# Grand Canyon Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data during the Early Holocene
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#               World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                   and
#                      NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Template Version 4.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data.
# If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed.
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space
# Data lines have no '#'
#
# NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/38391
#   Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-38391.json
#   Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Data_Type: Speleothems
#
# Dataset_DOI:
#
# Science_Keywords: Monsoon, Younger Dryas, thermal maximum
#---------------------------------------
# Resource_Links
#
# Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/arizona/lachniet2023/lachniet2023-gc-1-iso.txt
#   Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; GC-1 Stable Isotope Data
#
#---------------------------------------
# Contribution_Date
#   Date: 2023-08-03
#---------------------------------------
# File_Last_Modified_Date
#   Date: 2023-08-03
#---------------------------------------
# Title
#   Study_Name: Grand Canyon Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data during the Early Holocene
#---------------------------------------
# Investigators
#   Investigators: Lachniet, Matthew (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-0144); Du, Xiaojing; Dee, Sylvia; Asmerom, Yemane; Polyak, Victor; Tobin, Benjamin
#---------------------------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#   Description:          Provided Keywords: North American Monsoon; groundwater recharge; infiltration; uranium isotopes
#---------------------------------------
# Publication
#   Authors: Lachniet, Matthew S.; Xiaojing Du; Sylvia G. Dee; Yemane Asmerom; Victor J. Polyak; Benjamin W. Tobin
#   Published_Date_or_Year: 2023
#   Published_Title: Elevated Grand Canyon groundwater recharge during the warm Early Holocene
#   Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience
#   Volume: 
#   Edition: 
#   Issue: 
#   Pages: 
#   Report_Number: 
#   DOI: 
#   Online_Resource: 
#   Full_Citation: 
#   Abstract: Summer rainfall is an important contributor to water budgets in western North American deserts, where intense rainfall sustains ecosystems while also causing flash floods and damaging erosion. A better understanding of Grand Canyon paleoclimate and the long-term history of the summer monsoon from summer sensitive paleoclimate records will improve our ability to project future hydroclimatic changes under warmer conditions. Here we show multi-proxy evidence for an intensification of the Early Holocene (11,700 to 8200 years ago) hydrological cycle linked to a stronger and expanded summer North American Monsoon, from calcite oxygen and uranium isotopes in a uranium-series precisely-dated stalagmite from a Grand Canyon cave. Our results suggest that subsurface infiltration was greater in the Early Holocene than today at Grand Canyon. A data-model comparison with an isotope-enabled climate model suggests that enhanced infiltration was due to an Early Holocene monsoon intensification associated with rising atmospheric temperature. Projections of a future increase in precipitation intensity or more frequent and expanded North American monsoon rain events may paradoxically result in increased subsurface infiltration at Grand Canyon and other high-altitude plateaus, even within the context of western North American aridification in a hotter climate.  
