# Asian and South American Speleothem Oxygen and Carbon Isotope Data during Heinrich Stadial 2
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#               World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                   and
#                      NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Template Version 4.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data.
# If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed.
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space
# Data lines have no '#'
#
# NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/36854
#   Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-36854.json
#   Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Data_Type: Speleothems
#
# Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/18dq-7a17
#
# Science_Keywords: 
#---------------------------------------
# Resource_Links
#
# Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/dong2022/dong2022-yx-51.txt
#   Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Stalagmite YX-51 d18O Data
#
#---------------------------------------
# Contribution_Date
#   Date: 2022-09-20
#---------------------------------------
# File_Last_Modified_Date
#   Date: 2023-03-24
#---------------------------------------
# Title
#   Study_Name: Asian and South American Speleothem Oxygen and Carbon Isotope Data during Heinrich Stadial 2
#---------------------------------------
# Investigators
#   Investigators: Dong, Xiyu; Kathayat, Gayatri; Rasmussen, Sune O.; Svensson, Anders; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Li, Hanying; Sinha, Ashish; Xu, Yao; Zhang, Haiwei; Shi, Zhengguo;  Cai, Yanjun; Pérez-Mejías, Carlos; Baker, Jonathan; Zhao, Jingyao; Spötl, Christoph; Columbu, Andrea; Ning, Youfeng; Stríkis, Nicolás M.; Chen, Shitao; Wang, Xianfeng; Gupta, Anil K.; Dutt, Som; Zhang, Fan; Cruz, Francisco W.; An, Zhisheng; Edwards, R. Lawrence; Cheng, Hai
#---------------------------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#   Description: 
#         Provided Keywords: Heinrich Stadial 2, timing, structure, ice-core chronology, climate dynamics
#---------------------------------------
# Publication
#   Authors: Dong, Xiyu, Gayatri Kathayat, Sune O. Rasmussen, Anders Svensson, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Hanying Li, Ashish Sinha, Yao Xu, Haiwei Zhang, Zhengguo Shi, Yanjun Cai, Carlos Pérez-Mejías, Jonathan Baker, Jingyao Zhao, Christoph Spötl, Andrea Columbu, Youfeng Ning, Nicolás M. Stríkis, Shitao Chen, Xianfeng Wang, Anil K. Gupta, Som Dutt, Fan Zhang, Francisco W. Cruz, Zhisheng An, R. Lawrence Edwards, Hai Cheng
#   Published_Date_or_Year: 2022-10-04
#   Published_Title: Coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean dynamics during Heinrich Stadial 2
#   Journal_Name: Nature Communications
#   Volume: 13
#   Edition:
#   Issue:
#   Pages:
#   Report_Number: 5867
#   DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33583-4
#   Online_Resource: 
#   Full_Citation: 
#   Abstract: Our understanding of climate dynamics during millennial-scale events is incomplete, partially due to the lack of their precise phase analyses under various boundary conditions. Here we present nine speleothem oxygen-isotope records from mid-to-low-latitude monsoon regimes with sub-centennial age precision and multi-annual resolution, spanning the Heinrich Stadial 2 (HS2) — a millennial-scale event that occurred at the Last Glacial Maximum. Our data suggests that the Greenland and Antarctica ice-core chronologies require +320- and +400-year adjustments, respectively, supported by extant volcanic evidence and radiocarbon ages. Our chronological framework shows a synchronous HS2 onset globally. Our records precisely characterize a centennial-scale abrupt “tropical atmospheric seesaw” superimposed on the conventional “bipolar seesaw” at the beginning of HS2, implying a unique response/feedback from low-latitude hydroclimate. Together with our observation of an early South American monsoon shift at the HS2 termination, we suggest a more active role of low-latitude hydroclimate dynamics underlying millennial events than previously thought.  
#---------------------------------------
# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China
#   Grant: 41888101, 41731174, 42150710534, 41703007 and 42172201
#---------------------------------------
# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
#   Grant: XDB 40000000
#---------------------------------------
# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: FAPESP
#   Grant: 2017/50085-3
#---------------------------------------
# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: Carlsberg Foundation 
#   Grant: SOR’s ChronoClimate project
#---------------------------------------
# Site_Information
#   Site_Name: Yongxing Cave 
#   Location: China
#   Northernmost_Latitude: 31.6
#   Southernmost_Latitude: 31.6
#   Easternmost_Longitude: 111.2
#   Westernmost_Longitude: 111.2
#   Elevation_m: 700
#---------------------------------------
# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: Stalagmite YX-51 d18O Dong2022
#   First_Year: 24870
#   Last_Year: 23190
#   Time_Unit: cal yr BP
#   Core_Length_m: 
#   Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes
#   Notes: 
#---------------------------------------
# Chronology_Information 
# Chronology: Uranium-Thorium
#   Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv
#     Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions.
#   Chronology_Notes: The sample number is named as “speleothem number-depth (mm)"
#   238U_Decay_Constant: 1.55125x10[-10]
#   234U_Decay_Constant: 2.82206x10[-6]
#   230Th_Decay_Constant: 9.1705x10[-6]
#   Initial_230Th/232Th: 4.4 ± 2.2 ppm
#   Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: Values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8.  The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%.
