Yamen Cave, China Deglacial Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Yamen Cave, China Deglacial Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data LAST UPDATE: 7/2010 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Yang, Y., D.X. Yuan, H. Cheng, M.L. Zhang, J.M. Qin, Y.S. Lin, X.Y. Zhu, and R.L. Edwards. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2010-059 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Yang, Y., et al. 2010. Yamen Cave, China Deglacial Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2010-059. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Yang, Y., D.X. Yuan, H. Cheng, M.L. Zhang, J.M. Qin, Y.S. Lin, X.Y. Zhu, and R.L. Edwards. 2010. Precise dating of abrupt shifts in the Asian Monsoon during the last deglaciation based on stalagmite data from Yamen Cave, Guizhou Province, China. Sci China Earth Sci, Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 633-641. DOI: 10.1007/s11430-010-0025-z ABSTRACT: Based on 33 U/Th dates and 1020 oxygen isotopic data from stalagmite Y1 from Yamen Cave, Guizhou Province, China, a record of the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) was established. The record covers the last deglaciation and the early Holocene (from 16.2 to 7.3 ka BP) with an average oxygen isotope resolution of 9 years. The main millennial-scale deglacial events first identified in Greenland (Greenland Interstadial Events: GIS 1e through GIS 1a) and later in China are clearly present in the Y1 record. By analogy to earlier work, we refer to these as Chinese Interstadials (CIS): CIS A.1e to CIS A.1a. The onset of these events in Y1 d18O records are nominally dated at: 14750±50, 14100±60, 13870±80, 13370±80, and 12990±80 a BP. The end of CIS A.1a or the beginning of the Younger Dryas (YD) event is nominally at 12850±50 a BP and the end of the YD dates to 11500±40 a BP. The d18O values shift by close to 3 per mil during the transition into the Bolling-Allerod (BA, the onset of CIS A.1e) and at the end of the YD. Comparisons of Y1 to previously published early Holocene records show no significant phase differences. Thus, the East Asia Monsoon and the Indian Monsoon do not appear to have been out of phase during this interval. The Y1 record confirms earlier work that suggested that solar insolation and North Atlantic climate both affect the Asian Monsoon. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Southwestern China PERIOD OF RECORD: 16.2 to 7.3 KYrBP FUNDING SOURCES: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40231008, 40902053, 90511004,40672165, 40772216), US National Science Foundation (Grant No.052535), Science Foundation of Southwest University (Grant No.SWUB-2008047), Foundation of Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MLR (Grant No. 2006-05), National Key Program of Science and Technology (Grant No. 