# Northeast African Precipitation and Vegetation Biomarker Data over the last 4.5 million years #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space # Data lines have no '#' # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/38561 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-recon-38561.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/rv33-6e75 # # Science_Keywords: #--------------------------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/lupien2023/lupien2023-iso.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; dD and d13C Data # #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2023-09-20 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2023-11-23 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northeast African Precipitation and Vegetation Biomarker Data over the last 4.5 million years #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Lupien, Rachel; Uno, Kevin; Rose, Cassaundra; deRoberts, Nicole; Hazan, Cole; deMenocal, Peter; Polissar, Pratigya #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Leaf wax hydrogen and carbon isotope records from an Eastern Mediterranean sediment core to demonstrate precipitation and vegetation of northeast African over the last 4.5 million years # Provided Keywords: Paleoclimate, Northeast Africa, Organic geochemistry, Biomarkers, Precipitation, Human Evolution #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Rachel L. Lupien, Kevin T. Uno, Cassaundra Rose, Nicole deRoberts, Cole Hazan, Peter de Menocal, Pratigya Polissar # Published_Date_or_Year: 2023-10-09 # Published_Title: Low-frequency orbital variations controlled climatic and environmental cycles, amplitudes, and trends in Northeast Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene # Journal_Name: Nature Communications # Volume: 4 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: 360 # DOI: 10.1038/s43247-023-01034-7 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The eastern Mediterranean sapropels, paced by insolation, provide a unique archive of African monsoon strength over the Late Neogene. However, the longer-term climate of this region lacks characterization within the context of changes in ice volume, sea surface temperature gradients, and terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we examine C28 n-alkanoic acid leaf wax hydrogen and carbon isotopes in sapropels, sourced from northeast Africa, along with vegetation-corrected precipitation isotopes, derived from astronomically dated sediment cores from ODP 160 Sites 966 and 967 since 4.5 million years ago. Despite sampling only wet-phase sapropels for African monsoon variability, we find a larger range in hydrogen isotopes than previously published data across wet-dry precession cycles, indicating the importance of long-term modulation of Green Sahara phases throughout the Neogene. An influence of orbital properties on regional monsoonal hydroclimate is observed, controlling up to 50% of total hydrogen isotope variance, but large changes outside of these typical frequencies account for at least 50% of the total variance. This secular trend may track changes in ice volume, tropical sea surface temperature, sea surface temperature gradients, or even lower-frequency orbital cycles. Long-term hydroclimate and environmental shifts provide new contexts for milestone events in northeast African hominin dispersal and evolution. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Center for Climate and Life, Columbia University # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: ODP 160 Sites 966 and 967 # Location: Mediterranean Sea # Northernmost_Latitude: 34.0712 # Southernmost_Latitude: 33.7961 # Easternmost_Longitude: 32.7008 # Westernmost_Longitude: 32.7255 # Elevation_m: #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: lupien2023_iso # First_Year: 4427000 # Last_Year: 11500 # Time_Unit: calendar year before present # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: precipitation # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth_mcd depth,,,meter,,climate reconstructions; paleoceanography,,,N,composite depth ## age_kyr age,,,calendar kiloyear before present,,climate reconstructions; paleoceanography,,,N, ## dDwax delta 2H,C28 n-alkanoic acid,,per mil VSMOW,,paleoceanography,,gas chromatograph isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## dDwax_error delta 2H,C28 n-alkanoic acid,one standard error,per mil VSMOW,,paleoceanography,,gas chromatograph isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d13Cwax delta 13C,C28 n-alkanoic acid,,per mil VPDB,,paleoceanography,,gas chromatograph isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d13Cwax_error delta 13C,C28 n-alkanoic acid,one standard error,per mil VPDB,,paleoceanography,,gas chromatograph isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## dDprecip delta 2H,precipitation,,per mil VSMOW,,climate reconstructions; paleoceanography,corrected,gas chromatograph isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,corrected for vegetation and ice volume and CO2 #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: N/A depth_mcd age_kyr dDwax dDwax_error d13Cwax d13Cwax_error dDprecip 1.22 11.5 -135.43 4.69 -26.74 0.10 -34.83 4.39 83 -140.44 4.42 -26.17 0.09 -35.96 5.48 105.5 -152.32 7.35 -26.18 0.56 -48.20 7.50 127 -145.49 4.36 -25.66 0.09 -38.05 9.16 150.6 -137.89 4.52 -24.05 0.09 -32.49 9.93 175.6 -155.78 4.35 -26.53 0.09 -56.30 10.92 197.9 -127.36 3.72 -24.91 0.15 -17.76 11.65 220.3 -148.95 4.38 -25.45 0.09 -41.98 14.64 313.1 -157.57 4.34 -25.83 0.09 -54.30 17.85 408.4 -134.12 3.57 -27.07 0.13 -27.58 19.15 464.8 -134.50 4.45 -25.86 0.09 -31.38 20.08 485.1 -138.48 4.43 -23.93 0.09 -28.39 20.49 517.15 -138.25 4.39 -27.05 0.09 -35.43 21.16 545.71 -147.81 4.39 -25.18 0.09 -44.45 22.66 621 -135.27 3.69 -25.45 0.18 -27.22 23.41 671.5 -128.76 4.48 -25.33 0.09 -24.29 24.53 692.7 -144.59 4.40 -26.02 0.12 -40.71 25.13 714 -136.89 4.44 -22.86 0.09 -25.16 27.20 787.6 -134.44 4.45 -24.70 0.09 -24.02 27.85 806.7 N/A N/A -23.37 0.18 N/A 28.14 824.8 -129.86 4.80 N/A N/A N/A 28.43 844.2 -126.96 4.81 N/A N/A N/A 28.69 864.5 -147.63 4.47 -25.38 0.09 -40.17 29.46 885.2 -156.69 4.34 -21.65 0.09 -47.97 30.40 914.2 -156.56 4.34 -21.82 0.09 -45.27 31.14 936.5 -147.31 4.39 -23.84 0.09 -39.81 31.82 958.1 -139.01 3.68 -25.29 0.18 -28.87 32.21 979.2 -167.39 4.38 -24.39 0.09 -62.20 33.43 1029.4 -154.41 4.36 -26.06 0.09 -49.77 34.48 1072.7 -160.24 4.33 -24.53 0.09 -52.10 35.23 1093.8 -148.39 4.39 -25.93 0.09 -44.19 35.64 1114 -155.18 3.41 -26.51 0.18 -53.11 37.13 1167.1 -151.73 4.37 -25.72 0.09 -45.64 37.77 1187.3 -139.80 4.43 -25.39 0.09 -32.03 40.45 1283.9 -141.52 4.38 -25.19 0.18 -33.24 41.03 1317.6 -145.74 4.40 -21.62 0.09 -30.94 41.68 1338.1 -148.84 3.55 -24.97 0.18 -42.61 42.25 1358.7 -145.50 4.41 -22.48 0.09 -29.15 42.54 1379.5 -152.93 4.36 -25.60 0.09 -49.63 42.76 1400.5 -157.36 4.34 -24.73 0.09 -49.58 44.34 1452.8 -148.27 4.39 -25.48 0.09 -42.86 47.15 1567.4 -143.74 4.42 -25.23 0.26 -35.76 47.73 1606 -149.08 4.38 -25.31 0.09 -41.17 48.22 1624.9 -131.00 3.71 -25.61 