#---------------------------------------
# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation
#   Grant: ATM-1405546 and 1405557
#---------------------------------------
# Site_Information
#   Site_Name: Grand Canyon GC-1
#   Location: Arizona
#   Northernmost_Latitude: 36.055
#   Southernmost_Latitude: 36.055
#   Easternmost_Longitude: -112.14
#   Westernmost_Longitude: -112.14
#   Elevation_m: 2093
#---------------------------------------
# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: GC-1 Stable Isotope Lachniet2023
#   First_Year: 13959
#   Last_Year: 8533
#   Time_Unit: calendar year before present
#   Core_Length_m: 
#   Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes, carbon isotopes, age control
#   Notes: 
#---------------------------------------
# Chronology_Information 
# Chronology: 
# 
# Depth (mm)	238U (ng/g)	232Th  (pg/g)	230Th/232Th activity ratio	230Th/238U activity ratio 	Measured d234U (‰) 	Initial d234U (‰)	Uncorrected age (yr BP)	Corrected age* (yr BP)	Corrected age (yr B2k)	d18O (‰ VPDB)	
# 158.319162375572	1.15778346024561	162.383126357509	1.18774575184048	9009.64210613991	50.4368932839777	8981.20876760314	52.3837860656471	8964.20876760314	52.3837860656471	-7.184	
# 155.909655119314	1.15536320564691	160.126124479286	1.1866697737094	9456.78974078132	26.5060939034811	9455.88579450541	26.5302095738127	9438.88579450541	26.5302095738127	-7.04633333333333	
# 168.103688463671	1.16745381574155	172.785031756508	1.20002641687112	9735.2427709828	24.8722311634585	9733.04911469558	24.8952735978126	9711.04911469558	24.8952735978126	-7.88258333333333	
# 159.139104329491	1.15851042831387	163.819857165249	1.19264957993166	10272.9847433044	26.6950683976059	10272.1779285941	26.7087364564289	10250.1779285941	26.7087364564289	-8.835	
# 166.940368247641	1.16627023560644	171.941390694004	1.20131292893278	10461.7099769223	32.6819253742716	10459.3788498298	32.7010583639687	10442.3788498298	32.7010583639687	-8.06666666666667	
# 172.795724736552	1.17211832456241	178.195541574866	1.20882812858098	10904.623522143	27.9000490961043	10903.8718337041	27.9020089509032	10886.8718337041	27.9020089509032	-9.193	
# 185.246073079304	1.18458043316839	191.194856967318	1.22306509457206	11205.5546396503	61.0616562784163	11200.341434974	61.0937871334643	11183.341434974	61.0937871334643	-9.82366666666667	
# 186.242986088112	1.18555897307766	192.453349666996	1.22562737592641	11623.8618999724	66.6860601901422	11623.2776778064	66.6862778817184	11606.2776778064	66.6862778817184	-10.6305	
# 186.897562726239	1.18625318732661	193.395958534418	1.22762438265404	12112.7396539708	32.1332804555669	12111.3697160752	32.1450357345827	12089.3697160752	32.1450357345827	-10.3406666666667	
# 184.032457137816	1.18337184430871	190.654065316545	1.22607312752556	12526.2599226824	32.2481624489835	12525.7684066013	32.2486968079468	12508.7684066013	32.2486968079468	-10.9653333333333	
# 188.503729201166	1.18784643977579	195.572070888706	1.23253108274454	13045.8241733786	34.1067419719961	13044.0778315165	34.1169942586957	13027.0778315165	34.1169942586957	-10.4525	
# 182.804839758729	1.18213019995415	190.013434300181	1.22941002648313	13708.7148632536	75.3434338823965	13704.7554375714	75.3656224000529	13687.7554375714	75.3656224000529	-11.04075	
# 170.115274917423	1.16944506906679	176.922907785306	1.21637011719337	13913.291302259	34.824023262344	13903.9543655914	35.1286509247064	13881.9543655914	35.1286509247064	-10.408	
# *Corrected ages use an average crustal value for the initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio = 4.4 ± 2.2 ppm. Years before present = yrs BP, where present is AD 2017 or AD 2022. yr B2k means years before 2000 CE. All errors are absolute 2σ.  Subsample sizes range from 50 to 130 mg. δ234U = ([234U/238U]activity -1) x 1000. [230Th/238U]activity = 1 - e-λ230T + (δ234Umeasured/1000)[λ230/(λ230 - λ234)](1 - e-(λ230 - λ234)T), where T is the age. Decay constants (λ) are 9.1577 ×10-6 year-1 for 230Th, 2.8263 × 10-6 year-1 for 234U, and 1.55125 × 10-10 year-1 for 238U.