2006BAC01A16), Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing (Grant No. CSTC, 2009BA0002), and Geological Survey Project of MLR (Grant No. 1212010634805). DESCRIPTION: High-resolution oxygen isotope data and U/Th dating results for the last deglaciation and the early Holocene (16.3 to 7.3 ka BP) with an average oxygen isotope resolution of 9 years. Data from stalagmite Y1 collected in Yamen cave, Guizhou province, Southwestern China. Yamen Cave: 25°29'N, 107°54'E, 570m above sea level DATA: 1a. Stalagmite Y1 230Th dating results. The error is 2s error. Sample 238U 232Th 230Th/232Th d234U* 230Th/238U 230ThAge(yr) 230Th Age d234UInitial** Number (ppb) (ppt) atomicx10-6 (measured) (activity) (uncorrected) (corrected) (corrected) Y1B-1 63.4±0.0 172±3 1377.±27.9 1770.0±2.2 0.2272±0.0005 9252±23 9219±30 1817±2 9160 Y1B-2 87.8±0.1 160±3 2122.±43.1 1771.7±2.7 0.2344±0.0005 9550±24 9529±30 1820±3 9470 Y1B-3 72.1±0.1 137±3 2046±42 1766.8±2.7 0.2362±0.0006 9645±27 9629±30 1815±3 9570 Y1B-4 109.5±0.1 316±6 1368±28 1763.4±2.9 0.2392±0.0005 9781±22 9749±30 1813±3 9690 Y1B-5 102.6±0.1 166±3 2461±50 1761.4±2.6 0.2416±0.0005 9891±25 9879±30 1811±3 9820 Y1B-6 58.5±0.0 518±10 477±10 1752.8±2.4 0.2563±0.0006 10553±27 10459±70 1805±2 10400 Y1B-7 70.9±0.1 380±8 811±16 1755.3±2.8 0.2636±0.0006 10856±30 10799±50 1810±3 10740 Y1B-8 59.3±0.1 119±2 2265±48 1745.9±2.7 0.2769±0.0010 11467±45 11449±50 1803±3 11390 Y1B-9 94.2±0.1 84±2 5311±109 1744.7±2.9 0.2887±0.0005 11985±27 11979±30 1805±3 11920 Y1B-10 62.5±0.1 124±3 2440±50 1749.7±2.6 0.2944±0.0007 12206±31 12189±40 1811±3 12130 Y1B-11 60.4±0.1 176±4 1701±34 1747.6±2.7 0.3012±0.0007 12514±32 12479±40 1810±3 12420 Y1B-12 45.8±0.0 292±6 807±16 1742.7±2.8 0.3114±0.0007 12984±35 12919±60 1807±3 12860 Y1B-13 66.3±0.1 883±18 401±8 1736.8±2.9 0.3237±0.0007 13554±36 13419±110 1804±3 13360 Y1B-14 77.2±0.1 346±7 1237±25 1737.6±2.8 0.3364±0.0006 14108±30 14059±50 1808±3 14000 Y1B-15 99.3±0.1 917±18 611±12 1735.1±2.8 0.3419±0.0006 14364±31 14269±80 1806±3 14210 Y1B-16 99.7±0.1 147±3 3953±80 1734.8±2.8 0.3530±0.0006 14862±33 14849±40 1809±3 14790 Y1B-17 82.5±0.1 641±13 776±16 1740.8±2.6 0.3659±0.0007 15398±34 15319±70 1818±3 15260 *d234U = ([234U/238U]activity – 1)x1000. ** d234Uinitial was calculated based on 230Th age (T), i.e., d234Uinitial = d234Umeasured x el234xT. Corrected 230Th ages assume the initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 4.4 ±2.2 x10-6. Those are the values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the bulk earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%. ***B.P. stands for “Before Present” where the “Present” is defined as the year 1950 A.D. 1b. Uranium and thorium isotopic compositions and 230Th ages of stalagmite samples by ICP-MS Sample Weight 238U 232Th d234U [230Th/238U] [230Th/232Th] Age Age (yr.) d234Uinitial ID g ppb ppt measured*a