# Grand Canyon Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data during the Early Holocene #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/38391 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-38391.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: Monsoon, Younger Dryas, thermal maximum #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/arizona/lachniet2023/lachniet2023-copra-d18o.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; COPRA d18O Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2023-08-03 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2023-08-03 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Grand Canyon Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data during the Early Holocene #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Lachniet, Matthew (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-0144); Du, Xiaojing; Dee, Sylvia; Asmerom, Yemane; Polyak, Victor; Tobin, Benjamin #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: # Provided Keywords: North American Monsoon; groundwater recharge; infiltration; uranium isotopes #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Lachniet, Matthew S.; Xiaojing Du; Sylvia G. Dee; Yemane Asmerom; Victor J. Polyak; Benjamin W. Tobin # Published_Date_or_Year: 2023 # Published_Title: Elevated Grand Canyon groundwater recharge during the warm Early Holocene # Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Summer rainfall is an important contributor to water budgets in western North American deserts, where intense rainfall sustains ecosystems while also causing flash floods and damaging erosion. A better understanding of Grand Canyon paleoclimate and the long-term history of the summer monsoon from summer sensitive paleoclimate records will improve our ability to project future hydroclimatic changes under warmer conditions. Here we show multi-proxy evidence for an intensification of the Early Holocene (11,700 to 8200 years ago) hydrological cycle linked to a stronger and expanded summer North American Monsoon, from calcite oxygen and uranium isotopes in a uranium-series precisely-dated stalagmite from a Grand Canyon cave. Our results suggest that subsurface infiltration was greater in the Early Holocene than today at Grand Canyon. A data-model comparison with an isotope-enabled climate model suggests that enhanced infiltration was due to an Early Holocene monsoon intensification associated with rising atmospheric temperature. Projections of a future increase in precipitation intensity or more frequent and expanded North American monsoon rain events may paradoxically result in increased subsurface infiltration at Grand Canyon and other high-altitude plateaus, even within the context of western North American aridification in a hotter climate. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: ATM-1405546 and 1405557 #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Grand Canyon GC-1 # Location: Arizona # Northernmost_Latitude: 36.055 # Southernmost_Latitude: 36.055 # Easternmost_Longitude: -112.14 # Westernmost_Longitude: -112.14 # Elevation_m: 2093 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: COPRA d18O Lachniet2023 # First_Year: 13959 # Last_Year: 8533 # Time_Unit: calendar year before present # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes, age control # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # Depth (mm) 238U (ng/g) 232Th (pg/g) 230Th/232Th activity ratio 230Th/238U activity ratio Measured d234U (‰) Initial d234U (‰) Uncorrected age (yr BP) Corrected age* (yr BP) Corrected age (yr B2k) d18O (‰ VPDB) # 158.319162375572 1.15778346024561 162.383126357509 1.18774575184048 9009.64210613991 50.4368932839777 8981.20876760314 52.3837860656471 8964.20876760314 52.3837860656471 -7.184 # 155.909655119314 1.15536320564691 160.126124479286 1.1866697737094 9456.78974078132 26.5060939034811 9455.88579450541 26.5302095738127 9438.88579450541 26.5302095738127 -7.04633333333333 # 168.103688463671 1.16745381574155 172.785031756508 1.20002641687112 9735.2427709828 24.8722311634585 9733.04911469558 24.8952735978126 9711.04911469558 24.8952735978126 -7.88258333333333 # 159.139104329491 1.15851042831387 163.819857165249 1.19264957993166 10272.9847433044 26.6950683976059 10272.1779285941 26.7087364564289 10250.1779285941 26.7087364564289 -8.835 # 166.940368247641 1.16627023560644 171.941390694004 1.20131292893278 10461.7099769223 32.6819253742716 10459.3788498298 32.7010583639687 10442.3788498298 32.7010583639687 -8.06666666666667 # 172.795724736552 1.17211832456241 178.195541574866 1.20882812858098 10904.623522143 27.9000490961043 10903.8718337041 27.9020089509032 10886.8718337041 27.9020089509032 -9.193 # 185.246073079304 1.18458043316839 191.194856967318 1.22306509457206 11205.5546396503 61.0616562784163 11200.341434974 61.0937871334643 11183.341434974 61.0937871334643 -9.82366666666667 # 186.242986088112 1.18555897307766 192.453349666996 1.22562737592641 11623.8618999724 66.6860601901422 11623.2776778064 66.6862778817184 11606.2776778064 66.6862778817184 -10.6305 # 186.897562726239 1.18625318732661 193.395958534418 1.22762438265404 12112.7396539708 32.1332804555669 12111.3697160752 32.1450357345827 12089.3697160752 32.1450357345827 -10.3406666666667 # 184.032457137816 1.18337184430871 190.654065316545 1.22607312752556 12526.2599226824 32.2481624489835 12525.7684066013 32.2486968079468 12508.7684066013 32.2486968079468 -10.9653333333333 # 188.503729201166 1.18784643977579 195.572070888706 1.23253108274454 13045.8241733786 34.1067419719961 13044.0778315165 34.1169942586957 13027.0778315165 34.1169942586957 -10.4525 # 182.804839758729 1.18213019995415 190.013434300181 1.22941002648313 13708.7148632536 75.3434338823965 13704.7554375714 75.3656224000529 13687.7554375714 75.3656224000529 -11.04075 # 170.115274917423 1.16944506906679 176.922907785306 1.21637011719337 13913.291302259 34.824023262344 13903.9543655914 