#---------------------------------------
# Variables
# PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf
#   PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format.
#
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
#
## depth_mm	depth,calcite,,millimeter,,Speleothems,,,N,
## d13C	delta 13C,calcite,,per mil VPDB,,Speleothems,,,N,measurement precision: 0.03 per mil
## d18O	delta 18O,calcite,,per mil VPDB,,Speleothems,,,N,measurement precision: 0.08 per mil
#------------------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing_Values: NA
depth_mm	d13C	d18O	
0.5	-1.9643	-7.2580	
1.0	-1.9353	-7.1460	
1.5	-2.1543	-7.4010	
2.0	-2.5853	-7.1960	
2.5	-2.9343	-7.1190	
3.0	-2.8803	-6.9250	
3.5	-2.0533	-7.2150	
4.0	-2.4733	-7.2110	
4.5	-3.2933	-7.2620	
5.0	-3.9723	-7.3450	
5.5	-3.5443	-7.4130	
6.0	-3.4513	-6.8570	
6.5	-3.6573	-6.9660	
7.0	-3.1873	-6.9180	
7.5	-3.1783	-6.9570	
8.0	-3.4503	-7.1580	
8.5	-3.1103	-6.9520	
9.0	-3.1473	-7.0260	
9.5	-3.3773	-7.3070	
10.0	-3.6423	-7.0270	
10.5	-3.0053	-7.3000	
11.0	-3.0933	-7.4990	
11.5	-3.5843	-7.9670	
12.0	-3.5513	-7.6450	
12.5	-3.2263	-7.1580	
13.0	-3.0533	-6.9720	
13.5	-3.0283	-7.4820	
14.0	-3.2873	-7.5380	
14.5	-3.0393	-7.5790	
15.0	-3.3183	-7.3760	
15.5	-2.9653	-7.3510	
16.0	-3.4733	-7.5700	
16.5	-3.7563	-7.6430	
17.0	-3.0583	-7.6810	
17.5	-3.9773	-7.9050	
18.0	-3.9173	-7.3900	
18.5	-3.5463	-7.2153	
19.0	-3.3373	-7.3733	
19.5	-3.5843	-7.5533	
20.0	-3.3283	-7.1953	
20.5	-3.1473	-6.7663	
21.0	-2.9553	-6.9863	
21.5	-3.4423	-7.0523	
22.0	-3.4683	-6.9543	
22.5	-3.5283	-7.2723	
23.0	-3.6553	-7.1983	
23.5	-4.0683	-7.2683	
24.0	-3.4033	-7.2283	
24.5	-3.6263	-7.2133	
25.0	-3.5953	-7.0873	
25.5	-3.1623	-6.8733	
26.0	-2.4893	-7.7273	
26.5	-3.8293	-7.9073	
27.0	-3.1353	-7.9893	
27.5	-2.9953	-7.9033	
28.0	-2.4733	-7.9723	
28.5	-3.5455	-8.1403	
29.0	-3.3835	-7.9593	
29.5	-1.9675	-7.1833	
30.0	-2.9205	-7.6433	
30.5	-3.3145	-8.1133	
31.0	-3.3115	-8.0453	
31.5	-3.7475	-7.6983	
32.0	-3.9965	-7.9403	
32.5	-3.7365	-8.0463	
33.0	-3.8255	-8.0533	
33.5	-3.8085	-8.0583	
34.0	-4.0275	-7.9343	
34.5	-3.8885	-8.1743	
35.0	-4.1245	-8.2833	
35.5	-3.8465	-8.2983	
36.0	-3.6595	-8.5193	
36.5	-3.7815	-8.4493	
37.0	-4.2565	-8.5123	
37.5	-4.4695	-8.7363	
38.0	-4.3465	-8.9213	
38.5	-4.2693	-8.8253	
39.0	-4.0833	-8.7253	
