7.89
879	-7.62
889	-7.87
894	-8.08
899	-8.32
904	-8.16
909	-8.03
920	-7.94
925	-7.88
928	-8.07
932	-8.45
938	-8.58
942	-8.92
949	-9.32
955	-9.43
961	-9.84
966	-9.66
972	-7.98
976	-8.01
981	-7.7
986	-7.85
991	-8.05
996	-8
1001	-7.65
1006	-8.13
1011	-8.88
1016	-9.19
1021	-9.03
1026	-8.72
1030	-8.61
1035	-8.6
1041	-8.55
1047	-9.26
1052	-10.03
1059	-9.67
1064	-8.38
1070	-8.87
1075	-8.64
1081	-9.31
1088	-9.89
1092	-9.37
1098	-8.91
1103	-8.92
1109	-7.78
1113	-7.75
1117	-8.14
1124	-8.28
1129	-8.47
1135	-9.07
1140	-9.25
1154	-10.07
1155	-10.21
1159	-9.49
1165	-9.14
1170	-9.43
1176	-9.25
1179	-8.88
1183	-8.05
1187	-7.94
1191	-8.14
1196	-9.02
1205	-8.77
1208	-9.74
1219	-8.51
1226	-10.17
1234	-8.33
1238	-8.66
1242	-8.24
1245	-8.33
1251	-8.18
1254	-8.41
1257	-8.47
1261	-8.38
1264	-9.1
1267	-8.96
1270	-8.84
1274	-9.14
1277	-9.29
1281	-8.9
1282	-9.31
1284	-8.74
1290	-8.31
1291	-8.84
1293	-8.7
1296	-8.55
1298	-8.41
1304	-8.34
1307	-8.44
1307	-8.82
1310	-8.49
1312	-8.52
1317	-9.09
1319	-8.98
1320	-9.42
1323	-9.48
1325	-9.6
1331	-9.33
1334	-9.28
1337	-9.48
1342	-8.9
1343	-9.27
1346	-9.17
1349	-9.17
1351	-9.25
1352	-9.5
1357	-9.58
1360	-9.65
1361	-9.77
1362	-9.46
1365	-9.33
1370	-9.12
1372	-9.15
1373	-9.22
1375	-9.25
1378	-9.4
1383	-9.41
1384	-9.34
1385	-9.36
1387	-9.29
1389	-8.52
1392	-8.29
1394	-8.64
1400	-8.93
1405	-8.76
1411	-8.77
1411	-8.34
1416	-8.03
1427	-8.22
1433	-8.22
1435	-8.28
1438	-8.51
1443	-8.5
1454	-9.33
1460	-9.71
1465	-9.71
1470	-9.18
1480	-7.63
1482	-7.47
1485	-7.28
1494	-7.94
1510	-7.75
1512	-7.91
1517	-7.59
1524	-6.5
1531	-7.56
1536	-8.88
1542	-9.37
1548	-9.59
1554	-9.04
1559	-8.91
1564	-8.62
1569	-8.71
1574	-8.75
1578	-8.39
1583	-8.59
1592	-8.36
1597	-8.77
1597	-8.79
1601	-9.14
1606	-7.87
1606	-9.02
1611	-7.23
1619	-6.9
1624	-7.24
1628	-7.43
1633	-7.48
1638	-8.02
1646	-8.66
1651	-8.85
1652	-8.97
1655	-9.11
1660	-9.29
1665	-9.56
1674	-11.02
1679	-8.29
1685	-11.37
1702	-8.61
1708	-8.65
1714	-8.18
1716	-7.99
1720	-7.4
1730	-7.54
1736	-7.87
1742	-8.09
1747	-8.32
1756	-8.1
1762	-8.42
1765	-8.45
1768	-8.66
1773	-8.88
1784	-8.95
1790	-9.24
1796	-9.72
1801	-9.98
1806	-9.16
1813	-10.14
1819	-9.94
1825	-9.07
1829	-9.21
1834	-8.74
1841	-8.87
1849	-8.73
1856	-9.52
1861	-10.18
1868	-9.53
1876	-9.73
1884	-8.5
1889	-8.88
1894	-8.48
1902	-8.3
1909	-8.31
1916	-9.05
1923	-9.47
1931	-8.51
1938	-8.27
1944	-8.88
1950	-8.65
1958	-8.62
1965	-9.29
1971	-9.02
1977	-8.66
1983	-8.98
1996	-9.85
2009	-8.83
2021	-9.22
2033	-8.27
2049	-8.47
2065	-8.65
2080	-9.06
2092	-8.62
2105	-8.27
2121	-8.19
2137	-8.49
2149	-8.85
2163	-8.8
2174	-8.88
2190	-8.14
2206	-8.27
2221	-8.76
2234	-8.58
2249	-8.87
2265	-8.78
2280	-8.38
2292	-8.14
2305	-8.43
2319	-8
2336	-8.98
2351	-10.03
2364	-10.96
2376	-8.69
2386	-10.06
2403	-8.45
2420	-8.35
2434	-8.6
2447	-8.52
2462	-8.67
2479	-9.19
2494	-9.08
2507	-8.93
2519	-8.16
2532	-8.71
2549	-8.45
2567	-8.09
2581	-7.69
2590	-7.42
2605	-7.22
2622	-7.63
2637	-7.83
2647	-8.04
2661	-8.09
2676	-9.36
2691	-10.37
2706	-10.5
2716	-10
2732	-10.81
