# China 640,000 Year Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/20450 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-20450.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/xv05-8s73 # # Science_Keywords: Monsoon #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/cheng2016d18o-sb58-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Stalagmite SB-58 Oxygen Isotope Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-08-30 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2024-08-17 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: China 640,000 Year Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Cheng, H.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-9458); Edwards, R.L.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-5881); Sinha, A.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5700-2451); Spötl, C.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6084-6890); Yi, L.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3377-8591); Chen, S.; Kelly, M.J.; Kathayat, G.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9333-9385); Wang, X.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-5627); Li, X.L.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8464-9020); Kong, X.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-3851); Wang, Y.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6021-2724); Ning, Y.F.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2327-7307); Zhang, H.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0855-1283) #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: New and previously published stalagmite oxygen isotope (d18O) data from 4 Chinese caves, covering the past 640,000 years. Using new oxygen isotope records of five stalagmites (D8, SB-12, SB-14, SB-32, and SB-58) from Dongge and Sanbao Caves, we extend the Chinese speleothem oxygen isotope record to cover the last 640,000 yrs. The composite 640 kyr record is based on previously published data (< 384 kyr BP) and new data from four Sanbao stalagmite records (>= 384 kyr BP) from this study (SB-12, SB-14, SB-32 and SB-58). The new d18O record from Dongge Cave (D8) replaces the previously published records between 217.2 and 225.3 kyr BP, as the age control of stalagmite D8 is superior for this time period. In order to remove the orbital insolation component from the composite d18O record, we used z-standard method to get the detrended d18O data (Delta d18O). We first converted the composite d18O data to z-standard by using the mean and standard deviation of each data set (that is, zero-mean normalization). An average data resolution of 200 years was used to allow point-to-point alignment. The detrended d18O data (Delta d18O) was obtained by subtracting 21 July insolation at 65N from the d18O record after standardization and equal spacing to the 200-year interval. Insolation is normalized to be equal in magnitude to d18O and assigned an opposite algebraic sign: Delta d18O = d18O - (- NHSInorm) = d18O + NHSInorm. Provided Keywords: Speleothem, Asian monsoon, oxygen isotope, Northern Hemisphere Insolation, Ice age terminations. # # The data sources and references for the composite are: # # <384 ka BP (From previously published data): # Wang, Y. J. et al. A high- Resolution Absolute-Dated Late Pleistocene Monsoon Record from Hulu Cave, China. Science 294, 2345-2348 (2001). # Yuan, D. X. et al. Timing, duration, and transition of the Last Interglacial Asian Monsoon. Science 304, 575-578 (2004). # Dykoski, C. A. et al. A high resolution, absolute-dated Holocene and deglacial Asian monsoon record from Dongge Cave, China. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 233, 71-86 (2005). # Kelly, M. J. et al. High resolution characterization of the Asian Monsoon between 146,000 and 99,000 years B.P. from Dongge Cave, China. Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology 236, 20-38 (2006). # Wang, Y. J. et al. Millennial- and orbital- scale changes in the East Asian Monsoon over the past 224,000 years. Nature 451, 1090-1093 (2008). # Cheng, H. et al. Ice Age Terminations. Science 326, 248-252 (2009). # # 384 ka to 641.3 ka BP (From this study): # SB-14 Record: from 384.0 to 425.0 ka BP and from 462.2 to 503.8 ka BP # SB-12 Record: from 425.0 to 444.0 ka BP # SB-58 record: from 444.0 to 462.2 ka BP # SB-32 record: from 504.2 to 641.3 ka BP # # Note 1: D8 record: replaces previous record between 217.2 and 225.3ka BP; Note 2: The original Dongge and Hulu d18O values are reduced by 1.6 per mil in the composite record to match Sanbao record. See Wang, Y. J. et al. Millennial- and orbital- scale changes in the East Asian Monsoon over the past 224,000 years. Nature 451, 1090-1093 (2008). #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Ashish Sinha, Christoph Spötl, Liang Yi, Shitao Chen, Megan Kelly, Gayatri Kathayat, Xianfeng Wang, Xianglei Li, Xinggong Kong, Yongjin Wang, Youfeng Ning, Haiwei Zhang # Journal_Name: Nature # Published_Title: The Asian monsoon over the past 640,000 years and ice age terminations # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016 # Volume: 534 # Pages: 640-646 # Issue: 7609 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/nature18591 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Oxygen isotope records from Chinese caves characterize changes in both the Asian monsoon and global climate. Here, using our new speleothem data, we extend the Chinese record to cover the full uranium/thorium dating range, that is, the past 640,000 years. The record's length and temporal precision allow us to test the idea that insolation changes caused by the Earth's precession drove the terminations of each of the last seven ice ages as well as the millennia-long intervals of reduced monsoon rainfall associated with each of the terminations. On the basis of our record's timing, the terminations are separated by four or five precession cycles, supporting the idea that the '100,000-year' ice age cycle is an average of discrete numbers of precession cycles. Furthermore, the suborbital component of monsoon rainfall variability exhibits power in both the precession and obliquity bands, and is nearly in anti-phase with summer boreal insolation. These observations indicate that insolation, in part, sets the pace of the occurrence of millennial-scale events, including those associated with terminations and 'unfinished terminations'. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 0502535, 1103404, 0823554, 1003690, 1137693, 1317693 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Basic Research Program of China # Grant: 2013CB955902 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41230524, 4157020432, 41561144003 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Research Foundation Singapore # Grant: NRFF2011-08 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Sanbao Cave # Location: China # Northernmost_Latitude: 31.667 # Southernmost_Latitude: 31.667 # Easternmost_Longitude: 110.433 # Westernmost_Longitude: 110.433 # Elevation_m: 1900 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Cheng2016d18O SB-58 # First_Year: 464900 # Last_Year: 426300 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: # Rejection_Rationale: # 238U_Decay_Constant: 1.55125x10-10 (Jaffey et al., 1971) # 234U_Decay_Constant: 2.82206x10-6 (Cheng et al., 2013) # 230Th_Decay_Constant: 9.1705x10-6 (Cheng et al., 2013) # Initial_230Th/232Th: 4.4 ± 2.2 x10-6 # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: The values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%. # Age_Model_Method: # Missing_Values: na # Chronology_Table: # samp_id depth_top_cm 238U_ppb 238U_2s_ppb 232Th_ppt 232Th_2s_ppt 230Th_232Th_atom_ppm 230Th_232Th_atom_2s_ppm d234U_meas_permil d234U_meas_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s age_uncorr_BM age_uncorr_2s_yr age_corr_BM age_corr_2s_yr d234U_init_permil d234U_init_2s_permil age_corr_kaBP1950 age_corr_2s_ka # Sb58-1 3 1655.3 0.1 77 2 398000 8400 102.3 0.2 1.11794 0.00016 426727 1252 426726 1252 341.0 1.4 426.7 1.3 # Sb58-2 5 1759.1 0.1 51 1 629000 11300 98.4 0.5 1.11284 0.00035 427288 3014 427287 3014 328.6 3.2 427.2 3.0 # Sb58-3 10 1982.3 0.1 30 4 1202000 141100 101.7 0.3 1.11744 0.00023 428052 1712 428052 1712 340.3 1.9 428.0 1.7 # Sb58-4 14 1959.1 0.1 86 2 420000 9200 99.5 0.1 1.11475 0.00014 428885 1015 428884 1015 333.9 1.1 428.8 1.0 # Sb58-5 20 1623.4 0.1 224 2 133000 1500 97.1 0.3 1.11235 0.00022 432856 