activity*c ppm*d uncorrected corrected*c*e corrected Y10* 61.8± 0.2 1020± 23.2 1785.0± 7.0 0.18360± 0.00320 7,395± 133 7,230± 160 Y1-36 0.4740 47.5± 0.1 286± 10 1776.3± 6.3 0.18938± 0.00270 518± 19 7,660± 114 7,600± 120 1814.9 ± 6.5 Y1-35 0.4796 80.1± 0.2 879± 10 1747.7± 5.7 0.24284± 0.00518 365± 9 10,010± 223 9,900± 230 1797.3 ± 6.0 Y1-34 0.4313 66.1± 0.1 362± 11 1743.2± 5.5 0.24487± 0.00320 737± 24 10,115± 139 10,060± 140 1793.5 ± 5.7 Y1-33 0.5539 118.0± 0.3 855± 9 1741.8± 6.2 0.25829± 0.00328 589± 10 10,697± 144 10,620± 150 1794.9 ± 6.4 Y1-32 0.5024 76.5± 0.1 103± 9 1741.3± 5.0 0.27476± 0.00318 3357± 302 11,411± 139 11,400± 140 1798.3 ± 5.2 Y1-31 0.3895 41.2± 0.1 232± 12 1745.6± 6.5 0.29190± 0.00770 856± 50 12,135± 336 12,080± 340 1806.2 ± 7.0 Y1-30 0.4524 76.3± 0.2 208± 10 1743.1± 8.9 0.30374± 0.00350 1842± 93 12,663± 159 12,640± 160 1806.5 ± 9.2 Y1-29 0.4916 59.9± 0.1 241± 9 1731.4± 6.0 0.31131± 0.00552 1279± 55 13,053± 245 13,010± 250 1796.3 ± 6.3 Y1-28 0.4853 89.6± 0.2 421± 10 1726.2± 4.9 0.32043± 0.00312 1124± 28 13,482± 140 13,430± 150 1793.0 ± 5.1 Y1-27 0.5406 89.5± 0.2 297± 9 1736.1± 6.6 0.32570± 0.00333 1622± 50 13,663± 151 13,630± 160 1804.3 ± 6.9 Y1-26 0.4699 78.6± 0.1 346± 10 1715.6± 5.0 0.32625± 0.00495 1223± 40 13,796± 222 13,750± 230 1783.6 ± 5.3 Y1-25 0.4598 65.1± 0.1 453± 10 1719.5± 4.5 0.33967± 0.00391 805± 20 14,373± 176 14,300± 180 1790.4 ± 4.8 Y1-24 0.5474 43.7± 0.1 75± 8 1733.4± 5.8 0.35318± 0.00431 3379± 382 14,897± 195 14,880± 200 1807.9 ± 6.1 Y6* 44.8± 0.1 1326± 11 1730.0± 6.0 0.37660± 0.00330 15,969± 155 15,660± 220 Y1-23 0.5154 42.7± 0.1 708± 9 1727.2± 6.0 0.37988± 0.00675 378± 8 16,131± 306 15,960± 320 1806.9 ± 6.4 Analytical errors are 2s of the mean. *a d234U = ([234U/238U]activity - 1) x 1000. *b d234Uinitial corrected was calculated based on 230Th age (T), i.e., d234Uinitial = d234Umeasured X el234*T, and T is corrected age. *c [230Th/238U]activity = 1 - e-l230T + (d234Umeasured/1000)[l230/(l230 - l234)](1 - e-(l230 - l234) T), where T is the age. Decay constants are 9.1577 x 10-6 yr-1 for 230Th, 2.8263 x 10-6 yr-1 for 234U, and 1.55125 x 10-10 yr-1 for 238U (Cheng et al., 2000). *d The degree of detrital 230Th contamination is indicated by the [230Th/232Th] atomic ratio instead of the activity ratio. *e Age corrections were calculated using an average crustal 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 4.4 x 10-6 ± 2.2 x 10-6. Those are the values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the crustal 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%. 