39.5	-4.2103	-8.6253	
40.0	-3.8953	-8.8003	
40.5	-4.4323	-8.8733	
41.0	-4.5653	-8.9793	
41.5	-3.8823	-8.7823	
42.0	-3.9843	-8.6143	
42.5	-4.1713	-8.4963	
43.0	-3.9553	-8.3873	
43.5	-4.0333	-8.6043	
44.0	-3.9563	-8.5903	
44.5	-4.2313	-8.5393	
45.0	-4.1303	-8.5573	
45.5	-3.9633	-8.6493	
46.0	-4.0073	-8.8183	
46.5	-4.0473	-8.9713	
47.0	-3.9573	-8.7563	
47.5	-3.8133	-8.3683	
48.0	-3.8063	-8.2813	
48.5	-3.4653	-8.1923	
49.0	-3.7405	-8.1540	
49.5	-4.1635	-8.0740	
50.0	-4.4865	-8.0700	
50.5	-4.2295	-8.0480	
51.0	-4.2795	-7.9760	
51.5	-4.3655	-8.1570	
52.0	-3.8185	-8.2000	
52.5	-4.2835	-8.4570	
53.0	-4.4275	-8.5230	
53.5	-4.7615	-8.6660	
54.0	-4.3005	-8.4450	
54.5	-4.2365	-8.5850	
55.0	-4.1015	-8.1670	
55.5	-4.3585	-8.3580	
56.0	-4.3385	-8.4050	
56.5	-4.4005	-8.4360	
57.0	-4.0425	-8.3240	
57.5	-3.8595	-8.2460	
58.0	-4.0155	-8.2580	
58.5	-4.6235	-8.5620	
59.0	-4.4585	-8.5430	
59.5	-4.7185	-8.8190	
60.0	-4.5595	-8.8570	
60.5	-4.8065	-9.0710	
61.0	-4.3805	-8.9310	
61.5	-4.5195	-9.1660	
62.0	-4.5115	-9.1310	
62.5	-4.7415	-9.1730	
63.0	-4.8175	-8.8780	
63.5	-4.5295	-8.6900	
64.0	-4.4495	-8.6720	
64.5	-4.2295	-8.6270	
65.0	-4.8785	-8.8690	
65.5	-4.1615	-8.7470	
66.0	-4.4035	-8.9760	
66.5	-4.7285	-9.2150	
67.0	-4.9535	-8.8700	
67.5	-5.0145	-8.9990	
68.0	-4.8075	-8.9460	
68.5	-4.7315	-9.0000	
69.0	-4.9215	-8.9140	
69.5	-5.0715	-8.7180	
70.0	-4.5075	-8.5190	
70.5	-4.9525	-9.0180	
71.0	-4.2805	-8.8300	
71.5	-4.9865	-9.1550	
72.0	-4.7375	-9.0130	
72.5	-4.9065	-9.2060	
73.0	-5.1305	-9.4610	
73.5	-5.1095	-9.5060	
74.0	-5.3265	-9.3880	
74.5	-5.5235	-9.6490	
75.0	-5.2105	-9.2280	
75.5	-5.4255	-9.2490	
76.0	-4.7535	-8.9630	
76.5	-5.1405	-9.1520	
77.0	-5.0885	-9.1560	
77.5	-5.6165	-9.3580	
78.0	-5.2015	-9.1360	
78.5	-5.3315	-9.1295	
79.0	-5.4603	-8.8923	
79.5	-5.8123	-9.1123	
80.0	-5.7903	-9.0513	
80.5	-5.6833	-9.2623	
81.0	-5.8823	-9.0293	
81.5	-4.2213	-8.6053	
82.0	-3.4043	-8.6313	
82.5	-3.5423	-8.8843	
83.0	-2.9143	-8.5793	
83.5	-3.5313	-8.9153	
84.0	-3.9073	-9.1710	
84.5	-4.8863	-9.6073	
85.0	-4.9323	-9.6573	
85.5	-4.5483	-9.5083	
86.0	-4.6143	-9.3923	
86.5	-4.8553	-9.1763	
87.0	-4.7143	-8.8203	
87.5	-3.5133	-8.8253	
88.0	-4.1753	-9.3673	
88.5	-5.3223	-9.7533	
89.0	-5.2673	-9.7463	
89.5	-5.3563	-9.9153	
90.0	-5.4123	-9.9583	
90.5	-5.0093	-9.9483	
