Qunf Cave, Oman Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Qunf Cave, Oman Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data LAST UPDATE: 10/2007 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Dominik Fleitmann, University of Bern IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2007-090 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Fleitmann, D., et al. 2007. Qunf Cave, Oman Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2007-090. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCES: Fleitmann, D., S.J. Burns, A. Mangini, M. Mudelsee, J. Kramers, I. Villa, U. Neff, A.A. Al-Subbary, A. Buettner, D. Hippler, and A. Matter. 2007. Holocene ITCZ and Indian monsoon dynamics recorded in stalagmites from Oman and Yemen (Socotra). Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 26, pp. 170–188. Fleitmann, D., S.J. Burns, M. Mudelsee, U. Neff, J. Kramers, A. Mangini, and A. Matter. 2003. Holocene Forcing of the Indian Monsoon Recorded in a Stalagmite from Southern Oman. Science, Vol. 300, pp. 1737-1739, 13 June 2003. ABSTRACT (Fleitmann et al. 2007): High-resolution oxygen isotope (d18O) profiles of Holocene stalagmites from four caves in Northern and Southern Oman and Yemen (Socotra) provide detailed information on fluctuations in precipitation along a latitudinal transect from 12ºN to 23ºN. d18O values reflect the amount of precipitation which is primarily controlled by the mean latitudinal position of the ITCZ and dynamics of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). During the early Holocene rapidly decreasing d18O values indicate a rapid northward displacement in the mean latitudinal position of the summer ITCZ and the associated ISM rainfall belt, with decadal- to centennial-scale changes in monsoon precipitation correlating well with high-latitude temperature variations recorded in Greenland ice cores. During the middle to late Holocene the summer ITCZ continuously migrated southward and monsoon precipitation decreased gradually in response to decreasing solar insolation, a trend, which is also recorded in other monsoon records from the Indian and East Asian monsoon domains. Importantly, there is no evidence for an abrupt middle Holocene weakening in monsoon precipitation. Although abrupt monsoon events are apparent in all monsoon records, they are short-lived and clearly superimposed on the long-term trend of decreasing monsoon precipitation. For the late Holocene there is an anti-correlation between ISM precipitation in Oman and inter-monsoon (spring/autumn) precipitation on Socotra, revealing a possible long-term change in the duration of the summer monsoon season since at least 4.5 ka BP. Together with the progressive shortening of the ISM season, gradual southward retreat of the mean summer ITCZ and weakening of the ISM, the total amount of precipitation decreased in those areas located at the northern fringe of the