1755 432853 1755 329.3 1.8 432.8 1.8 # Sb58-6 25 1464.9 0.0 187 2 143000 1700 95.6 0.2 1.11086 0.00020 434924 1680 434921 1680 326.3 1.7 434.9 1.7 # Sb58-7 40 2008.5 0.1 14 2 2639000 403700 99.2 0.2 1.11592 0.00016 435996 1409 435995 1410 339.5 1.5 435.9 1.4 # Sb58-8 57 2054.1 0.1 135 2 280000 4100 97.8 0.2 1.11474 0.00032 439371 2087 439369 2087 337.8 2.2 439.3 2.1 # Sb58-9 75 2025.3 0.1 128 3 292000 6200 98.8 0.2 1.11640 0.00019 440163 1509 440162 1509 342.3 1.6 440.1 1.5 # Sb58-10 94 2798.5 0.1 10 2 4961000 1082900 100.7 0.2 1.11938 0.00012 442379 1349 442379 1349 350.9 1.5 442.3 1.3 # Sb58-11 116 2634.0 0.1 41 2 1212000 61700 114.7 0.2 1.13853 0.00014 443058 1175 443058 1175 400.5 1.4 443.0 1.2 # Sb58-12 182 2918.1 0.1 5 2 11206000 5554900 88.9 0.2 1.10426 0.00015 446577 1341 446577 1341 313.6 1.3 446.5 1.3 # Sb58-13 265 2694.5 0.1 110 2 454000 8300 104.5 0.2 1.12665 0.00011 452419 1340 452419 1340 374.7 1.6 452.4 1.3 # Sb58-14 316 2947.9 0.1 3 2 19280000 14971400 100.5 0.2 1.12143 0.00014 453648 1428 453648 1428 361.6 1.6 453.6 1.4 # Sb58-15 370 2279.9 0.1 34 3 1234000 104400 102.0 0.2 1.12377 0.00017 455304 1750 455303 1750 368.6 2.0 455.2 1.8 # Sb58-16 465 2636.8 0.1 291 1 166000 800 91.5 0.2 1.11021 0.00024 459513 1836 459511 1836 334.6 1.8 459.5 1.8 # Sb58-17 483 3639.6 0.7 4 2 16096000 8566400 92.6 0.2 1.11211 0.00027 461544 2078 461544 2078 340.6 2.1 461.5 2.1 # Sb58-18 625 2476.4 0.1 14 2 3262000 551800 90.5 0.2 1.10978 0.00017 464714 1905 464714 1905 335.9 2.0 464.7 1.9 #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth_mm depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N, ## age_calkaBP age,,,calendar kiloyear before present,,speleothems,,,N, ## d18OcarbVPDB delta 18O,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: depth_mm age_calkaBP d18OcarbVPDB 1 426.3 -5.74 2 426.6 -5.88 3 426.9 -5.88 4 427.2 -6.05 5 427.5 -6.20 6 427.8 -6.40 7 428.1 -6.57 8 428.4 -6.65 9 428.7 -6.74 10 429.0 -6.74 11 429.3 -6.91 12 429.5 -7.15 13 429.8 -7.07 14 430.1 -7.16 15 430.3 -7.12 16 430.6 -7.51 17 430.8 -7.80 18 431.1 -7.80 19 431.3 -7.97 20 431.6 -8.21 21 431.8 -8.38 22 432.1 -8.43 23 432.3 -8.37 24 432.5 -8.34 25 432.7 -8.09 26 433.0 -8.36 27 433.2 -8.54 28 433.4 -8.52 29 433.6 -8.64 30 433.8 -8.61 31 434.0 -8.64 32 434.3 -8.66 33 434.5 -8.58 34 434.7 -8.60 35 434.8 -8.49 40 435.8 -8.37 45 436.7 -8.54 50 437.5 -9.01 55 438.2 -8.99 60 438.9 -9.17 65 439.6 -9.25 70 440.2 -8.93 75 440.7 -9.17 80 441.3 -9.03 85 441.7 -9.39 90 442.2 -9.55 95 442.6 -9.64 100 443.0 -9.59 105 443.3 -9.56 110 443.7 -9.55 115 444.0 -9.53 120 444.3 -9.39 125 444.5 -9.42 130 444.8 -9.58 135 445.1 -9.61 140 445.3 -9.74 145 445.5 -9.44 150 445.7 -9.78 155 445.9 -9.71 160 446.1 -9.85 165 446.4 -9.97 170 446.5 -9.94 175 446.7 -9.94 180 446.9 -9.96 185 447.1 -9.66 190 447.3 -9.67 195 447.5 -9.39 200 447.7 -9.03 205 447.9 -9.16 210 448.1 -9.48 215 448.3 -9.45 220 448.6 -9.27 225 448.8 -8.76 230 449.0 -8.43 235 449.2 -8.04 240 449.4 -7.65 245 449.7 -7.68 250 449.9 -7.42 255 450.2 -7.68 260 450.4 -7.63 265 450.7 -7.78 270 450.9 -7.76 275 451.2 -7.82 280 451.5 -7.94 285 451.7 -8.03 290 452.0 -8.10 295 452.3 -8.19 300 452.6 -8.30 305 452.8 -8.39 310 453.1 -8.40 315 453.4 -8.45 320 453.7 -8.55 325 454.0 -8.63 330 454.2 -8.75 335 454.5 -8.87 340 454.8 -8.92 341 454.9 -8.83 345 455.1 -8.94 350 455.4 -9.07 355 455.6 -8.83 360 455.9 -9.00 365 456.2 -9.06 370 456.4 -9.06 375 456.7 -9.13 380 457.0 -9.09 385 457.2 -8.93 390 457.4 -8.78 395 457.7 -8.67 400 457.9 -8.63 405 458.1 -8.75 410 458.3 -8.80 415 458.5 -8.57 420 458.7 -9.07 425 458.9 -9.51 430 459.1 -9.42 435 459.3 -9.59 440 459.4 -9.26 445 459.6 -9.39 450 459.7 -9.32 455 459.9 -8.90 460 460.0 -8.75 465 460.1 -8.68 470 460.2 -8.39 475 460.3 -8.19 480 460.4 -7.37 485 460.5 -8.44 490 460.6 -8.71 495 460.7 -8.75 500 460.8 -9.22 505 460.8 -9.34 510 460.9 -9.64 515 460.9 -9.65 520 461.0 -9.69 525 461.1 -9.70 530 461.1 -9.80 535 461.2 -9.82 540 461.2 -9.87 545 461.3 -9.94 550 461.4 -9.89 555 461.5 -9.82 560 461.6 -9.95 565 461.7 -10.03 570 461.8 -10.04 575 461.9 -10.10 580 462.1 -10.01 585 462.3 -9.87 590 462.4 -10.07 595 462.7 -9.93 600 462.9 -10.01 605 463.2 -10.12 610 463.5 -10.05 615 463.9 -10.11 620 464.3 -10.05 625 464.7 -9.99 627 464.9 -10.10