35.1286509247064 13881.9543655914 35.1286509247064 -10.408 # *Corrected ages use an average crustal value for the initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio = 4.4 ± 2.2 ppm. Years before present = yrs BP, where present is AD 2017 or AD 2022. yr B2k means years before 2000 CE. All errors are absolute 2σ. Subsample sizes range from 50 to 130 mg. δ234U = ([234U/238U]activity -1) x 1000. [230Th/238U]activity = 1 - e-λ230T + (δ234Umeasured/1000)[λ230/(λ230 - λ234)](1 - e-(λ230 - λ234)T), where T is the age. Decay constants (λ) are 9.1577 ×10-6 year-1 for 230Th, 2.8263 × 10-6 year-1 for 234U, and 1.55125 × 10-10 year-1 for 238U. #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## Age_yrB2k age,calcite,,calendar year before present,,Speleothems,,,N,Years before CE 2000 (yr B2k) ## d18O delta 18O,calcite,,per mil VPDB,,Speleothems,,,N,measurement precision: 0.08 per mil ## Age_2.5%-Quantile age,calcite,97.5% confidence interval upper bound,calendar year before present,,Speleothems,,,N,Age: 2.5%-Quantile ## Age_97.5%-Quantile age,calcite,97.5% confidence interval lower bound,calendar year before present,,Speleothems,,,N,Age: 97.5%-Quantile ## d18O_2.5%-Quantile delta 18O,calcite,97.5% confidence interval upper bound,per mil VPDB,,Speleothems,,,N,d18O: 2.5%-Quantile ## d18O_97.5%-Quantile delta 18O,calcite,97.5% confidence interval lower bound,per mil VPDB,,Speleothems,,,N,d18O: 97.5%-Quantile ## Depth_from_top depth,,,millimeter,,Speleothems,,,N,Depth from top (mm) #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NaN Age_yrB2k d18O Age_2.5%-Quantile Age_97.5%-Quantile d18O_2.5%-Quantile d18O_97.5%-Quantile Depth_from_top 8533.2091 -7.1961 8228.3017 8844.3374 -7.3849 -6.9429 0.5 8556.773 -7.1868 8266.1086 8852.7436 -7.3863 -6.9407 1 8580.2324 -7.187 8303.5895 8861.5127 -7.3921 -6.935 1.5 8603.5865 -7.1846 8339.0824 8869.0762 -7.3908 -6.9287 2 8626.834 -7.1894 8374.366 8878.594 -7.391 -6.9207 2.5 8649.9739 -7.1834 8408.3685 8886.9858 -7.3935 -6.8965 3 8673.0052 -7.1805 8443.7665 8896.7243 -7.3975 -6.8968 3.5 8695.9268 -7.1701 8479.1722 8907.1083 -7.3976 -6.8799 4 8718.7378 -7.1561 8514.2468 8916.9758 -7.402 -6.8725 4.5 8741.4369 -7.1308 8549.0566 8928.3646 -7.4003 -6.8816 5 8764.0232 -7.1079 8582.4063 8940.6392 -7.4003 -6.8767 5.5 8786.4957 -7.0894 8616.5597 8951.9436 -7.3936 -6.8786 6 8808.8532 -7.0788 8648.5876 8964.0874 -7.3968 -6.8779 6.5 8831.0947 -7.0664 8680.3079 8977.7352 -7.3915 -6.8784 7 8853.2192 -7.0616 8712.799 8991.3008 -7.3875 -6.8926 7.5 8875.2257 -7.0658 8744.5537 9004.6119 -7.372 -6.9004 8 8897.113 -7.0881 8773.6555 9017.8757 -7.3984 -6.9183 8.5 8918.8801 -7.1252 8802.4227 9031.9422 -7.5314 -6.9232 9 8940.5259 -7.1798 8831.6317 9046.748 -7.8183 -6.9293 9.5 8962.0495 -7.2626 8862.1346 9061.3103 -7.892 -6.9411 10 8983.4498 -7.3579 8889.2218 9076.8855 -7.9335 -6.9581 10.5 9004.7256 -7.4346 8916.6201 9092.7206 -7.9436 -6.9786 11 9025.876 -7.4598 8943.5693 9108.1077 -7.9484 -6.9925 11.5 9046.9 -7.4346 8969.9374 9124.3187 -7.9377 -6.9945 12 9067.7964 -7.3893 8994.9702 9141.3519 -7.9286 -6.9835 12.5 9088.5641 -7.3604 9019.4919 9159.0216 -7.8663 -6.9865 13 9109.2023 -7.3827 9043.003 9176.5272 -7.7636 -6.9863 13.5 9129.7097 -7.4299 9064.4355 9194.9369 -7.5782 -7.0094 14 9150.0854 -7.4565 9087.6299 9212.1363 -7.5789 -7.076 14.5 9170.3283 -7.4654 9109.955 9229.9367 -7.6351 -7.3511 15 9190.4374 -7.4875 9132.6427 9248.3286 -7.6738 -7.3535 15.5 9210.4115 -7.5416 9152.2878 9267.1235 -7.814 -7.3539 16 9230.2497 -7.609 9172.9499 9286.7983 -7.8731 -7.3535 16.5 9249.9508 -7.639 9194.3885 9305.6501 -7.8883 -7.2767 17 9269.514 -7.5933 9214.1304 9324.2574 -7.8877 -7.2347 17.5 9288.938 -7.5079 9234.37 9343.5953 -7.8858 -7.2253 18 9308.2218 -7.4248 9253.7938 9363.5889 -7.8688 -7.2163 18.5 9327.3645 -7.3584 9272.8491 9382.9166 -7.755 -6.9019 19 9346.3648 -7.2789 9292.5725 9402.0423 -7.5484 -6.8057 19.5 9365.2219 -7.1688 9312.1321 9420.2914 -7.5388 -6.785 20 9383.9346 -7.0669 9331.6056 9438.5103 -7.5242 -6.781 20.5 9402.5019 -7.0132 9350.5418 9455.1034 -7.4297 -6.7841 21 9420.9227 -7.0272 9370.267 9473.1031 -7.2694 -6.796 21.5 9439.196 -7.0837 9389.3433 9490.3134 -7.266 -6.8683 22 9457.0798 -7.1466 9407.8841 9506.3594 -7.2678 -6.9573 22.5 9474.4011 -7.1957 9426.7168 9521.1021 -7.268 -6.9662 23 9491.2621 -7.2186 9444.8474 9536.1977 -7.2671 -7.0173 23.5 9507.7653 -7.2077 9463.7617 9551.096 -7.2663 -7.0102 24 9524.0128 -7.1729 9481.7744 9566.001 -7.2682 -6.9128 24.5 9540.1072 -7.1714 9499.6007 9580.435 -7.7972 -6.8954 25 9556.1506 -7.2804 9517.6817 9595.4998 -7.9351 -6.8884 25.5 9572.2455 -7.5247 9533.7962 9611.2376 -7.9771 -6.8931 26 9588.494 -7.7739 9549.5338 9626.6837 -7.986 -6.9411 26.5 9604.9987 -7.906 9565.5667 9644.191 -8.0341 -7.3804 27 9621.8617 -7.9547 9582.2844 9662.2348 -8.1155 -7.8216 27.5 9639.1854 -7.9724 9597.8308 9681.3719 -8.1298 -7.6307 28 9657.0722 -7.9318 9614.0617 9701.0032 -8.1339 -7.2332 28.5 9675.6243 -7.8055 9631.144 9722.1011 -8.1324 -7.2218 29 9694.9441 -7.6773 9649.5503 9742.5927 -8.1123 -7.2052 29.5 9715.1339 -7.7185 9667.8994 9764.43 -8.1077 -7.215 30 9736.9892 -7.8715 9688.3113 9786.4052 -8.109 -7.2744 30.5 9761.0491 -7.9311 9712.1842 9810.1095 -8.1075 -7.5962 31 9787.0319 -7.8864 9737.1858 9835.3767 -8.0924 -7.7054 31.5 9814.6557 -7.9195 9764.6704 9862.4284 -8.0524 -7.7131 32 9843.6386 -8.0063 9794.2505 9891.1114 -8.0559 -7.7851 32.5 9873.6987 -8.0427 9824.2178 9920.2269 -8.0578 -7.9636 33 9904.5541 -8.0315 9854.9912 9950.7621 -8.0617 -7.9433 33.5 9935.923 -8.0353 9887.9754 9981.4605 -8.2324 -7.9379 34 9967.5235 -8.1434 9919.5883 10013.4392 -8.2922 -7.9462 34.5 9999.0738 -8.2605 9949.8855 10045.2044 -8.429 -8.0675 35 10030.2919 -8.3481 9980.6512 10077.3881 -8.5121 -8.2319 35.5 10060.8959 -8.4415 10011.0897 10110.87 -8.5182 -8.2905 36 10090.6041 -8.4971 10038.8124 10142.021 -8.7258 -8.3878 36.5 10119.1345 -8.58 10066.5685 10172.4027 -8.8885 -8.4521 37 10146.2053 -8.7089 10091.7566 10200.8721 -8.915 -8.4681 37.5 