Indian and Asian monsoon domains, but increased in areas closer to the equator. ABSTRACT (Fleitmann et al. 2003): A high-resolution oxygen-isotope record from a thorium-uranium–dated stalagmite from southern Oman reflects variations in the amount of monsoon precipitation for the periods from 10.3 to 2.7 and 1.4 to 0.4 thousand years before the present (ky B.P.). Between 10.3 and 8 ky B.P., decadal to centennial variations in monsoon precipitation are in phase with temperature fluctuations recorded in Greenland ice cores, indicating that early Holocene monsoon intensity is largely controlled by glacial boundary conditions. After ~8 ky B.P., monsoon precipitation decreases gradually in response to changing Northern Hemisphere summer solar insolation, with decadal to multidecadal variations in monsoon precipitation being linked to solar activity. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Arabian Peninsula PERIOD OF RECORD: 10.5 KYrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 2021-52472.97 and 2000-059174.99) and the National Science Foundation of the United States (ATM-0135542). DESCRIPTION: Qunf Cave, Oman Stalagmite Oxygen Isotope Data Stalagmite Q5 was collected from Qunf Cave, Southern Oman (17º10 N, 54º18 E; 650m above sea level). DATA: Table 1 Results of Uranium-series dating. Th–U ages measured using MC–ICP–MS are marked with a star (*) symbol SampleDepth c(Th) c(U) 234U/238U 230Th/232Th 230Th/234U Age (mm) ppb ± ppb ± ± ± ± (ka) ± H5 5 198.676 2.204 3362 9.3 1.4999 0.0041 5.15 0.16 0.0569 0.0016 6.414 0.188 H5 25 55.876 0.676 9023.2 51.5 1.5133 0.0086 44.53 1.01 0.0586 0.0011 6.582 0.137 H5 65 8.029 0.02 4978.1 7 1.6128 0.0036 201.46 1 0.0657 0.0003 7.391 0.038 H5 98 10.309 0.075 3950.7 10 1.6134 0.0067 136.67 1.7 0.072 0.0008 8.119 0.092 H5 135 7.034 0.035 4419.8 14.1 1.6003 0.006 222.71 2.16 0.0723 0.0006 8.153 0.084 H5 160 10.832 0.081 4226.6 10.7 1.5887 0.0063 136.43 1.79 0.0717 0.0008 8.083 0.095 H5 175 21.75 0.318 4074 19.7 1.5864 0.0129 71.24 2.15 0.0777 0.0021 8.788 0.251 H5 205 22.029 0.042 3922.1 5.9 1.5946 0.0034 63.92 0.34 0.0729 0.0004 8.224 0.047 H5 235 15.067 0.181 4283.4 14.1 1.5891 0.0095 103.14 3.91 0.0742 0.0027 8.381 0.312 H5 255 14.525 0.249 3827 32.4 1.5765 0.0133 103.35 2.74 0.0809 0.0016 9.164 0.226 H5 295 90.878 0.8 4474.9 16.1 1.6292 0.0088 21.03 0.38 0.0829 0.0014 9.405 0.166 H5 325 62.874 0.444 4956.1 10 1.544 0.0047 32.16 0.35 0.0846 0.0007 9.605 0.088 H5 350 40.475 0.102 4118.2 6.3 1.6366 0.0025 44.89 0.2 0.0869 0.0003 9.867 0.044 H5 400 10.175 0.037 4008.9 6 1.5427 0.0039 162.77 1 0.0873 0.0005 9.92 0.06 H5 435 22.518 0.163 3034.6 6.4 1.5809 0.0072 58.76 0.8 0.0892 0.0011 10.147 0.131 H5 457 0.468 0.003 3379.3 6.6 1.5731 0.0048 3080.48 45.72 0.0887 0.0012 10.091 0.147 H5 480 24.588 0.246 3466.1 10.4 1.574 0.0085 60.39 1.8 0.088 0.0025 10.011 0.302 H5 498 5.842 0.044 4159.4 9.2 1.5605 0.0051 306.45 3.79 0.0901 0.0009 10.25 0.112 