# Northeastern and North Central United States Air Temperature Reconstruction during the last 30 ka #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/31097 # Online_Resource_Description: NOAA Landing Page # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/27330 # Online_Resource_Description: NOAA Landing Page for Temperature-12k Database # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/climate12k/temperature/version1.0.0/Temp12k_directory_NOAA_files/Steel.Shuman.2016.txt # Online_Resource_Description: NOAA location of the template # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/climate12k/temperature/version1.0.0/Temp12k_directory_LiPD_files/Steel.Shuman.2016.lpd # Online_Resource_Description: Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) formatted file containing metadata and data related to this file, for version 1.0.0 of this dataset. # # Original_Source_URL: # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Data_Type: Climate Reconstructions # Parameter_Keywords: air temperature # Dataset_DOI: # #------------------ # Contribution_Date # Date: 2020-04-15 #------------------ # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-05-16 #------------------ # Title # Study_Name: Northeastern and North Central United States Air Temperature Reconstruction during the last 30 ka #------------------ # Investigators # Investigators: Shuman, Bryan N.; Marsicek, Jeremiah #------------------ # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This dataset was contributed as part of the Temperature-12k project (https://doi.org/10.25921/4RY2-G808). Data were contributed to the project from the original data generators, who are listed in the Investigator field of this template file. Additional notes regarding the use of these data in the Temperature-12k project can be found in the LiPD file listed as an Online_Resource of this template file. Note added by Temperature-12k authors: chron data missing #------------------ # Publication # Authors: Shuman, Bryan N. and Jeremiah Marsicek # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016 # Published_Title: The structure of Holocene climate change in mid-latitude North America # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Volume: 141 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 38-51 # Report: # DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.03.009 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: A sequence of long-term and rapid changes during the Holocene appears in a network of 40 well-resolved paleoclimate datasets from mid-latitude North America, including records of pollen-inferred temperatures, alkenone-derived sea-surface temperatures (SSTs), lake-level changes, dust accumulation, and lake isotopes from Idaho to Maine. Statistical analyses reveal that changes in insolation and the Laurentide Ice Sheet explain 51.7% of the variance in the records, especially multi-millennial trends, but peak rates of change indicate additional rapid changes at ca. 10.8, 9.4, 8.3, 7.0, 5.5–5.2, 4.7, 2.1, and 0.9 ka. Step changes between 9.4 and 8.3 ka relate to ice sheet dynamics that warmed much of the region, and changes at 5.5 ka were the largest since the demise of the ice sheet. The shift at 5.5 ka initiated widespread cooling and increases in effective moisture, which culminated in the coolest, wettest millennia in most areas after 2.1 ka. Replicated evidence from multiple records also shows a spatially-varied set of multi-century fluctuations including 1) low temperatures and high effective moisture at 5.5–4.8 ka in the mid-continent and 2) repeated phases of low SSTs, cool summers, and drought superimposed upon long cooling, moistening trends in eastern North American since 5.5 ka. #------------------ # Publication # Authors: Kaufman, D., N. McKay, C. Routson, M. Erb, B. Davis, O. Heiri, S. Jaccard, J. Tierney, C. Dätwyler, Y. Axford, T. Brussel, O. Cartapanis, B. Chase, A. Dawson, A. de