91.0	-5.9843	-10.2173	
91.5	-5.4433	-10.0223	
92.0	-6.4783	-9.9463	
92.5	-4.7753	-9.3153	
93.0	-3.8983	-9.0963	
93.5	-5.5463	-9.6503	
94.0	-5.7383	-9.5943	
94.5	-4.3133	-9.3463	
95.0	-5.5843	-9.7763	
95.5	-5.0573	-9.6623	
96.0	-6.9503	-10.1003	
96.5	-3.2523	-9.0673	
97.0	-3.0543	-8.8983	
97.5	-3.6403	-9.1933	
98.0	-3.3433	-8.7273	
98.5	-3.4287	-9.0988	
99.0	-3.4237	-9.2278	
99.5	-3.7297	-9.4648	
100.0	-3.7967	-9.7168	
100.5	-4.1177	-9.6728	
101.0	-4.3947	-9.4718	
101.5	-4.6047	-9.6828	
102.0	-4.5157	-9.8128	
102.5	-5.3217	-9.7208	
103.0	-5.3287	-9.6558	
103.5	-5.7027	-9.7138	
104.0	-4.9307	-9.4848	
104.5	-5.2097	-9.6738	
105.0	-5.3417	-9.7928	
105.5	-6.2297	-10.0628	
106.0	-3.8287	-9.1878	
106.5	-4.0777	-9.2278	
107.0	-3.4767	-9.0578	
107.5	-4.0257	-9.2458	
108.0	-5.5137	-9.7978	
108.5	-6.3127	-10.2668	
109.0	-5.2057	-10.0588	
109.5	-5.2357	-10.3008	
110.0	-5.5897	-10.2908	
110.5	-4.9097	-10.0468	
111.0	-4.2957	-9.5298	
111.5	-4.0407	-9.4208	
112.0	-5.1127	-9.8248	
112.5	-5.2717	-10.1228	
113.0	-4.7597	-10.2128	
113.5	-5.1467	-10.3938	
114.0	-4.8547	-10.6058	
114.5	-4.8557	-10.5678	
115.0	-4.8047	-10.4598	
115.5	-4.8617	-10.3428	
116.0	-5.2957	-10.8258	
116.5	-5.4697	-10.8858	
117.0	-5.9107	-10.6228	
117.5	-6.1117	-10.5138	
118.0	-5.8307	-11.1008	
118.5	-6.2800	-11.1030	
119.0	-5.7550	-10.9120	
119.5	-5.8260	-10.6380	
120.0	-5.3880	-10.4040	
120.5	-5.3920	-10.8870	
121.0	-5.3330	-10.7590	
121.5	-5.2975	-10.7150	
122.0	-4.8290	-10.9460	
122.5	-4.9700	-10.8550	
123.0	-5.3220	-11.0350	
123.5	-4.1600	-10.2860	
124.0	-4.4150	-10.1030	
124.5	-4.3470	-9.8120	
125.0	-4.0650	-10.1630	
125.5	-4.2110	-10.6040	
126.0	-4.0930	-10.7560	
126.5	-4.1250	-10.8720	
127.0	-3.9140	-10.6690	
127.5	-3.9000	-10.5350	
128.0	-3.9750	-10.8050	
128.5	-4.1830	-10.7260	
129.0	-4.1770	-10.5490	
129.5	-3.9780	-10.7720	
130.0	-3.9720	-10.5550	
130.5	-3.6540	-10.5520	
131.0	-3.9930	-10.6470	
131.5	-3.7340	-10.1510	
132.0	-3.8170	-10.4740	
132.5	-4.1300	-10.7850	
133.0	-4.1490	-10.5160	
133.5	-4.5560	-10.8720	
134.0	-4.2950	-10.9440	
134.5	-4.8130	-11.1220	
135.0	-4.4980	-10.8750	
135.5	-4.8910	-11.2220	
136.0	-4.7600	-11.0770	
136.5	-4.8480	-10.5190	
137.0	-4.6530	-10.6510	
137.5	-4.8030	-11.0690	
138.0	-4.7640	-11.1100	
138.5	-4.4483	-11.2450	
139.0	-4.3283	-11.0150	