H12 85 6.88 0.053 1436.1 3.6 1.3833 0.0053 2.68 0.06 0.0021 0 0.232 0.005 H12 151 13.918 0.187 1639.5 3.3 1.3877 0.005 2.84 0.12 0.0041 0.0002 0.447 0.018 H12 221 4.204 0.031 1423.7 2.9 1.3858 0.0053 9.09 0.2 0.0058 0.0001 0.633 0.014 H12 338 1.244 0.01 1031.8 1.8 1.3655 0.0056 41.72 0.88 0.0118 0.0002 1.298 0.026 H12 372 7.56 0.056 1317.4 2.3 1.3718 0.0048 10.79 0.19 0.0137 0.0002 1.505 0.024 H12 391 17.738 0.146 1548.4 3.4 1.3894 0.0055 6.34 0.09 0.015 0.0002 1.647 0.022 H12 400 18.855 0.152 2684.1 6.6 1.3735 0.0058 9.66 0.17 0.0149 0.0002 1.633 0.027 H12* 450 4.361 0.02 1613 2.2 1.3828 0.001 25.24 0.23 0.0163 0.0001 1.791 0.029 H12 571 20.869 0.163 1768.5 4.5 1.3779 0.0062 9.17 0.15 0.0235 0.0004 2.597 0.04 H12* 585 2.017 0.015 1720.1 2.3 1.3737 0.001 83.57 1.16 0.0236 0.0003 2.598 0.062 H12 595 23.971 3.14 1917.2 4.4 1.362 0.0052 16.65 2.19 0.0478 0.0006 5.333 0.069 H12 638 28.087 0.37 2101.8 6.2 1.3419 0.0078 16.88 0.36 0.0526 0.0009 5.887 0.11 H12 660 4.145 0.059 1750.6 3.5 1.3388 0.0051 91.24 1.7 0.0524 0.0007 5.862 0.075 H12* 665 3.032 0.019 1702 2.3 1.3406 0.001 119.25 0.98 0.0525 0.0003 5.85 0.068 H12 744 18.588 0.142 1847.1 4.6 1.3276 0.006 21.95 0.37 0.0526 0.0008 5.887 0.099 H12 760 9.429 0.085 1728.1 4.2 1.3276 0.005 41.59 0.57 0.0549 0.0006 6.157 0.07 H12* 780 6.292 0.028 1382.9 1.9 1.3308 0.0009 50.12 0.39 0.0568 0.0004 6.341 0.085 Q5 2 1.647 0.012 448 2.2 0.9422 0.0058 3.69 0.19 0.0037 0.0002 0.403 0.021 Q5* 40 2.164 0.012 664.9 1.8 0.9348 0.0007 11.83 0.14 0.0136 0.0002 1.4 0.03 Q5 62 2.665 0.02 478 0.9 0.9333 0.0033 14.86 0.24 0.0275 0.0004 3.049 0.048 Q5 140 0.771 0.007 575 1.1 0.9162 0.0038 71.97 2.24 0.0341 0.001 3.789 0.115 Q5 197 0.762 0.009 480.4 1 0.9301 0.0058 62.73 1.93 0.0346 0.001 3.845 0.116 Q5 259 2.973 0.067 533.5 3.4 0.9322 0.0188 21.14 0.94 0.0398 0.0017 4.441 0.196 Q5 340 0.373 0.003 567.5 1.1 0.9151 0.0043 170.14 3.48 0.0398 0.0008 4.435 0.089 Q5 428 2.354 0.021 558.7 1.1 0.9271 0.0046 30.67 0.7 0.0445 0.001 4.969 0.11 Q5 503 0.575 0.005 604.3 1.3 0.9116 0.0049 152.98 2.97 0.052 0.001 5.838 0.107 Q5* 565 3.334 0.022 606.3 1.6 0.9149 0.001 28.88 0.32 0.0575 0.0005 6.47 0.09 Q5 574 1.213 0.01 595.6 1.3 0.9202 0.0047 82.1 1.91 0.0589 0.0013 6.634 0.156 Q5* 627 1.641 0.009 632.9 1.6 0.9275 0.0008 66.58 0.58 0.0616 0.0005 6.96 0.08 Q5 702 1.625 0.038 681.6 1.6 0.9107 0.0034 83.43 2.66 0.0708 0.0016 8.03 0.18 Q5* 762 0.449 0.003 676.2 1.7 0.9132 0.0009 324.13 3.58 0.078 0.0008 8.88 0.12 Q5 780 38.52 0.409 800.4 2.3 0.9386 0.0038 5.45 0.13 0.079 0.0016 8.996 0.195 Q5 860 0.386 0.003 1553.4 3.2 0.9207 0.0036 980.55 13.34 0.0866 0.001 9.903 0.12 Q5 903 0.932 0.009 1539.5 3.6 0.9086 0.0045 409.59 7.18 0.0891 0.0013 10.21 0.164 Q5 961 0.268 0.002 1790.7 3.4 0.9065 0.0027 1716.6 24.05 0.0926 0.0011 10.623 0.138 S3 149 0.41 0.005 273.6 0.7 1.0412 0.0038 8.91 1.2 0.0038 0.0005 0.418 0.057 S3 245 0.316 0.003 238.3 0.5 1.038 0.0046 17.09 0.45 0.0068 0.0002 0.746 