10171.5346 -8.7942 10115.0612 10226.2736 -8.9172 -8.5109 38 10194.8405 -8.7957 10137.3599 10249.78 -8.9143 -8.6297 38.5 10215.8411 -8.7691 10158.2333 10270.7327 -8.9178 -8.6328 39 10234.2546 -8.7637 10177.1617 10288.4185 -8.9438 -8.63 39.5 10249.799 -8.7821 10194.6797 10301.7647 -8.964 -8.6269 40 10263.4154 -8.7921 10210.4176 10313.2955 -8.9693 -8.5312 40.5 10276.2708 -8.7769 10224.7772 10324.1141 -8.9691 -8.4452 41 10288.4226 -8.7283 10239.8444 10333.6386 -8.9696 -8.4163 41.5 10299.9282 -8.6667 10253.3421 10343.5807 -8.97 -8.4034 42 10310.8451 -8.6095 10266.7402 10353.9621 -8.9509 -8.3997 42.5 10321.2307 -8.5729 10277.4107 10363.9047 -8.9224 -8.3967 43 10331.1423 -8.5662 10287.1333 10373.7155 -8.8939 -8.3972 43.5 10340.6376 -8.5753 10296.9942 10384.533 -8.8925 -8.3924 44 10349.7737 -8.5936 10305.634 10393.0282 -8.9288 -8.3157 44.5 10358.6083 -8.6077 10313.1811 10402.8075 -8.9472 -8.1946 45 10367.1986 -8.6093 10319.8411 10412.9338 -8.9434 -8.139 45.5 10375.6022 -8.5944 10326.5296 10423.205 -8.9508 -8.0736 46 10383.8764 -8.5613 10333.0215 10434.002 -8.9509 -8.0695 46.5 10392.0787 -8.5135 10339.694 10444.0357 -8.953 -8.056 47 10400.2665 -8.4563 10346.4513 10454.6025 -8.9533 -8.0357 47.5 10408.4972 -8.3942 10351.9771 10464.8406 -8.9511 -8.0113 48 10416.8283 -8.3289 10358.7639 10475.4719 -8.9445 -8.0101 48.5 10425.3171 -8.2705 10365.9542 10485.8199 -8.9244 -7.9988 49 10434.0211 -8.2268 10372.7928 10495.8719 -8.8695 -7.9954 49.5 10442.9977 -8.2019 10380.9646 10505.8473 -8.7642 -7.9908 50 10452.1394 -8.1993 10388.7846 10515.5703 -8.6441 -7.9853 50.5 10461.2992 -8.2172 10396.7839 10525.3656 -8.6372 -7.988 51 10470.4752 -8.244 10404.1063 10535.3164 -8.6325 -7.9877 51.5 10479.6659 -8.2803 10411.8977 10544.9565 -8.6422 -7.9906 52 10488.8692 -8.3126 10420.1798 10554.6407 -8.6476 -7.9904 52.5 10498.0836 -8.3475 10429.0375 10563.7603 -8.6459 -7.9968 53 10507.3072 -8.3694 10438.1721 10573.0373 -8.6422 -7.9985 53.5 10516.5383 -8.3913 10447.5982 10581.624 -8.6446 -8.0298 54 10525.775 -8.4005 10457.0995 10590.3012 -8.6476 -8.0577 54.5 10535.0156 -8.4065 10465.9786 10599.1548 -8.6505 -8.1545 55 10544.2583 -8.4083 10475.4908 10608.0773 -8.6534 -8.1782 55.5 10553.5014 -8.4041 10486.074 10616.9015 -8.7702 -8.1835 56 10562.7431 -8.4099 10496.3057 10625.3582 -8.8469 -8.1915 56.5 10571.9816 -8.4316 10505.7968 10634.0365 -8.9605 -8.2185 57 10581.2152 -8.4663 10515.344 10642.7332 -9.0419 -8.2368 57.5 10590.442 -8.5094 10525.4513 10651.3124 -9.0617 -8.2465 58 10599.6603 -8.5668 10535.1866 10659.744 -9.1373 -8.2473 58.5 10608.8683 -8.6373 10545.2601 10668.0558 -9.1504 -8.2488 59 10618.0642 -8.7159 10555.2341 10676.3668 -9.1597 -8.2496 59.5 10627.2464 -8.7898 10565.5018 10684.1883 -9.1599 -8.2516 60 10636.4129 -8.8551 10575.6685 10693.0664 -9.1628 -8.2552 60.5 10645.5621 -8.9029 10585.4646 10702.0584 -9.165 -8.2726 61 10654.6921 -8.9348 10595.9862 10711.6853 -9.165 -8.4092 61.5 10663.8012 -8.9402 10605.532 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