#   Missing_Values: na
#   Chronology_Table:
#samp_id	depth_top_mm	238U_ppb	238U_2s_ppb	232Th_ppt	232Th_2s_ppt	230Th_232Th_atom_ppm	230Th_232Th_atom_2s_ppm	d234U_meas_permil	d234U_meas_2s_permil	230Th_238U_act	230Th_238U_act_2s	age_uncorr_BM	age_uncorr_2s_yr	age_corr_BM	age_corr_2s_yr	d234U_init_permil	d234U_init_2s_permil	age_corr_BP1950	age_corr_2s_yr
#YX51-205	20.5	958.894918	0.917104	2333.292051	47.105625	2010.345388	40.870979	531.442448	1.532135	0.296690	0.000766	23192	71	23147	78	567.316204	1.640282	23078	78
#YX51-285	28.5	1018.620028	1.004235	1212.344206	24.856040	4284.651939	88.291373	557.494013	1.550086	0.309288	0.000708	23823	66	23802	68	596.226947	1.661679	23733	68
#YX51-335	33.5	846.058971	0.816869	821.906291	17.116541	5248.894279	109.940754	546.668719	1.642118	0.309260	0.000754	24009	71	23991	72	584.962268	1.761147	23922	72
#YX51-350	35	848.794333	0.797209	433.230301	10.318098	10030.747602	240.013911	545.145272	1.667150	0.310516	0.000772	24144	73	24134	73	583.567615	1.788685	24064	73
#YX51-380	38	803.788513	0.674656	570.599505	12.437972	7238.161406	158.515402	546.059047	1.561070	0.311639	0.000708	24224	67	24211	67	584.672367	1.675154	24141	67
#YX51-480	48	840.301500	0.781884	789.727063	17.022136	5533.025440	120.797132	542.261010	1.466704	0.315383	0.001133	24614	101	24597	102	581.239043	1.581037	24528	102
#YX51-560	56	757.935594	0.725842	1720.429885	34.855625	2265.714350	46.362083	513.551516	1.488000	0.311921	0.000944	24838	88	24796	93	550.774325	1.602363	24727	93
#
#---------------------------------------
# Variables
# PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf
#   PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format.
#
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
#
## depth_mm	depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N,depth from top; the distance of dating sample drilled
## age_calyrBP	age,,,calendar year before present,,speleothems,,,N,age of subsample; year before 1950
## d18O_aragcor	delta 18O,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,corrected,,N,delta 18O after aragonite correction
#------------------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing_Values: -999
depth_mm	age_calyrBP	d18O_aragcor	
19.7	23192	-6.903	
19.9	23203	-6.986	
20.1	23214	-7.047	
20.3	23224	-7.193	
20.5	23235	-7.152	
20.7	23246	-7.375	
20.8	23252	-7.455	
20.9	23258	-7.257	
21	23263	-7.33	
21.1	23269	-7.18	
21.2	23275	-7.262	
21.3	23280	-7.257	
21.4	23286	-7.214	
21.5	23292	-7.032	
21.6	23298	-7.069	
21.7	23304	-6.846	
21.8	23310	-6.751	
21.9	23316	-6.675	
22	23323	-6.727	
22.1	23329	-6.698	
22.2	23336	-6.811	
22.3	23342	-6.726	
22.4	23349	-6.575	
22.5	23355	-6.449	
22.6	23362	-6.436	
22.7	23368	-6.418	
22.8	23375	-6.416	
22.9	23382	-6.561	
23	23389	-6.488	
23.1	23396	-6.525	
23.2	23402	-6.513	