0.019 S4 10 3.2 0.007 592.8 1.9 1.0839 0.0048 50.17 0.47 0.0806 0.0008 9.163 0.098 S4* 75 1.369 0.008 483 1.2 1.0357 0.0027 94.32 0.94 0.0855 0.0011 9.674 0.17 S4 89 1.772 0.013 379.6 1 1.0465 0.0046 56.58 0.83 0.0815 0.0011 9.283 0.136 S4 120 1.613 0.013 379.8 0.9 1.0547 0.0053 65.04 1.05 0.0847 0.0012 9.661 0.148 S4 121 1.025 0.01 267.4 0.5 1.0413 0.0049 71.03 1.26 0.0847 0.0013 9.66 0.155 S4* 135 1.046 0.006 416.7 1.1 1.0455 0.0023 107.1 1.21 0.0851 0.0013 9.67 0.1 S4* 168 3.171 0.018 499.3 1.3 1.0385 0.0046 42.4 0.5 0.0859 0.0014 9.76 0.12 S4* 205 2.792 0.014 472.8 1.2 1.0585 0.0031 47.15 0.43 0.0871 0.0011 9.908 0.09 S4* 220 2.223 0.012 489.3 1.2 1.0358 0.0028 60.76 0.61 0.0883 0.0012 9.964 0.168 S4 230 2.66 0.005 409.8 1.1 1.0502 0.0048 44.33 0.45 0.0882 0.0009 10.077 0.12 S4* 395 6.698 0.036 603 1.5 1.037 0.0027 27.44 0.24 0.0974 0.0011 10.864 0.183 S4* 415 4.72 0.025 596.7 1.5 1.0101 0.0033 36.81 0.3 0.0955 0.001 10.742 0.153 S4* 420 2.676 0.014 548.9 1.5 1.0254 0.0014 59.95 0.54 0.0944 0.0007 10.681 0.122 S4 421 4.498 0.044 583.1 1.3 1.0326 0.0066 39.13 0.86 0.0939 0.0019 10.761 0.234 D1* 312 0.281 0.003 438.9 1.1 1.3367 0.0015 84.93 2.48 0.0135 0.0004 1.48 0.05 D1* 432 0.155 0.001 466.5 1.3 1.3431 0.0033 208.85 3.16 0.0171 0.0002 1.89 0.03 D1* 565 0.153 0.002 450 1.2 1.3348 0.0019 235.01 4.45 0.0198 0.0002 2.17 0.05 D1* 665 0.145 0.001 459.2 1.2 1.3431 0.001 310.46 5.03 0.0241 0.0004 2.67 0.06 D1* 810 0.087 0.001 496.2 1.4 1.3557 0.0023 666.59 7.62 0.0284 0.0003 3.14 0.05 D1* 875 0.373 0.026 465.7 1.2 1.3399 0.0012 16.68 0.24 0.033 0.0004 3.49 0.06 D1* 960 0.31 0.002 381.8 1 1.3427 0.0019 167.28 1.86 0.0335 0.0003 3.72 0.06 D1* 1040 0.386 0.005 356.8 0.9 1.3368 0.0011 143.79 3.54 0.0386 0.0008 4.29 0.11 D1* 1115 0.414 0.002 331.7 0.9 1.3587 0.0039 133.81 1.67 0.0407 0.0005 4.53 0.08 2. Qunf Cave Stalagmite Q5 d18O Age d18O (kyr BP) (VPDB) (BP=1950) 0.308 -0.20 0.332 -0.59 0.342 -0.58 0.353 -0.73 0.366 -1.26 0.379 -1.19 0.398 -0.69 0.413 -0.89 0.427 -1.26 0.445 -1.17 0.461 -1.39 0.477 -1.49 0.495 -0.74 0.514 -0.76 0.527 -0.78 0.548 -0.54 0.566 -0.26 0.579 -0.41 0.598 -0.70 0.619 -0.92 0.653 -0.89 0.677 -0.64 0.695 -0.76 0.711 -0.54 0.727 -0.48 0.753 -0.50 0.769 -0.63 0.788 -0.50 0.806 -0.60 0.825 -0.53 0.848 -0.61 0.864 -0.25 0.880 -0.72 0.901 -0.49 0.922 -0.12 0.946 0.03 0.962 -0.28 0.988 -0.54 1.001 -1.13 1.017 -1.05 1.035 -0.98 1.051 -0.17 1.067 -0.64 1.085 -0.25 1.107 -0.34 1.130 -0.74 1.146 -0.29 1.170 -0.58 1.186 -0.62 1.204 -0.24 1.222 -0.25 1.241 0.11 1.254 0.07 1.273 -0.25 1.294 -0.57 1.312 -0.53 2.700 -0.85 2.705 -0.99 2.711 -1.08 2.716 -1.01 2.722 -0.90 2.727 -1.06 2.732 -1.28 2.738 -1.16 2.743 -1.06 2.749 -0.98 2.754 -1.47 2.759 -1.00 2.765 -1.21 2.770 -1.35 2.776 -1.39 2.781 -1.20 2.786 -1.36 2.792 -1.30 2.797 -1.08 2.803 -1.05 2.808 -1.04 2.813 -0.97 2.819 -1.04 2.824 -1.18 2.830 -1.15 2.835 -1.11 2.840 -1.02 2.846 -0.97 2.851 -0.72 2.857 -0.84 2.862 -0.54 