2. Stalagmite Y1 oxygen isotope data Distance Age(ka) d18O (VPDB) 1.0 7.322 -9.45 2.0 7.419 -9.53 3.0 7.516 -9.52 4.0 7.613 -9.18 5.0 7.710 -9.44 6.0 7.807 -9.00 7.0 7.904 -9.07 8.0 8.001 -9.06 9.0 8.098 -9.04 10.0 8.195 -9.07 11.0 8.292 -9.05 12.0 8.389 -9.53 13.0 8.486 -9.50 14.0 8.583 -9.47 15.0 8.680 -9.10 16.0 8.777 -9.51 17.0 8.874 -9.55 18.0 8.971 -9.44 19.0 9.068 -9.39 20.0 9.164 -9.70 21.0 9.174 -9.71 22.0 9.185 -9.81 23.0 9.195 -9.57 24.0 9.205 -9.83 25.0 9.216 -9.42 26.0 9.226 -9.53 27.0 9.236 -9.29 28.0 9.246 -9.45 29.0 9.257 -9.46 30.0 9.267 -9.44 31.0 9.277 -9.57 32.0 9.288 -9.86 33.0 9.298 -9.98 34.0 9.308 -9.69 35.0 9.319 -9.65 36.0 9.329 -9.68 37.0 9.339 -9.76 38.0 9.349 -9.79 39.0 9.360 -9.75 40.0 9.370 -9.88 41.0 9.380 -9.84 42.0 9.391 -9.62 43.0 9.401 -9.59 44.0 9.411 -9.58 45.0 9.422 -9.58 46.0 9.432 -9.40 47.0 9.442 -9.35 48.0 9.452 -9.55 49.0 9.463 -9.37 50.0 9.472 -9.48 51.0 9.475 -9.66 52.0 9.478 -9.94 52.5 9.480 -9.47 53.0 9.481 -9.71 53.5 9.483 -9.42 54.0 9.485 -9.53 54.5 9.486 -9.41 55.0 9.488 -9.73 55.5 9.489 -9.28 56.0 9.491 -9.42 56.5 9.493 -9.28 57.0 9.494 -8.92 57.5 9.496 -9.22 58.0 9.497 -9.22 58.5 9.499 -9.06 59.0 9.501 -9.55 59.5 9.502 -9.11 60.0 9.504 -9.96 61.0 9.507 -9.60 62.0 9.510 -9.52 63.0 9.513 -9.40 64.0 9.516 -9.51 65.0 9.519 -9.43 66.0 9.522 -9.21 67.0 9.526 -9.26 68.0 9.529 -9.59 69.0 9.532 -9.56 70.0 9.535 -9.29 71.0 9.538 -9.40 72.0 9.541 -9.59 73.0 9.544 -9.81 74.0 9.547 -9.57 75.0 9.550 -9.64 76.0 9.553 -9.69 77.0 9.557 -9.63 78.0 9.560 -9.57 79.0 9.563 -9.63 80.0 9.566 -9.71 81.0 9.572 -9.69 82.0 9.579 -9.82 83.0 9.585 -9.68 84.0 9.591 -9.79 85.0 9.598 -9.79 86.0 9.604 -9.54 87.0 9.610 -9.33 88.0 9.616 -9.43 89.0 9.623 -9.17 90.0 9.629 -9.67 91.0 9.635 -9.52 92.0 9.642 -9.56 93.0 9.648 -9.47 94.0 9.654 -9.66 95.0 9.660 -9.66 96.0 9.667 -9.17 97.0 9.673 -9.26 98.0 9.679 -9.20 99.0 9.686 -9.49 100.0 9.692 -9.24 101.0 9.696 -9.20 102.0 9.700 -9.21 103.0 9.704 -9.23 104.0 9.708 -9.62 105.0 9.713 -9.47 106.0 9.717 -9.35 107.0 9.721 -9.52 108.0 9.725 -9.59 109.0 9.729 -9.33 110.0 9.733 -9.45 111.0 9.737 -9.73 112.0 9.741 -9.90 113.0 9.745 -9.71 114.0 9.749 -9.59 115.0 9.754 -9.61 116.0 9.758 -9.48 117.0 9.762 -9.42 118.0 9.766 -9.58 119.0 9.770 -9.65 120.0 9.774 -9.37 121.0 9.778 -9.39 122.0 9.782 -9.26 123.0 9.786 -9.46 124.0 9.790 -9.51 125.0 9.795 -9.43 126.0 9.799 -9.37 127.0 9.803 -9.39 128.0 9.807 -9.11 129.0 9.811 -9.24 130.0 9.815 -9.10 131.0 9.820 -9.21 132.0 9.824 -9.18 133.0 9.829 -9.41 134.0 9.834 -9.43 135.0 9.838 -9.50 136.0 9.843 -9.32 137.0 9.848 -9.47 138.0 9.852 -9.57 139.0 9.857 -9.22 140.0 9.862 -9.64 141.0 9.866 -9.48 142.0 9.871 -9.66 143.0 9.875 -9.50 144.0 9.880 -9.25 145.0 9.885 -9.32 146.0 9.889 -9.35 147.0 9.894 -9.45 148.0 9.899 -9.45 149.0 9.903 -9.18 150.0 9.908 -9.29 151.0 9.913 -9.11 152.0 9.917 -9.10 153.0 9.922 -9.24 154.0 9.927 -9.52 155.0 9.931 -9.24 156.0 9.936 -9.11 157.0 9.941 -9.15 158.0 9.945 -9.66 159.0 9.950 -9.22 160.0 9.954 -9.39 161.0 9.959 -9.27 162.0 9.964 -9.45 163.0 9.968 -9.40 164.0 9.973 -9.37 165.0 9.978 -9.62 166.0 9.982 -9.41 167.0 9.987 -9.22 168.0 9.992 -9.30 169.0 9.996 -9.38 170.0 10.001 -9.01 171.0 10.006 -9.49 172.0 