# Grand Canyon Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data during the Early Holocene #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/38391 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-38391.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: Monsoon, Younger Dryas, thermal maximum #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/arizona/lachniet2023/lachniet2023-water-iso.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Water Isotope Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2023-08-03 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2023-08-03 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Grand Canyon Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data during the Early Holocene #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Lachniet, Matthew (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-0144); Du, Xiaojing; Dee, Sylvia; Asmerom, Yemane; Polyak, Victor; Tobin, Benjamin #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: # Provided Keywords: North American Monsoon; groundwater recharge; infiltration; uranium isotopes #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Lachniet, Matthew S.; Xiaojing Du; Sylvia G. Dee; Yemane Asmerom; Victor J. Polyak; Benjamin W. Tobin # Published_Date_or_Year: 2023 # Published_Title: Elevated Grand Canyon groundwater recharge during the warm Early Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Summer rainfall is an important contributor to water budgets in western North American deserts, where intense rainfall sustains ecosystems while also causing flash floods and damaging erosion. A better understanding of Grand Canyon paleoclimate and the long-term history of the summer monsoon from summer sensitive paleoclimate records will improve our ability to project future hydroclimatic changes under warmer conditions. Here we show multi-proxy evidence for an intensification of the Early Holocene (11,700 to 8200 years ago) hydrological cycle linked to a stronger and expanded summer North American Monsoon, from calcite oxygen and uranium isotopes in a uranium-series precisely-dated stalagmite from a Grand Canyon cave. Our results suggest that subsurface infiltration was greater in the Early Holocene than today at Grand Canyon. A data-model comparison with an isotope-enabled climate model suggests that enhanced infiltration was due to an Early Holocene monsoon intensification associated with rising atmospheric temperature. Projections of a future increase in precipitation intensity or more frequent and expanded North American monsoon rain events may paradoxically result in increased subsurface infiltration at Grand Canyon and other high-altitude plateaus, even within the context of western North American aridification in a hotter climate. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: ATM-1405546 and 1405557 #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Grand Canyon GC-1 # Location: Arizona # Northernmost_Latitude: 36.055 # Southernmost_Latitude: 36.055 # Easternmost_Longitude: -112.14 # Westernmost_Longitude: -112.14 # Elevation_m: 2093 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Water Isotope Lachniet2023 # First_Year: # Last_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # Depth (mm) 238U (ng/g) 232Th (pg/g) 230Th/232Th activity ratio 230Th/238U activity ratio Measured d234U (‰) Initial d234U (‰) Uncorrected age (yr BP) Corrected age* (yr BP) Corrected age (yr B2k) d18O (‰ VPDB) # 158.319162375572 1.15778346024561 162.383126357509 1.18774575184048 9009.64210613991 50.4368932839777 8981.20876760314 52.3837860656471 8964.20876760314 52.3837860656471 -7.184 # 155.909655119314 1.15536320564691 160.126124479286 1.1866697737094 9456.78974078132 26.5060939034811 9455.88579450541 26.5302095738127 9438.88579450541 26.5302095738127 -7.04633333333333 # 168.103688463671 1.16745381574155 172.785031756508 1.20002641687112 9735.2427709828 24.8722311634585 9733.04911469558 24.8952735978126 9711.04911469558 24.8952735978126 -7.88258333333333 # 159.139104329491 1.15851042831387 163.819857165249 1.19264957993166 10272.9847433044 26.6950683976059 10272.1779285941 26.7087364564289 10250.1779285941 26.7087364564289 -8.835 # 166.940368247641 1.16627023560644 171.941390694004 1.20131292893278 10461.7099769223 32.6819253742716 10459.3788498298 32.7010583639687 10442.3788498298 32.7010583639687 -8.06666666666667 # 172.795724736552 1.17211832456241 178.195541574866 1.20882812858098 10904.623522143 27.9000490961043 10903.8718337041 27.9020089509032 10886.8718337041 27.9020089509032 -9.193 # 185.246073079304 1.18458043316839 191.194856967318 1.22306509457206 11205.5546396503 61.0616562784163 11200.341434974 61.0937871334643 11183.341434974 61.0937871334643 -9.82366666666667 # 186.242986088112 1.18555897307766 192.453349666996 1.22562737592641 11623.8618999724 66.6860601901422 11623.2776778064 66.6862778817184 11606.2776778064 66.6862778817184 -10.6305 # 186.897562726239 1.18625318732661 193.395958534418 1.22762438265404 12112.7396539708 32.1332804555669 12111.3697160752 32.1450357345827 12089.3697160752 32.1450357345827 -10.3406666666667 # 184.032457137816 1.18337184430871 190.654065316545 1.22607312752556 12526.2599226824 32.2481624489835 12525.7684066013 32.2486968079468 12508.7684066013 32.2486968079468 -10.9653333333333 # 188.503729201166 1.18784643977579 195.572070888706 1.23253108274454 13045.8241733786 34.1067419719961 13044.0778315165 34.1169942586957 13027.0778315165 34.1169942586957 -10.4525 # 182.804839758729 1.18213019995415 190.013434300181 1.22941002648313 13708.7148632536 75.3434338823965 13704.7554375714 75.3656224000529 13687.7554375714 75.3656224000529 -11.04075 # 170.115274917423 1.16944506906679 176.922907785306 1.21637011719337 13913.291302259 34.824023262344 13903.9543655914 35.1286509247064 13881.9543655914 35.1286509247064 -10.408 # *Corrected ages use an average crustal value for the initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio = 4.4 ± 2.2 ppm. Years before present = yrs BP, where present is AD 2017 or AD 2022. yr B2k means years before 2000 CE. All errors are absolute 2σ. Subsample sizes range from 50 to 130 mg. δ234U = ([234U/238U]activity -1) x 1000. [230Th/238U]activity = 1 - e-λ230T + (δ234Umeasured/1000)[λ230/(λ230 - λ234)](1 - e-(λ230 - λ234)T), where T is the age. Decay constants (λ) are 9.1577 ×10-6 year-1 for 230Th, 2.8263 × 10-6 year-1 for 234U, and 1.55125 × 10-10 year-1 for 238U. #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## sample sample identification,,,,,speleothems,,,C,*PAW samples are from a different but nearby Cave in the Red Wall Formation ## dD delta 2H,Precipitation,3,per mil VSMOW,,speleothems,,,N,measurement precision: 3 per mil ## d18O delta 18O,Precipitation,0.2,per mil VSMOW,,speleothems,,,N,measurement precision: 0.2 per mil ## dx deuterium excess,Precipitation,,per mil VSMOW,,speleothems,,,N, ## Description notes,,,,,speleothems,,,C, #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NaN Sample dD d18O dx Description GC cave -78.9 -9.73 -1.1 Pool PAW-01 -87.6 -12.2 10 Pool PAW-02 -84.2 -11.7 9.4 Drip PAW-03 -84.9 -11.9 10.3 Drip PAW-04 -83.9 -11.7 9.7 Drip PAW-05 -83.7 -11.7 9.9 Drip PAW-06 -82.7 -11.3 7.7 Pool PAW-07 -81.7 -11.5 10.3 Drip PAW-08 -81.9 -11.5 10.1 Pool PAW-09 -77.4 -11.5 14.6 Drip