# Northeastern United States Temperature and Latitudinal Temperature Gradient Data over the past 19,000 Years #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/38479 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-recon-38479.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/4vat-g830 # # Science_Keywords: Air Temperature Reconstruction, North Atlantic Oscillation, centennial resolution #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/shuman2023/shuman2023-tdjf_regions_interp.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; TDJF Regions Interpretation Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2023-09-14 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2023-11-24 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northeastern United States Temperature and Latitudinal Temperature Gradient Data over the past 19,000 Years #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Shuman, Bryan #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Pollen-inferred winter and summer air temperatures from the Holocene for 34 sites in the northeast U.S. The data formed the basis of an analysis of latitudinal temperature gradients and their millennial-scale changes during the Holocene. # Provided Keywords: latitudinal temperature gradients, Holocene #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Bryan N. Shuman, Ioana C. Stefanescu, Laurie D. Grigg, David R. Foster, and W. Wyatt Oswald # Published_Date_or_Year: 2023-10-28 # Published_Title: A Millennial-Scale Oscillation in Latitudinal Temperature Gradients along the Western North Atlantic during the Mid-Holocene # Journal_Name: Geophysical Research Letters # Volume: 50 # Edition: # Issue: 20 # Pages: # Report_Number: e2022GL102556 # DOI: 10.1029/2022GL102556 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Changes in vegetation in North America indicate Holocene shifts in the latitudinal temperature gradient along the western margin of the North Atlantic. Tree taxa such as oak (Quercus) and birch (Betula) experienced opposing directions of change across different latitudes consistent with changes in temperature gradient steepeness. Pollen-inferred temperatures from 34 sites quantify the gradient changes and reconstruct a long-term northward steepening in summer and southward steepening in winter. From 4.8-3.8 ka, an oscillation in tree distributions interrupted the long-term trends as a steep temperature gradient developed north of 43.5°N. The shift likely limited cold outbreaks to the south, producing anomalously high summer temperatures at 42-43.5°N, and enabling a northward expansion of oak forests. The forest and temperature gradient changes appear consistent with orbital and ice sheet forcing as well as millennial variability in the North Atlantic pressure field analogous to the North Atlantic Oscillation on interannual time scales. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant: DEB-1856047, LTER-1832210 #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: New England # Location: United States # Northernmost_Latitude: 44.3604 # Southernmost_Latitude: 41.0389 # Easternmost_Longitude: -70.2083 # Westernmost_Longitude: -76.35 # Elevation_m: #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: tdjf_regions_interp # First_Year: 12500 # Last_Year: 0 # Time_Unit: calendar year before present # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: air temperature # Notes: winter latitudinal temperature gradient reconstructions #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## ages.i age,,,calendar year before present,,climate reconstructions; pollen,,,N,linear interpolation from sample ages ## Central air temperature,,,degree Celsius,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions; pollen,,,N,Mean of central sites from approximately 42-43.5 degrees N latitude ## South air temperature,,,degree Celsius,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions; pollen,,,N,Mean of southern sites from south of approximately 42 degrees N latitude ## North air temperature,,,degree Celsius,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions; pollen,,,N,Mean of northern sites from north of approximately 43.5 degrees N latitude ## C-N air temperature,,,degree Celsius,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions; pollen,,,N,represents latitudinal temperature gradient steepness north of 42.75 degrees N; mean difference between regions ## S-C air temperature,,,degree Celsius,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions; pollen,,,N,represents latitudinal temperature gradient steepness south of 42.75 degrees N; mean difference between regions ## S-N air temperature,,,degree Celsius,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions; pollen,,,N,represents latitudinal temperature gradient steepness across New England; mean difference between regions ## GradientDifference air temperature,,,degree Celsius,Dec-Feb,climate reconstructions; pollen,differenced,,N,metric of where temperature gradient is steepest; C-N temperature difference minus S-C temperature difference 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