0.15 -22.31 48.69 1644.5 -152.16 4.37 -26.37 0.09 -46.69 49.81 1697.8 -142.15 4.42 -23.46 0.09 -31.51 50.24 1718.2 -152.55 4.36 -25.93 0.09 -46.22 50.59 1739.1 -148.44 4.38 -26.61 0.09 -45.40 51.05 1759.9 -149.37 4.38 -26.60 0.09 -43.27 52.17 1810.5 -179.06 4.23 -27.32 0.09 -80.63 52.63 1832.4 -149.94 6.44 -25.25 0.45 -43.09 53.47 1853.5 -150.40 3.63 -25.92 0.18 -45.32 54.08 1874.7 -159.23 4.33 -27.01 0.09 -57.51 54.08 1903.8 -142.59 4.41 -25.53 0.09 -36.80 54.88 1925.8 -152.33 4.37 -25.44 0.09 -46.87 65.03 2076.5 -155.86 4.35 -26.66 0.09 -55.17 65.63 2163.6 -154.94 4.37 -26.55 1.81 -53.93 66.15 2189 -157.84 4.34 -25.52 0.09 -51.34 66.53 2211.1 -151.89 4.37 -27.38 0.09 -48.98 67.28 2232.7 -153.30 4.36 -28.50 0.09 -52.57 67.66 2254.2 -159.56 3.47 -25.61 0.25 -55.13 69.02 2303.6 -151.36 4.37 -25.66 0.09 -43.55 70.90 2367.7 N/A N/A -24.92 0.25 N/A 72.52 2439.1 -143.06 4.41 -25.42 0.09 -39.24 73.26 2477.7 -135.40 4.45 -25.06 0.09 -27.27 74.88 2544.7 -160.74 4.37 -23.98 0.09 -50.01 75.41 2568.1 -159.93 4.33 -22.10 0.09 -47.10 75.93 2590.9 -150.63 4.46 -23.85 0.09 -40.61 76.52 2612.8 -155.96 3.61 -24.91 0.18 -49.46 77.22 2636.5 -144.16 4.50 -23.63 1.08 -32.68 77.79 2659.6 -154.39 4.36 -24.90 0.09 -47.54 78.52 2682.4 -145.09 4.40 -26.72 0.09 -39.67 81.26 2831.2 -150.32 4.38 -26.43 0.09 -43.96 82.22 2874.1 -138.14 3.68 -25.57 0.18 -28.86 82.95 2902.7 -142.16 5.54 -24.23 0.45 -31.52 84.46 2968.4 -137.67 4.44 -26.05 0.09 -30.40 84.84 2991.3 -148.95 4.38 -24.28 0.09 -38.03 85.03 3017 -149.01 4.38 -25.00 0.09 -42.06 85.45 3039.2 -145.48 4.39 -24.07 1.08 -31.60 86.00 3060.8 -154.78 4.36 -24.66 1.91 -45.31 86.54 3083.1 -151.24 4.38 -25.66 1.64 -42.75 87.02 3107.1 -146.41 4.39 -24.77 0.09 -36.42 87.51 3132.6 -144.26 3.66 -26.24 0.18 -37.34 87.66 3154 -140.23 6.39 -25.31 0.09 -30.13 88.22 3175.1 -150.14 7.74 -24.78 1.06 -39.87 88.78 3195.8 -154.29 4.44 -24.91 0.09 -44.47 89.28 3213.2 -145.36 4.49 -25.39 0.18 -36.43 90.64 3249.6 -151.45 4.33 -23.29 0.09 -38.07 90.71 3286.9 -135.41 4.45 -23.05 0.09 -21.98 92.41 3346.2 -158.03 4.34 -23.77 0.09 -48.84 92.88 3367 -152.74 4.36 -23.80 0.09 -40.47 93.58 3398 -138.95 4.52 -24.03 0.09 -26.12 94.90 3418.9 -161.82 4.41 -23.73 0.08 -50.05 96.04 3439.8 -150.68 4.37 -24.88 0.09 -39.78 96.34 3461.2 -137.52 3.60 -25.38 0.18 -28.42 96.49 3482 -157.29 4.34 -25.47 0.09 -47.73 96.74 3493.9 -150.84 4.46 -24.27 0.09 -39.19 97.32 3513.1 -140.32 4.75 N/A N/A N/A 97.82 3533.7 -157.13 4.35 -24.30 0.12 -47.16 98.35 3554.2 -152.32 4.45 -25.07 0.09 -42.51 98.77 3574.5 -158.92 4.33 -24.13 0.09 -47.85 99.96 3611.2 -161.15 4.32 -25.15 0.09 -52.77 100.57 3630.4 -151.39 4.37 -24.90 0.09 -42.74 101.11 3649.6 -151.36 4.37 -24.35 0.12 -39.61 101.86 3667.6 -154.17 4.36 -24.09 0.09 -42.74 102.89 3705.8 -147.43 4.39 -24.12 0.09 -35.65 104.42 3747.4 -166.80 4.29 -26.42 0.09 -61.84 104.79 3820.1 -169.66 4.28 -25.88 0.08 -63.52 105.53 3841.2 -165.08 4.29 -25.18 0.26 -58.58 106.02 3862.8 -165.47 6.74 -25.50 2.04 -59.52 106.26 3890.8 -176.93 4.24 -23.08 0.08 -66.85 107.95 3934.8 -166.47 4.33 -26.46 0.09 -60.99 109.16 3976.4 -148.92 4.38 -24.71 0.08 -38.03 112.81 4105.4 -157.04 4.34 -24.76 0.09 -47.66 113.53 4126 -161.84 4.32 -24.78 0.09 -52.34 115.09 4198.5 -150.71 4.37 -24.29 0.08 -39.37 116.23 4241.4 -160.21 5.75 -24.54 0.15 -50.95 116.83 4264.2 -160.63 4.41 -24.91 0.09 -51.84 117.11 4290.5 -145.81 3.65 -25.39 0.18 -36.90 117.42 4301.65 -144.61 4.40 -25.17 0.08 -34.93 117.62 4312.8 -145.28 4.40 -23.74 0.09 -31.24 119.88 4406.6 -147.00 3.52 -23.56 0.18 -33.96 120.23 4427 -146.76 4.39 -23.78 0.09 -33.77