23.3	23409	-6.504	
23.4	23416	-6.57	
23.5	23423	-6.524	
23.6	23430	-6.615	
23.7	23437	-6.765	
23.8	23444	-6.613	
23.9	23451	-6.584	
24	23458	-6.687	
24.1	23465	-6.675	
24.3	23478	-6.624	
24.4	23485	-6.71	
24.6	23499	-6.741	
24.7	23506	-6.667	
24.8	23512	-6.721	
24.9	23519	-6.718	
25	23525	-6.642	
25.1	23532	-6.668	
25.2	23538	-6.498	
25.3	23544	-6.501	
25.4	23551	-6.487	
25.5	23557	-6.582	
25.6	23563	-6.524	
25.7	23569	-6.494	
25.8	23575	-6.398	
25.9	23580	-6.461	
26	23586	-6.393	
26.1	23591	-6.415	
26.2	23597	-6.403	
26.3	23602	-6.455	
26.4	23607	-6.416	
26.5	23612	-6.404	
26.6	23618	-6.31	
26.7	23623	-6.221	
26.8	23628	-6.248	
26.9	23632	-6.325	
27	23637	-6.37	
27.1	23642	-6.429	
27.2	23647	-6.376	
27.3	23652	-6.346	
27.4	23657	-6.21	
27.5	23661	-6.256	
27.6	23666	-6.216	
27.7	23671	-6.153	
27.8	23675	-6.089	
27.9	23680	-6.116	
28	23685	-6.081	
28.1	23690	-5.991	
28.2	23694	-5.888	
28.3	23699	-5.821	
28.4	23704	-5.8	
28.5	23709	-5.794	
28.6	23713	-5.776	
28.7	23718	-5.91	
28.8	23723	-5.997	
28.9	23728	-5.991	
29	23733	-6.064	
29.1	23738	-6.082	
29.2	23743	-6.067	
29.3	23748	-6.064	
29.4	23752	-6.021	
29.5	23757	-6.172	
29.6	23762	-6.149	
29.7	23768	-6.21	
29.8	23773	-6.11	
29.9	23778	-6.218	
30	23783	-6.277	
30.1	23788	-6.207	
30.2	23793	-6.096	
30.3	23798	-6.039	
30.4	23804	-6.111	
30.5	23809	-6.163	
30.6	23814	-5.989	
30.7	23819	-5.972	
30.8	23824	-5.94	
30.9	23830	-5.934	
31	23835	-5.881	
31.1	23840	-5.913	
31.2	23845	-5.921	
31.3	23850	-5.889	
31.4	23855	-5.878	
31.5	23860	-5.968	
31.6	23865	-5.892	
31.7	23870	-5.95	
31.8	23875	-5.971	
31.9	23880	-5.892	
32	23885	-5.855	
32.1	23890	-5.888	
32.2	23895	-5.8	
32.3	23899	-5.762	
32.4	23904	-5.769	
32.5	23909	-5.695	
32.7	23918	-5.674	
32.8	23923	-5.674	
32.9	23927	-5.576	
33	23932	-5.537	
33.1	23936	-5.544	
33.2	23941	-5.527	
33.3	23945	-5.515	
33.4	23950	-5.524	
33.7	23964	-5.592	
33.8	23968	-5.569	
33.9	23973	-5.56	
34	23977	-5.557	
34.1	23982	-5.575	
34.2	23986	-5.595	
34.3	23991	-5.639	
34.4	23995	-5.619	
34.5	24000	-5.653	
34.6	24004	-5.592	
34.7	24009	-5.673	
34.8	24013	-5.673	
34.9	24017	-5.67	
35	24022	-5.64	
35.1	24026	-5.687	
35.2	24031	-5.641	
35.3	24035	-5.68	
35.4	24039	-5.676	
35.5	24044	-5.688	
35.6	24048	-5.69	
35.7	24052	-5.648	
35.8	24057	-5.712	
35.9	24061	-5.676	
36	24065	-5.71	
36.1	24069	-5.756	
36.2	24073	-5.672	
36.3	24078	-5.604	
36.4	24082	-5.768	
36.5	24086	-5.738	
36.6	24090	-5.708	
36.7	24094	-5.709	
36.8	24098	-5.667	
36.9	24102	-5.648	
37	24106	-5.705	
37.1	24110	-5.665	
37.2	24114	-5.773	
37.3	24118	-5.734	
37.4	24122	-5.741	
37.5	24126	-5.716	
37.6	24130	-5.625	
37.7	24133	-5.519	
37.8	24137	-5.596	
37.9	24141	-5.647	
38	24145	-5.61	
38.1	24149	-5.607	
38.2	24153	-5.559	
38.3	24156	-5.593	
38.4	24160	-5.575	
38.5	24164	-5.591	
38.6	24168	-5.606	
38.7	24171	-5.571	