10.010 -9.06 173.0 10.015 -9.04 174.0 10.020 -9.22 175.0 10.024 -9.21 176.0 10.029 -9.39 177.0 10.034 -9.21 178.0 10.038 -9.41 179.0 10.043 -9.46 180.0 10.048 -9.36 181.0 10.052 -9.05 182.0 10.057 -8.85 183.0 10.063 -9.40 184.0 10.069 -9.41 185.0 10.075 -9.32 186.0 10.081 -9.20 187.0 10.087 -9.27 188.0 10.093 -9.26 189.0 10.099 -9.29 190.0 10.105 -9.22 191.0 10.111 -8.80 192.0 10.117 -9.28 193.0 10.122 -9.43 194.0 10.128 -9.18 195.0 10.134 -8.89 196.0 10.140 -9.29 197.0 10.146 -9.22 198.0 10.152 -9.09 199.0 10.158 -9.06 200.0 10.164 -9.22 201.0 10.170 -8.98 202.0 10.176 -8.91 203.0 10.182 -8.87 204.0 10.188 -8.94 205.0 10.194 -8.59 206.0 10.200 -9.13 207.0 10.206 -8.20 208.0 10.212 -8.83 209.0 10.218 -9.07 210.0 10.224 -8.51 211.0 10.230 -8.88 212.0 10.236 -8.98 213.0 10.241 -9.24 214.0 10.247 -9.13 215.0 10.253 -9.29 216.0 10.259 -9.11 217.0 10.265 -9.21 218.0 10.271 -9.11 219.0 10.277 -9.14 220.0 10.283 -8.82 221.0 10.289 -9.06 222.0 10.295 -9.35 223.0 10.301 -8.50 224.0 10.307 -8.88 225.0 10.313 -8.88 226.0 10.319 -8.31 227.0 10.325 -9.14 228.0 10.331 -8.57 229.0 10.337 -9.23 230.0 10.343 -9.11 231.0 10.349 -8.89 232.0 10.354 -8.97 233.0 10.360 -8.85 234.0 10.366 -8.55 235.0 10.372 -8.52 236.0 10.378 -8.95 237.0 10.384 -8.99 238.0 10.390 -8.66 239.0 10.396 -9.31 240.0 10.402 -8.71 241.0 10.407 -9.15 242.0 10.411 -8.71 243.0 10.416 -8.74 244.0 10.420 -8.64 245.0 10.425 -8.35 246.0 10.429 -8.39 247.0 10.434 -8.86 248.0 10.438 -8.88 249.0 10.443 -8.45 250.0 10.447 -8.73 251.0 10.452 -9.08 252.0 10.456 -9.01 253.0 10.461 -9.01 254.0 10.465 -9.20 255.0 10.470 -9.04 256.0 10.474 -8.63 257.0 10.479 -9.19 258.0 10.483 -8.94 259.0 10.488 -8.34 260.0 10.492 -8.70 261.0 10.497 -8.57 262.0 10.501 -8.60 263.0 10.506 -9.08 264.0 10.510 -8.87 265.0 10.515 -8.94 266.0 10.520 -8.70 267.0 10.524 -8.62 268.0 10.529 -8.85 269.0 10.533 -8.65 270.0 10.538 -9.10 271.0 10.542 -8.94 272.0 10.547 -8.97 273.0 10.551 -8.71 274.0 10.556 -9.15 275.0 10.560 -8.61 276.0 10.565 -8.58 277.0 10.569 -8.72 278.0 10.574 -8.99 279.0 10.578 -8.75 280.0 10.583 -8.50 281.0 10.587 -8.49 282.0 10.592 -8.35 283.0 10.596 -8.41 284.0 10.601 -8.31 285.0 10.605 -8.31 286.0 10.610 -8.67 287.0 10.614 -8.55 288.0 10.619 -8.22 289.0 10.623 -8.05 290.0 10.628 -7.98 291.0 10.633 -8.21 292.0 10.637 -8.37 293.0 10.642 -8.54 294.0 10.646 -8.49 295.0 10.651 -8.36 296.0 10.655 -8.18 297.0 10.660 -8.48 298.0 10.664 -8.33 299.0 10.669 -8.47 300.0 10.673 -8.47 301.0 10.678 -8.64 302.0 10.682 -8.72 303.0 10.687 -8.80 304.0 10.691 -8.74 305.0 10.696 -8.64 305.5 10.698 -8.42 306.0 10.700 -8.77 306.5 10.703 -8.39 307.0 10.705 -8.67 307.5 10.707 -8.32 308.0 10.709 -8.74 308.5 10.712 -8.49 309.0 10.714 -8.86 309.5 10.716 -8.58 310.0 10.718 -8.91 310.5 10.721 -8.34 311.0 10.723 -8.86 311.5 10.725 -8.43 312.0 10.727 -8.82 312.5 10.730 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