# Jeita Cave, Lebanon 20,000 Year Speleothem Stable Isotope Data #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/20446 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-20446.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/attj-1g71 # # Science_Keywords: hydrology #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/lebanon/jeita2015iso-j2-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Jeita Cave Core J2 Stable Isotope Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-08-26 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-01-31 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Jeita Cave, Lebanon 20,000 Year Speleothem Stable Isotope Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Cheng, H.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-9458); Sinha, A.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5700-2451); Verheyden, S.; Nader, F.H.; Li, X.L.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8464-9020); Zhang, P.Z.; Yin, J.J.; Yi, L.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3377-8591); Peng, Y.B.; Rao, Z.G.; Ning, Y.F.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2327-7307); Edwards, R.L.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-5881) #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Speleothem stable isotope (d18O and d13C) data from 3 stalagmites collected in Jeita Cave, Lebanon for the past 20,000 years #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cheng, H.; Sinha, A.; Verheyden, S.; Nader, F.H.; Li, X.L.; Zhang, P.Z.; Yin, J.J.; Yi, L.; Peng, Y.B.; Rao, Z.G.; Ning, Y.F.; Edwards, R.L. # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Published_Title: The climate variability in northern Levant over the past 20,000 years # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015 # Volume: 42 # Pages: 8641-8650 # Issue: 20 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1002/2015GL065397 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The Levant constitutes an important region for assessing linkages between climate and societal changes throughout the course of human history. However, large uncertainties remain in our understanding of the region's hydroclimate variability under varying boundary conditions. Here we present a new high-resolution, precisely dated speleothem oxygen-carbon isotope and Sr/Ca records, spanning the last 20 ka from Jeita Cave, northern Levant. Our record reveals a higher (lower) precipitation-evaporation (P-E) balance during the Last Glacial Maximum and Bolling interstadial (Heinrich stadial 1). The early-middle Holocene is characterized by a trend toward higher P-E state, culminating between ~7 and 6 ka. The middle-late Holocene is characterized by two millennial-length drier periods during 5.3-4.2 and 2.8-1.4 ka. On submillennial time scale, the northern Levant climate variability is dominated by 500 year periodicity. Comparisons with the regional proxy records suggest persistent out-of-phase climate variability between the northern and southern Levant on a wide range of timescales. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Basic Research Program of China # Grant: 2013CB955902 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41230524 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Jeita Cave # Location: Lebanon # Northernmost_Latitude: 33.95 # Southernmost_Latitude: 33.95 # Easternmost_Longitude: 35.65 # Westernmost_Longitude: 35.65 # Elevation_m: 100 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Jeita2015iso j2 # First_Year: 20367 # Last_Year: 13330 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: # Rejection_Rationale: # 238U_Decay_Constant: Jaffey et al., 1971 # 234U_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2013 # 230Th_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2013 # Initial_230Th/232Th: 4.4 2.2 × 10^-6 # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: Those are the values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%. # Age_Model_Method: # Missing_Values: na # Chronology_Table: # samp_id depth_top_mm 238U_ppb 238U_2s_ppb 232Th_ppt 232Th_2s_ppt 230Th_232Th_atom_ppm 230Th_232Th_atom_2s_ppm d234U_meas_permil d234U_meas_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s meas_yr age_uncorr_BM age_uncorr_2s_yr age_corr_BM d234U_init_permil d234U_init_2s_permil age_corr_BP1950 age_corr_2s_yr # J2-T 2.5 73.9 0.1 299 6 503 10 39.4 2.2 0.1234 0.0005 2012 13775 64 13662 41 2 13600 103 # J2-A 8 117.4 0.1 59 2 4155 137 31.7 1.4 0.1267 0.0009 2013 14277 108 14263 33 1 14200 108 # J2-B 14.5 101.3 0.1 19 1 11243 840 31.6 1.9 0.1281 0.0009 2008 14453 118 14448 33 2 14390 118 # J2-C 18 133.3 0.1 127 3 2380 60 32.8 1.6 0.1375 0.0009 2016 15572 116 15546 34 2 15480 117 # J2-C-1 27 129.9 0.2 178 4 1815 38 34.9 1.5 0.1507 0.0006 2014 17143 75 17104 37 2 17040 80 # J2-D 40 144.3 0.1 74 2 5628 180 34.5 1.5 0.1752 0.0009 2011 20216 122 20201 36 2 20140 123 # J2-E 55 118.7 0.1 253 5 1365 30 33.0 1.7 0.1767 0.0010 2017 20437 133 20377 35 2 20310 140 #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## sampleID sample identification,,,,,speleothems,,,C,stalagmite ID ## depth_mm depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N,distance from top ## age_calBP age,,,calendar year before present,,speleothems,,,N, ## d18OcarbVPDB delta 18O,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d13CcarbVPDB delta 13C,calcium carbonate,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: sampleID depth_mm age_calBP d18OcarbVPDB d13CcarbVPDB Jeita-2 0.0 13330 -4.32 -9.37 Jeita-2 0.5 13385 -4.55 -9.43 Jeita-2 1.0 13439 -4.47 -9.51 Jeita-2 1.5 13493 -4.65 -10.40 Jeita-2 2.0 13548 -4.83 -10.08 Jeita-2 2.5 13602 -5.08 -10.13 Jeita-2 3.0 13656 -5.11 -10.36 Jeita-2 3.5 13711 -5.14 -10.47 Jeita-2 4.0 13765 -5.10 -9.95 Jeita-2 4.5 13819 -5.11 -10.43 Jeita-2 5.0 13874 -5.07 -10.35 Jeita-2 5.5 13928 -5.09 -10.34 Jeita-2 6.0 13982 -5.04 -10.55 Jeita-2 6.5 14037 -5.01 -10.33 Jeita-2 7.0 14091 -5.05 -10.50 Jeita-2 7.5 14145 -5.06 -10.35 Jeita-2 8.0 14200 -4.76 -9.92 Jeita-2 8.5 14214 -4.98 -10.20 Jeita-2 9.0 14228 -4.76 -10.06 Jeita-2 9.5 14243 -4.78 -10.01 Jeita-2 10.0 14257 -4.78 -10.09 Jeita-2 10.5 14271 -4.71 -10.21 Jeita-2 11.0 14285 -4.87 -10.03 Jeita-2 11.5 14299 -4.61 -10.23 Jeita-2 12.0 14314 -4.79 -10.00 Jeita-2 12.5 14328 -4.86 -10.07 Jeita-2 13.0 14342 -4.83 -10.15 Jeita-2 13.5 14356 -4.53 -9.52 Jeita-2 14.0 14371 -5.01 -10.12 Jeita-2 14.5 14385 -4.18 -8.51 Jeita-2 15.0 14542 -4.13 -8.24 Jeita-2 15.5 14699 -4.23 -8.82 Jeita-2 16.0 14855 -3.87 -8.43 Jeita-2 16.5 15012 -3.99 -8.91 Jeita-2 17.0 15169 -3.82 -8.14 Jeita-2 17.5 15326 -3.88 -8.21 Jeita-2 18.0 15483 -3.96 -8.19 Jeita-2 18.5 15569 -3.70 -8.11 Jeita-2 19.0 15656 -3.72 -8.25 Jeita-2 19.5 15742 -3.77 -8.22 Jeita-2 20.0 15829 -3.72 -8.27 Jeita-2 20.5 15916 -3.65 -8.21 Jeita-2 21.0 16002 -3.72 -8.33 Jeita-2 21.5 16089 -3.64 -8.30 Jeita-2 22.0 16175 -3.49 -8.23 Jeita-2 22.5 16262 -3.63 -8.24 Jeita-2 23.0 16349 -3.72 -8.52 Jeita-2 23.5 16435 -3.71 -8.86 Jeita-2 24.0 16522 -3.84 -8.88 Jeita-2 24.5 16608 -3.54 -8.08 Jeita-2 25.0 16695 -3.60 -8.26 Jeita-2 25.5 16782 -3.65 -8.22 Jeita-2 26.0 16868 -3.77 -8.58 Jeita-2 26.5 16955 -3.85 -8.91 Jeita-2 27.0 17041 -3.83 -8.75 Jeita-2 27.5 17160 -3.83 -8.92 Jeita-2 28.0 17280 -3.61 -9.10 Jeita-2 28.5 17399 -3.71 -9.16 Jeita-2 29.0 17518 -3.51 -8.97 Jeita-2 29.5 17637 -3.63 -9.09 Jeita-2 30.0 17756 -3.72 -9.23 Jeita-2 30.5 17875 -3.70 -8.92 Jeita-2 31.0 17994 -3.76 -9.45 Jeita-2 31.5 18113 -3.90 -9.30 Jeita-2 32.0 18232 -3.91 -9.38 Jeita-2 32.5 18352 -3.84 -9.43 Jeita-2 33.0 18471 -3.91 -9.70 Jeita-2 33.5 18590 -3.92 -9.55 Jeita-2 34.0 18709 -3.96 -9.42 Jeita-2 34.5 18828 -3.94 -9.29 Jeita-2 35.0 18947 -3.92 -9.36 Jeita-2 35.5 19066 -4.24 -9.68 Jeita-2 36.0 19185 -4.10 -9.91 Jeita-2 36.5 19304 -3.95 -9.54 Jeita-2 37.0 19424 -3.81 -9.60 Jeita-2 37.5 19543 -3.97 -9.56 Jeita-2 38.0 19662 -3.94 -9.73 Jeita-2 38.5 19781 -4.17 -9.77 Jeita-2 39.0 19900 -4.08 -9.66 Jeita-2 39.5 20019 -4.05 -9.44 Jeita-2 40.0 20138 -4.06 -9.51 Jeita-2 40.5 20144 -4.01 -9.62 Jeita-2 41.0 20150 -3.94 -9.42 Jeita-2 41.5 20156 -4.24 -9.57 Jeita-2 42.0 20162 -3.85 -9.59 Jeita-2 42.5 20168 -4.15 -9.57 Jeita-2 43.0 20173 -4.12 -9.70 Jeita-2 43.5 20179 -4.13 -9.79 Jeita-2 44.0 20185 -4.13 -9.75 Jeita-2 44.5 20191 -4.00 -9.64 Jeita-2 45.0 20197 -4.14 -9.81 Jeita-2 45.5 20203 -4.15 -9.90 Jeita-2 46.0 20209 -4.21 -10.08 Jeita-2 46.5 20214 -4.21 -10.01 Jeita-2 47.0 20220 -4.22 -9.90 Jeita-2 47.5 20226 -4.19 -9.85 Jeita-2 48.0 20232 -4.04 -9.83 Jeita-2 48.5 20238 -4.22 -9.80 Jeita-2 49.0 20244 -4.04 -9.63 Jeita-2 49.5 20250 -4.10 -9.74 Jeita-2 50.0 20255 -4.08 -9.75 Jeita-2 50.5 20261 -3.88 -9.57 Jeita-2 51.0 20267 -3.99 -9.74 Jeita-2 51.5 20273 -4.09 -9.64 Jeita-2 52.0 20279 -4.21 -9.71 Jeita-2 52.5 20285 -4.18 -9.86 Jeita-2 53.0 20290 -4.07 -9.75 Jeita-2 53.5 20296 -4.36 -9.83 Jeita-2 54.0 20302 -4.22 -9.82 Jeita-2 54.5 20308 -4.61 -9.95 Jeita-2 55.0 20314 -3.95 -9.77 Jeita-2 55.5 20320 -4.43 -10.06 Jeita-2 56.0 20326 -4.12 -10.07 Jeita-2 56.5 20331 -4.67 -10.22 Jeita-2 57.0 20337 -4.06 -9.96 Jeita-2 57.5 20343 -4.45 -10.04 Jeita-2 58.0 20349 -4.13 -9.94 Jeita-2 58.5 20355 -3.95 -9.85 Jeita-2 59.0 20361 -4.20 -9.97 Jeita-2 59.5 20367 -4.31 -9.96