38.8	24175	-5.728	
38.9	24179	-5.725	
39	24182	-5.654	
39.1	24186	-5.73	
39.2	24190	-5.817	
39.3	24193	-5.734	
39.4	24197	-5.819	
39.5	24201	-5.825	
39.6	24204	-5.707	
39.7	24208	-5.744	
39.8	24211	-5.677	
39.9	24215	-5.704	
40	24218	-5.696	
40.1	24222	-5.642	
40.2	24225	-5.569	
40.3	24229	-5.689	
40.4	24233	-5.616	
40.5	24236	-5.713	
40.6	24240	-5.635	
40.7	24243	-5.812	
40.8	24247	-5.712	
40.9	24250	-5.647	
41	24254	-5.622	
41.1	24257	-5.686	
41.2	24261	-5.654	
41.3	24264	-5.661	
41.4	24268	-5.784	
41.5	24271	-5.807	
41.6	24275	-5.756	
41.7	24278	-5.643	
41.8	24282	-5.856	
41.9	24285	-5.786	
42	24289	-5.739	
42.1	24293	-5.71	
42.2	24296	-5.852	
42.3	24300	-5.884	
42.4	24303	-5.784	
42.5	24307	-5.805	
42.6	24311	-5.783	
42.7	24314	-5.884	
42.8	24318	-5.887	
42.9	24322	-6.056	
43	24325	-6.028	
43.1	24329	-6.025	
43.2	24332	-6.067	
43.3	24336	-6.024	
43.4	24340	-6.089	
43.5	24343	-6.112	
43.6	24347	-6.096	
43.7	24351	-6.023	
43.8	24354	-5.962	
43.9	24358	-6.051	
44	24361	-6.11	
44.1	24365	-5.942	
44.2	24369	-5.972	
44.3	24372	-6.039	
44.4	24376	-5.972	
44.6	24383	-6.133	
44.7	24387	-6.118	
44.8	24390	-6.145	
44.9	24394	-6.124	
45	24397	-6.218	
45.1	24401	-6.264	
45.3	24408	-6.296	
45.4	24412	-6.328	
45.7	24422	-6.457	
45.8	24426	-6.435	
45.9	24430	-6.479	
46	24433	-6.479	
46.1	24437	-6.469	
46.2	24440	-6.605	
46.4	24448	-6.583	
46.6	24455	-6.631	
46.7	24459	-6.654	
46.8	24462	-6.717	
47	24469	-6.698	
47.1	24473	-6.758	
47.2	24477	-6.737	
47.3	24480	-6.736	
47.4	24484	-6.718	
47.6	24491	-6.782	
47.7	24495	-6.776	
47.8	24498	-6.871	
48	24505	-6.84	
48.1	24509	-6.825	
48.2	24512	-6.864	
48.3	24516	-6.806	
48.5	24523	-6.823	
48.6	24527	-6.767	
48.7	24530	-6.856	
48.9	24537	-6.791	
49	24541	-6.805	
49.1	24544	-6.812	
49.2	24548	-6.715	
49.3	24552	-6.769	
49.4	24555	-6.759	
49.6	24562	-6.724	
49.7	24566	-6.793	
49.8	24569	-6.784	
49.9	24573	-6.86	
50	24576	-6.782	
50.1	24580	-6.895	
50.2	24583	-6.913	
50.3	24587	-6.921	
50.5	24593	-6.937	
50.7	24600	-6.966	
50.8	24604	-6.957	
50.9	24607	-6.93	
51	24610	-6.873	
51.1	24614	-6.894	
51.2	24617	-6.834	
51.3	24620	-6.871	
51.4	24623	-6.835	
51.5	24626	-6.865	
51.6	24629	-6.814	
51.7	24633	-6.851	
52.0	24642	-6.873	
52.1	24645	-6.859	
52.2	24647	-6.81	
52.3	24650	-6.872	
52.4	24653	-6.753	
52.5	24656	-6.699	
52.6	24659	-6.914	
52.8	24665	-6.861	
53.0	24670	-6.92	
53.2	24676	-6.913	
53.4	24681	-6.93	
53.6	24687	-7.018	
53.8	24692	-7.013	
54.0	24698	-7.093	
54.2	24704	-7.154	
54.4	24709	-7.212	
54.6	24715	-7.294	
54.8	24721	-7.237	
55.0	24727	-7.257	
55.2	24733	-7.271	
55.4	24739	-7.139	
55.6	24746	-7.174	
55.8	24752	-7.207	
56.0	24759	-7.098	
56.2	24765	-7.103	
56.4	24772	-6.992	
56.6	24779	-6.931	
56.8	24786	-6.992	
57.0	24792	-7.029	
57.2	24799	-7.021	
57.7	24817	-7.216	
58.2	24834	-7.225	
58.7	24851	-7.157	
59.2	24868	-7.157