139.5	-4.0903	-10.9010	
140.0	-3.9013	-10.8730	
140.5	-3.7943	-11.1270	
141.0	-3.7843	-11.1440	
141.5	-3.6943	-11.0390	
142.0	-3.8443	-11.0390	
142.5	-4.1263	-11.1980	
143.0	-4.3333	-11.3640	
143.5	-4.1423	-10.8950	
144.0	-4.0313	-10.9990	
144.5	-3.7053	-10.3880	
145.0	-3.8013	-10.9650	
145.5	-3.5093	-10.9060	
146.0	-3.6063	-10.7650	
146.5	-3.6583	-10.1600	
147.0	-3.6453	-9.8680	
147.5	-3.3283	-9.8220	
148.0	-3.3093	-9.8810	
148.5	-3.8343	-10.3300	
149.0	-4.4293	-10.5090	
149.5	-4.4998	-10.6713	
150.0	-3.6828	-10.0963	
150.5	-4.0698	-10.8033	
151.0	-4.1958	-10.7523	
151.5	-3.6648	-10.7363	
152.0	-3.6158	-10.7233	
152.5	-4.1878	-10.8983	
153.0	-4.0608	-10.7563	
153.5	-3.4138	-10.6483	
154.0	-3.5428	-10.7833	
154.5	-3.9418	-10.6283	
155.0	-3.8688	-10.8103	
155.5	-3.4878	-10.6913	
156.0	-3.6818	-10.6073	
156.5	-4.1118	-10.7193	
157.0	-4.3148	-10.6413	
157.5	-3.9625	-10.6928	
158.0	-4.2115	-10.5678	
158.5	-4.2305	-10.4658	
159.0	-4.2245	-10.4318	
159.5	-4.7795	-10.7358	
160.0	-5.1235	-10.9328	
160.5	-5.5875	-11.1298	
161.0	-5.4955	-10.9938	
161.5	-4.4355	-10.7108	
162.0	-3.3095	-9.8228	
162.5	-3.7435	-9.9818	
163.0	-4.2405	-10.1598	
163.5	-4.4895	-10.3838	
164.0	-4.3995	-10.1118	
164.5	-4.3575	-9.8728	
165.0	-4.9915	-10.0848	
165.5	-4.9635	-10.6178	
166.0	-4.8955	-10.6278	
166.5	-5.7915	-10.9718	
167.0	-5.9255	-11.2248	
167.5	-5.3985	-10.9928	
168.0	-5.3935	-10.7738	
168.5	-5.5345	-10.7078	
169.0	-5.3285	-10.9038	
169.5	-5.3255	-10.9268	
170.0	-5.3555	-11.0968	
170.5	-6.0928	-11.5233	
171.0	-5.6345	-11.1218	
171.5	-4.4545	-10.9008	
172.0	-3.9355	-10.5048	
172.5	-4.3675	-10.4938	
173.0	-4.1605	-10.5058	
173.5	-3.9485	-10.4608	
174.0	-4.2595	-10.6048	
174.5	-5.0205	-10.3338	
175.0	-5.4405	-10.5988	
175.5	-4.7615	-10.4328	
176.0	-5.1805	-10.5338	
176.5	-5.4955	-10.5808	
177.0	-5.1695	-10.2558	
177.5	-5.6938	-10.1815	
178.0	-5.3038	-10.2535	
178.5	-5.2498	-10.2885	
179.0	-5.3108	-10.5795	
179.5	-5.6208	-10.6425	
180.0	-5.5578	-10.6965	
180.5	-5.0738	-9.8245	
181.0	-5.6168	-10.6925	
181.5	-5.8258	-10.4645	
182.0	-5.7358	-10.3905	
182.5	-5.5285	-10.6290	
183.0	-5.1675	-10.1410	
183.5	-4.9505	-9.5410	
184.0	-4.7445	-10.4570	
184.5	-4.6828	-9.8183	
185.0	-4.6265	-9.7340	
185.5	-4.7478	-10.1253	
186.0	-4.7748	-10.0573	
186.5	-4.7258	-10.1363