2.867 -0.68 2.873 -0.54 2.878 -0.89 2.884 -0.78 2.889 -0.93 2.894 -0.83 2.900 -0.90 2.905 -0.87 2.911 -0.75 2.916 -0.84 2.921 -0.85 2.927 -0.98 2.932 -0.91 2.938 -0.71 2.943 -0.94 2.948 -0.99 2.954 -1.03 2.959 -1.16 2.965 -1.14 2.973 -1.13 2.979 -1.19 2.993 -1.13 3.000 -1.20 3.006 -1.15 3.012 -1.01 3.021 -1.00 3.027 -0.96 3.033 -0.88 3.041 -0.59 3.046 -1.03 3.055 -0.76 3.061 -0.72 3.072 -1.04 3.079 -0.99 3.083 -0.79 3.089 -0.98 3.095 -0.75 3.101 -1.00 3.105 -1.05 3.112 -0.95 3.116 -0.63 3.122 -0.83 3.124 -1.29 3.127 -0.98 3.128 -0.96 3.135 -1.17 3.142 -1.16 3.147 -1.10 3.153 -1.00 3.157 -1.18 3.159 -0.99 3.163 -1.10 3.167 -0.90 3.169 -0.98 3.176 -1.08 3.182 -1.10 3.189 -1.13 3.194 -1.22 3.200 -1.28 3.206 -1.10 3.213 -1.06 3.220 -1.24 3.233 -1.32 3.240 -1.19 3.245 -1.17 3.251 -1.02 3.256 -1.34 3.262 -1.38 3.267 -1.04 3.272 -1.28 3.278 -1.15 3.283 -0.80 3.288 -0.88 3.293 -1.00 3.298 -1.23 3.303 -0.92 3.309 -0.68 3.316 -1.90 3.322 -0.91 3.327 -1.09 3.332 -1.12 3.336 -1.00 3.340 -1.12 3.346 -1.13 3.350 -1.23 3.354 -0.85 3.359 -0.75 3.365 -0.82 3.370 -0.49 3.375 -0.66 3.381 -0.81 3.387 -0.77 3.391 -0.80 3.397 -0.92 3.402 -1.03 3.408 -0.93 3.412 -1.01 3.418 -1.11 3.422 -1.26 3.427 -1.20 3.433 -1.12 3.439 -1.12 3.446 -1.25 3.450 -1.81 3.455 -0.87 3.460 -0.99 3.466 -1.08 3.470 -1.16 3.477 -1.17 3.481 -0.74 3.487 -0.99 3.490 -0.82 3.495 -0.77 3.500 -0.97 3.504 -0.81 3.509 -0.81 3.515 -0.95 3.518 -1.07 3.522 -1.13 3.527 -1.04 3.531 -1.14 3.534 -1.09 3.547 -0.94 3.551 -0.82 3.555 -0.86 3.559 -0.69 3.563 -0.71 3.567 -0.58 3.571 -0.72 3.576 -0.83 3.579 -0.68 3.585 -0.50 3.588 -0.74 3.592 -0.68 3.596 -0.82 3.599 -1.13 3.603 -1.11 3.607 -1.16 3.609 -0.84 3.613 -1.11 3.617 -0.67 3.622 -0.79 3.623 -0.73 3.627 -0.71 3.631 -0.65 3.635 -0.50 3.638 -0.58 3.641 -0.71 3.644 -0.71 3.649 -0.66 3.652 -1.08 3.657 -1.05 3.660 -1.18 3.663 -1.23 3.668 -0.93 3.672 -1.05 3.675 -1.26 3.678 -1.17 3.682 -1.36 3.687 -1.09 3.690 -1.21 3.694 -1.22 3.696 -1.15 3.699 -0.89 3.702 -1.16 3.704 -1.13 3.708 -1.27 3.712 -1.40 3.715 -1.28 3.718 -1.24 3.722 -1.17 3.725 -1.23 3.727 -0.73 3.731 -1.01 3.733 -1.00 3.737 -1.21 3.739 -1.13 3.742 -1.38 3.745 -1.14 3.747 -0.93 3.751 -1.49 3.754 -1.16 3.755 -1.14 3.757 -1.42 3.760 -0.66 3.763 -0.84 3.768 -0.79 3.772 -1.15 3.776 -0.75 3.780 -0.83 3.784 -1.06 3.787 -1.05 3.792 -1.11 3.794 -1.21 3.797 -1.24 3.800 -1.00 3.803 -1.23 3.805 -1.32 3.808 -1.46 3.811 -1.45 3.812 -1.41 3.816 -1.01 3.819 -1.26 3.822 -0.56 3.825 -0.95 3.828 -1.22 3.831 -1.13 3.834 -1.16 3.837 -1.03 3.840 -1.09 3.843 -0.74 3.846 -1.21 3.849 -1.24 3.852 -1.30 3.855 -1.11 3.858 -1.05 3.861 -0.89 3.864 -0.72 3.867 -1.04 3.870 -1.03 3.872 -1.05 3.875 -0.97 3.878 -1.08 3.881 -0.83 3.884 -1.26 3.887 -1.35 3.889 3.892 -1.26 3.895 -1.26 3.898 -1.44 3.900 -1.16 3.903 -1.39 3.906 -1.47 3.909 -1.44 3.911 -1.41 3.914 -1.48 3.917 -1.49 3.919 -1.67 3.922 -1.60 3.925 -1.60 3.927 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