Vernal, S. Engels, L. Jonkers, J. Marsicek, P. Moffa-Sánchez, C. Morrill, A. Orsi, K. Rehfeld, K. Saunders, P. S. Sommer, E. Thomas, M. Tonello, M. Tóth, R. Vachula, A. Andreev, S. Bertrand, B. Biskaborn, M. Bringué, S. Brooks, M. Caniupán, M. Chevalier, L. Cwynar, J. Emile-Geay, J. Fegyveresi, A. Feurdean, W. Finsinger, M-C. Fortin, L. Foster, M. Fox, K. Gajewski, M. Grosjean, S. Hausmann, M. Heinrichs, N. Holmes, B. Ilyashuk, E. Ilyashuk, S. Juggins, D. Khider, K. Koinig, P. Langdon, I. Larocque-Tobler, J. Li, A. Lotter, T. Luoto, A. Mackay, E. Magyari, S. Malevich, B. Mark, J. Massaferro, V. Montade, L. Nazarova, E. Novenko, P. Paril, E. Pearson, M. Peros, R. Pienitz, M. Plóciennik, D. Porinchu, A. Potito, A. Rees, S. Reinemann, S. Roberts, N. Rolland, S. Salonen, A. Self, H. Seppä, S. Shala, J-M. St-Jacques, B. Stenni, L. Syrykh, P. Tarrats, K. Taylor, V. van den Bos, G. Velle, E. Wahl, I. Walker, J. Wilmshurst, E. Zhang, S. Zhilich # Published_Date_or_Year: 2020-04-14 # Published_Title: A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records # Journal_Name: Scientific Data # Volume: 7 # Edition: 115 # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0445-3 # Online_Resource: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-0445-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of quality-controlled, published, temperature-sensitive proxy records extending back 12,000 years through the Holocene. Data were compiled from 679 sites where time series cover at least 4000 years, are resolved at sub-millennial scale (median spacing of 400 years or finer) and have at least one age control point every 3000 years, with cut-off values slackened in data-sparse regions. The data derive from lake sediment (51%), marine sediment (31%), peat (11%), glacier ice (3%), and other natural archives. The database contains 1319 records, including 157 from the Southern Hemisphere. The multi-proxy database comprises paleotemperature time series based on ecological assemblages, as well as biophysical and geochemical indicators that reflect mean annual or seasonal temperatures, as encoded in the database. This database can be used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of Holocene temperature at global to regional scales, and is publicly available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Steel Lake # Location: North America>United States Of America>Minnesota # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 46.97 # Southernmost_Latitude: 46.97 # Easternmost_Longitude: -94.68 # Westernmost_Longitude: -94.68 # Elevation: 415 #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Steel.Shuman.2016 # Earliest_Year: 12300.0 # Most_Recent_Year: -50.98 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Species # Species_Name: # Species_Code: # Common_Name: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # age_type age SD depth thickness # 14C 340.0 40.0 83.7 2.0 # 14C 780.0 50.0 111.0 2.0 # 14C 1700.0 120.0 230.0 2.0 # 14C 1880.0 40.0 252.0 2.0 # 14C 1850.0 60.0 256.0 2.0 # 14C 2160.0 50.0 292.0 2.0 # 14C 2490.0 100.0 311.5 2.0 # 14C 2680.0 90.0 328.6 2.0 # 14C 2920.0 90.0 348.0 2.0 # 14C 4100.0 90.0 456.0 2.0 # 14C 4290.0 40.0 486.0 2.0 # 14C 4510.0 100.0 486.0 2.0 # 14C 4840.0 210.0 532.0 2.0 # 14C 5280.0 40.0 572.5 2.0 # 14C 5830.0 40.0 641.8 2.0 # 14C 6170.0 50.0 653.0 2.0 # 14C 6890.0 90.0 698.0 2.0 # 14C 7210.0 60.0 788.0 2.0 # 14C 7240.0 60.0 790.0 2.0 # 14C 8580.0 130.0 883.0 2.0 # 14C 8750.0 80.0 908.0 2.0 # 14C 9470.0 250.0 922.0 2.0 # 14C 9420.0 140.0 930.0 2.0 # 14C 9620.0 190.0 933.0 2.0 # 14C 9860.0 50.0 946.0 2.0 # 14C 9790.0 210.0 946.0 2.0 # 14C 10430.0 40.0 1019.6 2.0 # 14C 9870.0 60.0 1090.3 2.0 # 14C 10010.0 40.0 1129.3 2.0 # 14C 9960.0 50.0 1142.4 2.0 #------------------ # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age age,,,calendar year before present,,pollen;climate reconstructions,,,N, ## depth depth,,,centimeter,,pollen;climate reconstructions,,,N, ## temperature surface air temperature,,,degree Celsius,warmest month,pollen;climate reconstructions,,modern analogue technique,N, ## temperature-1 surface air temperature,,,degree Celsius,coldest month,pollen;climate reconstructions,,modern analogue technique,N, ## temperature-2 surface air temperature,,,degree Celsius,annual,pollen;climate reconstructions,,modern analogue technique,N, # #------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: nan # age depth temperature temperature-1 temperature-2 -50.98 0.0 19.17142857 -12.14285714 0.388971429 -21.11 10.0 19.0 -13.37142857 -0.396742856 46.3 30.0 18.87142857 -14.44285714 -1.061028571 123.79 50.0 18.72857143 -13.2 -0.582457141 211.11 70.0 18.54285714 -11.72857143 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