2737	-9.59
2743	-9.3
2748	-9.61
2754	-9.42
2759	-9.88
2764	-8.42
2769	-7.72
2775	-8.47
2780	-8.27
2786	-9.54
2792	-8.46
2797	-9.69
2803	-9.88
2808	-9.49
2812	-8.5
2818	-8.95
2824	-9.38
2829	-9.4
2835	-9.07
2839	-8.92
2844	-7.76
2849	-8.17
2854	-8.53
2860	-7.98
2866	-7.03
2870	-7.88
2875	-6.22
2880	-7.11
2885	-7.74
2889	-7.47
2892	-7.63
2898	-7.69
2903	-7.4
2908	-7.37
2913	-7.34
2919	-7.43
2924	-7.19
2929	-7.52
2935	-7.63
2940	-7.86
2946	-8.18
2951	-8.22
2956	-8.69
2961	-8.62
2966	-7.93
2973	-8.34
2978	-8.39
2983	-8.31
2988	-8.38
2993	-8.31
2999	-8.34
3004	-10.32
3010	-12.2
3016	-10.8
3021	-10.77
3026	-8.8
3031	-9.6
3036	-9.47
3042	-9.24
3047	-9.22
3053	-9.92
3058	-8.74
3063	-9
3068	-9.2
3074	-8.38
3080	-9.11
3086	-9.05
3091	-8.69
3096	-9.48
3101	-10.38
3106	-8.96
3133	-9.02
3160	-9.37
3186	-8.84
3213	-8.81
3240	-9.04
3267	-9.21
3293	-9.41
3320	-9.29
3347	-9.43
3374	-9.66
3400	-9.83
3427	-10.06
3447	-10.06
3466	-9.29
3486	-10.51
3506	-8.35
3525	-9.81
3545	-8.62
3564	-8.85
3584	-9.34
3604	-9.32
3623	-8.87
3643	-9.21
3663	-7.82
3682	-8.95
3702	-8.9
3722	-8.53
3741	-8.95
3761	-9.23
3780	-8.83
3800	-8.9
3807	-9.42
3815	-10.23
3822	-10.28
3829	-11.51
3836	-9.08
3844	-9.28
3851	-10.37
3858	-10.93
3865	-10.67
3873	-10.09
3880	-9.63
3887	-9.74
3894	-9.86
3902	-10.19
3909	-10.02
3916	-10.61
3923	-9.4
3931	-9.96
3938	-8.91
3945	-8.97
3952	-9.73
3960	-9.53
3967	-9.12
3974	-9.2
3982	-9.44
3989	-9.61
3996	-8.63
4010	-10.48
4024	-10.41
4038	-9.3
4051	-9.34
4065	-9.44
4079	-10.42
4093	-9.53
4107	-9.12
4121	-8.99
4135	-8.96
4148	-9.97
4162	-9.25
4176	-10.67
4190	-9.83
4204	-9.71
4218	-9.15
4232	-10.3
4246	-10.83
4259	-9.77
4273	-10.2
4287	-11.9
4301	-11.85
4315	-11.2
4329	-10.4
4343	-9.59
4356	-9.75
4370	-10.71
4384	-10.63
4398	-11.21
4412	-10.26
4426	-9.77
4440	-8.89
4453	-8.95
4467	-9.34
4481	-9.54
4495	-9.96
4509	-8.04
4523	-9.28
4537	-10.12
4550	-9.24
4564	-9.64
4578	-9.91
4592	-8.54
4606	-9.98
4620	-10.37
4634	-9.3
4647	-9.89
4661	-10.62
4675	-9.91
4695	-10.88
4722	-11.15
4748	-10.46
4775	-11.05
4801	-9.06
4828	-8.31
4854	-8.85
4881	-8.14
4907	-8.9
4934	-9.49
4960	-9.22
4987	-9.18
5013	-10.83
5040	-9.87
5066	-9.95
5093	-10.3
5119	-11.21
5146	-11.17
5172	-10.88
5199	-11.02
5225	-10.54
5252	-11.23
5278	-10.31
5305	-9.76
5331	-9.6
5358	-10.23
5384	-9.67
5411	-10.74
5437	-11.47
5464	-10.3
5490	-10.04
5517	-11.23
5543	-10.79
5570	-9.78
5596	-9.85
5623	-10.01
5649	-10.03
5676	-10.85
5702	-10.84
5729	-9.84
5755	-9.38
5794	-9.46
5833	-10.81
5873	-9.55
5912	-9.8
5951	-9.73
5990	-9.1
6029	-9.43
6069	-9.96
6108	-11.48
6147	-10.5
6186	-9.96
6225	-9.68
6264	-10.31
6304	-11.21
6343	-10.26
6382	-9.82
6421	-10.65
6460	-10.75
6500	-10.22
6539	-9.07
6578	-9.21
6617	-11.17
6694	-10.63
6771	-9.65
6847	-10.16
6924	-10.46
7001	-10.65
7078	-10.05
7155	-10.71
7231	-11.74
7308	-9.86
7385	-10.49
7462	-10.07
7538	-11.44
7615	-10
7692	-9.63
7769	-10.79
7846	-10.42
7922	-10.52
7999	-10.67
8076	-11.04
8153	-10.38
8230	-10.63
8306	-10.33
8383	-9.92
8460	-10.27
8537	-11.56
8614	-9.54